东秦岭商丹地区刘岭群浅变质沉积岩系碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

传统意义的刘岭群广泛分布于南秦岭北缘地区,由于特殊的大地构造位置,其一直被视为揭示秦岭造山带早古生代南秦岭构造带和北秦岭构造带汇聚过程的重要窗口.丹凤－商南－西坪地区的刘岭群较山阳－柞水地区的刘岭群变质程度深且变形复杂,分别被称为刘岭群浅变质沉积岩系和刘岭群沉积岩系以示区分.山阳－柞水地区的刘岭群沉积岩系据可靠的古生物化石证据被划归为中泥盆统或上泥盆统,而商丹地区的刘岭群浅变质沉积岩系则无可靠的时代证据,被划归为下古生界.通过对商丹地区浅变质沉积岩系中的石榴二云母石英片岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄研究,获得碎屑锆石年龄谱介于2 598~390 Ma,2个主要峰值年龄段分别为~1.0~0.6 Ga和~0.5~0.4 Ga,3个次要峰值年龄段分别为~2.6~2.3 Ga、~1.71~1.60 Ga和~1.3~1.2 Ga.综合本次及前人研究结果表明:刘岭群浅变质沉积岩系和沉积岩系物源具有双源性,南、北秦岭构造带均为其提供重要物源;商丹地区刘岭群浅变质沉积岩系最大沉积时限为~390 Ma,该地层最可能形成于中晚泥盆世;刘岭群沉积岩系和刘岭群浅变质沉积岩系可能为同时代沉积物,后期经历不同构造变形,形成于前陆盆地构造环境.      

秦岭造山带东段秦岭岩群的年代学和地球化学研究

对东秦岭地区的陕西省洛南县、宁陕县、长安县和河南省淅川县出露的四个秦岭岩群变质岩进行的岩石学和地球化学研究表明,样品主要由变质火山岩和变质沉积岩组成.详细的锆石U-Pb定年结果显示三个正变质岩均形成于新元古代早期(971～843Ma),而副变质岩中富集大量新元古代碎屑锆石,根据最年轻的谐和年龄(859Ma)和早古生代的变质年龄,推测其沉积时代为新元古代中晚期.因此,北秦岭南部的秦岭岩群的变质岩主要由新元古代早期的火成岩和新元古代中晚期的沉积岩组成.变质作用主要发生在加里东期,局部有燕山期的变质作用叠加.指示北秦岭的造山作用主要发生在早古生代.岩石地球化学研究还显示秦岭岩群的新元古代火山岩均形成于火山弧构造环境,沉积岩沉积于大陆弧-活动大陆边缘环境,指示秦岭造山带在新元古代早期是一个火山弧.秦岭岩群的火山岩和沉积岩在形成时代和构造环境方面与扬子克拉通西缘的特征非常相似,表明位于北秦岭造山带的秦岭岩群应归属于扬子克拉通陆块,是扬子北缘的一个大陆边缘弧.     

北秦岭前寒武纪地壳组成及其构造演化

北秦岭主要发育元古宙构造岩石地层单位,包括古元古代秦岭岩群、中元古代峡河岩群、宽坪岩群和武关岩群、中元古代晚期松树为蛇绿岩构造岩片、新元古代丹凤岩群和二郎坪岩群的下部地层单位以及晋宁期强烈的构造岩浆活动。北秦岭广泛存在晋宁期的强烈构造-岩浆-变质地质事件,且是新元古代主体形成的古老造山带。晋宁期的强烈地质事件可能代表了华北地块、北秦岭微地块、中秦岭地块与扬子地块之间的俯冲碰撞拼合。震旦纪之后又逐渐开始发生大陆裂解,进入显生宙构造演化阶段。新元古代晋宁期（1000～800Ma）发生的主要地质事件和俯冲-碰撞拼合与国外一些地质学家提出的新元古代时期Rodinia超大陆的形成不谋而合。     

早古生代北秦岭—北祁连结合部构造格局的地层及构造岩浆事件约束

通过对位于华北、北秦岭、北祁连交界部位的武威-贺兰山-礼泉地区奥陶纪地层格架进行对比分析,初步认为奥陶纪时,北祁连洋、北秦岭洋和华北西南海盆相通.早-中奥陶世,自鄂尔多斯碳酸盐台地-鄂尔多斯西南缘-北祁连走廊台地边缘-北祁连火山沉积盆地,存在一个基本连续,由陆缘相至盆地相的沉积格架.对构造岩浆事件的对比研究表明,北秦岭西段的关子镇蛇绿岩中的火山岩具N-MORB特点,武山高家河蛇绿岩中火山岩具E-MORB特征,它们均形成于洋中脊环境,是早古生代商丹洋盆西延的证据.对北祁连东端的早古生代地质体初步确认有:具有N-MORB特征的赤沙火山岩系;形成于弧后环境的红土堡基性火山岩系和形成于岛弧环境的陈家河酸性火山岩系,显示了北祁连东端保存有早古生代洋盆及俯冲构造演化的地质记录.岩石学、地球化学及同位素年代学数据揭示北秦岭西端和北祁连东端均发育450～391Ma俯冲碰撞型花岗质岩浆侵入事件及408～415Ma碰撞变质事件,表明北秦岭和北祁连经历了相似的洋陆转化过程.因此,北秦岭和北祁连造山带在新元古代末-早古生代可能为同一洋盆演化的产物,经历了大体相当的构造-热事件的改造,两者可能在统一的构造动力学机制下经历了相似的构造演化,形成了大体相当的古构造格局.对比研究认为,东秦岭商丹断裂带向西可能与武山-唐藏断裂带相对应;北秦岭的二郎坪群向西可能与北祁连的葫芦河群相对应;北秦岭的秦岭群可能与北祁连的陇山群相对应.     

