基于卫星测高的南海中尺度涡统计特征研究

采用卫星测高数据SLA,通过对相同时间内不同卫星的数据以及同一卫星不同时间段的数据处理结果进行分析,来探讨卫星的识别能力和南海中尺度涡的时空分布规律。通过分析ENVISAT和Jason-2高度计2009年数据资料所识别出的eddy可以得出,在时间上,南海中尺度涡具有季节分布特征,即冬、夏季的中尺度涡具有明显的典型的分布特征,而春、秋季节的冷暖涡数量相差不大,具有过渡特征;在空间上,南海eddy多分布在越南东南部以及14°N~18°N,111°E~113°E海域。通过分析ENVISAT、Jason-2和j1n(Jason-1 on its new orbit)的3颗卫星融合数据,与单颗卫星相比,发现融合数据具有更强的识别能力,可以监测出更多的涡流。     

卫星和模式数据分析的南海中尺度涡的统计特征

为了进一步了解南海中尺度涡的统计特征,利用OFES数据资料和最新的AVISO卫星资料,采用速度矢量涡旋识别方法和空间距离搜索法,对南海中尺度涡的特征加以统计分析。结果表明,南海海域是中尺度涡的多发区,尤其是在南海北部靠近吕宋海峡的区域存在较多的中尺度涡,这些中尺度涡的运动方向都是自东向西;同时在南海的西边界流区也存在较多的中尺度涡,它们的运动轨迹则是与局地的表层流的方向有很大的关系,有很多是自南向北运动。同时西北太平洋的西边界流处也有大量的Rossby波以中尺度涡的形式传来。     

A Bathymetric Model for the South China Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Depth Data

A bathymetric model for the South China Sea is computed from altimeter-derived gravity anomalies, shipborne depths, ETOPO5, and the GMT shorelines using a procedure that includes downward continuation, linear regression, and data merging. The model best fits the GMT shorelines and is a compromise between smoothness, degree of agreement with ship data, and the seafloor features we wish to retain. The model is proven useful in studying the tectonics and modeling the ocean tide of the South China Sea.     

Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the Bering Sea Found from Satellite Data

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This study characterizes the spatiotemporal variability of chlorophyll-a in the Bering Sea and adjacent Pacific Ocean based on 2003–2019 MODIS...     

Trends in Extreme Mean Sea Level Quantiles from Satellite Altimetry

Satellite altimetry allows the study of sea-level long-term variability on a global and spatially uniform basis. Here quantile regression is applied to derive robust median regression trends of mean sea level as well as trends in extreme quantiles from radar altimetry time series. In contrast with ordinary least squares regression, which only provides an estimate on the rate of change of the mean of data distribution, quantile regression allows the estimation of trends at different quantiles of the data distribution, yielding a more complete picture of long-term variability. Trends derived from basin-wide averaged regional mean sea level time series are robust and similar for all quantiles, indicating that all parts of the data distribution are changing at the same rate. In contrast, trends are not robust and diverge across quantiles in the case of local time series. Trends are under- (over-)estimated in the western (eastern) equatorial Pacific. Furthermore, trends in the lowermost quantile (0.05) are larger than the median trend in the western Pacific, while trends in the uppermost quantile (0.95) are lower than the median trend in the eastern Pacific. These differences in trends in extreme mean sea level quantiles are explained by the exceptional effect of the strong 1997–1998 El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event.     

Circulation of Waters in the Northwestern Part of the Bering Sea According to Satellite Data

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - A study of water circulation in the northwestern part of the Bering Sea using AVISO satellite data on velocities of geostrophic currents from 2002 to...     

Improved Chlorophyll-a Algorithm for the Satellite Ocean Color Data in the Northern Bering Sea and Southern Chukchi Sea

The Bering and Chukchi seas are an important conduit to the Arctic Ocean and are reported to be one of the most productive regions in the world’s oceans in terms of high primary productivity that sustains large numbers of fishes, marine mammals, and sea birds as well as benthic animals. Climate-induced changes in primary production and production at higher trophic levels also have been observed in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas. Satellite ocean color observations could enable the monitoring of relatively long term patterns in chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations that would serve as an indicator of phytoplankton biomass. The performance of existing global and regional Chl-a algorithms for satellite ocean color data was investigated in the northeastern Bering Sea and southern Chukchi Sea using in situ optical measurements from the Healy 2007 cruise. The model-derived Chl-a data using the previous Chl-a algorithms present striking uncertainties regarding Chl-a concentrations – for example, overestimation in lower Chl-a concentrations or systematic overestimation in the northeastern Bering Sea and southern Chukchi Sea. Accordingly, a simple two band ratio (R_rs(443)/R_rs(555)) algorithm of Chl-a for the satellite ocean color data was devised for the northeastern Bering Sea and southern Chukchi Sea. The MODIS-derived Chl-a data from July 2002 to December 2014 were produced using the new Chl-a algorithm to investigate the seasonal and interannual variations of Chl-a in the northern Bering Sea and the southern Chukchi Sea. The seasonal distribution of Chl-a shows that the highest (spring bloom) Chl-a concentrations are in May and the lowest are in July in the overall area. Chl-a concentrations relatively decreased in June, particularly in the open ocean waters of the Bering Sea. The Chl-a concentrations start to increase again in August and become quite high in September. In October, Chl-a concentrations decreased in the western area of the Study area and the Alaskan coastal waters. Strong interannual variations are shown in Chl-a concentrations in all areas. There is a slightly increasing trend in Chl-a concentrations in the northern Bering Strait (SECS). This increasing trend may be related to recent increases in the extent and duration of open waters due to the early break up of sea ice and the late formation of sea ice in the Chukchi Sea.     