北秦岭前寒武纪地壳组成及其构造演化

北秦岭主要发育元古宙构造岩石地层单位,包括古元古代秦岭岩群,中元古代峡河岩群,宽坪岩群和武关岩群,中元古代晚期松要地沟蛇绿岩构造岩片,新元古代丹凤岩群和二郎坪岩群的下部地层单位以及晋宁期强烈的构造岩浆活动。北秦岭广泛存在晋宁期强烈构造－岩浆－变质地质事件,且是新元古代主体形成的古老造山带,晋宁期的强烈地质事件可能代表了地块,北秦岭微地块中秦岭地块与扬子地块之间的俯冲碰撞拼合。震旦纪之后又逐渐开始发     

陕西凤太地区唐藏—黄柏塬构造带内各时代火山岩对比研究

唐藏一黄柏塬构造带是商丹结合带的向西延伸,有两套不同时代火山岩系相依分布,其中新元古代丹凤岩群火山岩系主要为玄武岩—安山岩—流纹岩,早古生代罗汉寺岩群火山岩系为苦橄岩—安山玄武岩—安山岩—流效岩,通过岩石常量元素和稀土、微量元素地球化学特征研究,证明丹凤岩群火山岩系形成千岛弧构造环境,罗汉寺岩群火山岩系形成于陆壳增厚的活动陆线构造环境。     

北秦岭罗汉寺岩群锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其构造地质意义

对出露于北秦岭周至黑河小王涧黄草坪南罗汉寺岩群(弧前盆地沉积楔形体)中的英安质晶屑凝灰岩,进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素测年研究,获得该群晶屑凝灰岩形成时代为(491±5)Ma,反映该岩群跨及早奥陶世.结合商丹带北侧广泛发育的加里东期岛弧花岗岩带和前人在其他地区测定该岩群的最新年代信息,认为本次测年数据为北秦岭...     

秦岭造山带地壳构造与楔入成山

横穿秦岭的河南叶县至湖北南漳的反射地震剖面揭示，秦岭造山带地壳由一系列由南向北楔入到中地壳的鳄鱼式构造所组成。南北溱岭上地壳分别形成南秦岭和北秦岭推覆系。北秦岭推覆系是组成基底的地壳沿脆转换面拆离冲叠形成的一个推覆系，可以分出栾川推覆体，瓦穴子推覆体，二郎坪推覆体及朱夏推覆体。     

秦-祁构造结合部位陇山岩群中碎屑锆石年代学研究及其地质意义

秦-祁构造结合部位以新阳-元龙大型剪切带为界,北侧的北祁连造山带和南侧的西秦岭造山带的构造线呈斜截关系,致使两侧岩石单元的对比存在困难。陇山岩群位于秦-祁结合部位的北祁连构造单元东端,是一套岩性复杂的中深程度变质杂岩,其形成年代和构造属性一直存在较大的争论。本文重点以陇山岩群中黑云母石英片岩为研究对象,对其中的碎屑锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年。其测年结果明显分为4组,两个主要区间为1 097～795 Ma （49%,峰期年龄约为929 Ma）和2 713～2 265 Ma （21.5%,峰期年龄约为2 435 Ma）,另有两个次级年龄组为575～471 Ma （12%,峰期年龄约为541 Ma）与1 864～1 539 Ma （14%,峰期年龄约为1 717 Ma）。通过最小岩浆峰期年龄和陇山岩群内侵入体的最老年龄初步限定其形成时代介于寒武纪早期-早-中奥陶世（539～454 Ma）,与已报道的晚太古代-早元古代陇山岩群TTG片麻岩形成于不同时代,不属于华北板块南缘基底的沉积岩系。通过与周边构造单元年龄特征峰值的对比研究发现,其新太古代-古元古代（2 713～2 265 Ma）和中元古代（1 864～1 539 Ma）的碎屑物质主要来自华北板块南缘基底,新元古代（1 097～7 95 Ma）的碎屑物质主要来自于北秦岭造山带和中祁连陆块,早古生代（575～471 Ma）的碎屑物质来自于天水-武山构造带,与该洋盆形成过程有关。因此,陇山岩群中黑云母石英片岩的碎屑物源既包括北侧的华北板块南缘基底,又包括南侧的秦岭-祁连造山带,可能形成于早古生代红土堡弧后盆地的形成扩展阶段,与北秦岭东段宽坪岩群副变质岩和二郎坪岩群变沉积岩形成构造环境相似。     

秦岭构造带与转换断层

本文探讨转换断层在秦岭构造带演变中的作用。祁连洋扩张导致秦岭带的右行转换拉张作用,形成加里东期秦岭海。秦岭海消亡时,沿商丹断裂向北斜向俯冲。晚志留世,南、北大陆开始对接后,沿商丹断裂的斜向俯冲逐渐转变为左行走滑。左行走滑作用造成了海西早期平移造山作用和转换拉张作用相伴的构造格局。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.