卫星测高数据格网化方法研究

用连续曲率张力样条方法和Shepard方法分别对多颗卫星和单颗卫星的海面高数据进行格网化,得到平均海面高。将平均海面高与DNSC08、KMSS04、CLS01平均海面高模型进行了比较,分析了两种格网化方法的优劣。结果表明,连续曲率张力样条方法比Shepard方法更适合于卫星测高数据的格网化。     

中国南海西部浮游植物对中尺度涡的响应

2011-09应用高效液相色谱分离技术并结合CHEMTAX软件研究了中国南海西部冷涡和暖涡区浮游植物的群落结构组成.结果表明,南海西部优势类群为定鞭金藻、聚球藻和原绿球藻.中尺度涡影响了总叶绿素a(Chl a)的垂直分布和浮游植物群落组成,暖涡使叶绿素最大层下移,但冷涡并未使叶绿素最大层上移;同时,暖涡区定鞭金藻贡献量减少,原绿球藻和聚球藻贡献量增加,而冷涡区硅藻贡献量增加,聚球藻贡献量减少.中尺度涡并未显著影响南海西部浮游植物优势类群的优势地位,但其对水柱积分生物量的影响不同,暖涡区总叶绿素a显著增加,而冷涡区总叶绿素a无显著变化.     

Submesoscale Eddies in the White Sea Based on Satellite Radar Measurements

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This paper presents the results of the analysis of the archive of radar images of Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) and Radarsat-1,2 for...     

Assimilation of the Data of Satellite Altimetry in an Eddy-Resolving Model of Circulation of the Black Sea

The data of satellite altimetry are used to simulate the Black-Sea circulation. The altimetry data of the TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS satellites are prepared within the framework of the NASA Ocean Altimeter Pathfinder project. The additional data processing is performed to compute the dynamic level reflecting the circulation of the Black Sea. The altimetry sea-level is assimilated in an eddy-resolving model of circulation of the Black Sea based on primitive equations. The accuracy of the obtained fields of temperature and salinity is estimated by comparing with the data of large-scale hydrographic surveys according to the ComSBlack program. The prognostic capabilities of the proposed model are estimated by comparing the obtained results with the fields computed with the help of assimilation of the altimetry data.     

基于卫星高度计观测的全球中尺度涡的分布和传播特征

利用将近12 a的融合高度计资料获得了全球海洋中尺度涡的空间分布和传播特征。结果表明,中尺度涡在副热带海域呈明显的带状分布,反气旋涡和气旋涡的数目相当,但在某些海域它们的数目有很大不同;在40°S-60°N间,大多数涡的运动方向向西,然而在40°-60°S间约有70%的涡向东传播;对于西向传播的涡而言,纬向平均速度随纬度有明显的变化,在赤道附近的西向传播速度为13 cm/s,而在高纬度递减到不足1 cm/s,中尺度涡的传播表现出类似于Rossby波的传播特征。     

Shelf Waves in the Great Australian Bight Based on Satellite Altimetry Data

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - In this study we analyze shelf waves in the Great Australian Bight using satellite altimetry data. The phase velocity of the first mode of topographic...     

Effect of the East Siberian Current on Water Exchange in the Bering Strait Based on Satellite Altimetry Measurements

Oceanology - The seasonal and interannual variability of water exchange in the Bering Strait and its relationship with Arctic circulation is investigated on the basis of satellite-altimetry...     

Trajectory of Mesoscale Eddies in the Kuroshio Recirculation Region

Trajectories of mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio recirculation region were investigated by using sea surface height (SSH) anomaly observed by the TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS altimeters. Cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies have been traced on maps of the filtered SSH anomaly fields composed from the altimeter observations every ten days. Both the cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies propagate westward in the Kuroshio recirculation region from a region south of the Kuroshio Extension. The propagation speed of these eddies has been estimated as about 7 cm s⁻¹, which is much faster than the phase speed theoretically estimated for the baroclinic first-mode Rossby wave in the study area. It was also found that in the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge region, most of eddies pass through the gap between the Hachijojima Island and Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, and some of the eddies decay around the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge. It seems that the trajectory of the eddies is crucially affected by the bottom topography. In the region south of Shikoku and east of Kyushu, some of the eddies coalesce with the Kuroshio. It is also suggested that this coalescence may trigger the path variation of the Kuroshio in the sea south of Japan. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

联合卫星测高和卫星重力数据研究热容海平面变化

首先用卫星测高资料计算了1993～2009年6月的全球平均海平面变化。用GRACE(gravity recovery andclimate experiment)时变重力场系数反演了2003～2009年6月全球平均海水质量变化。联合GRACE和卫星测高资料计算了2003～2009年6月的热容海平面变化,该变化呈上升趋势。用日本气象局Ishii等提供的海温数据计算了1993～2006年的海水引起的平均热膨胀海平面变化,1993～2003年间,全球海洋热膨胀引起的热容海平面呈上升趋势,约占同期平均海平面变化的一半。利用ARGO温盐数据计算了2004～2009年6月平均热容海平面变化,也呈上升态势,只是变化速率有所减慢。     

卫星测高正常点海面高度计算方法研究

正常点海面高计算是卫星测高数据处理的基础.从测高卫星飞行轨道的规律出发,提出了采用“距离加权平均”计算正常点海面高的新方法,阐述了“距离加权平均”这一方法计算正常点海面高的原理.并分别利用传统方法和新方法所计算出的中国海域内正常点海面高数据,进行交叉点海面高不符值及其平差计算,对所得结果进行精度评定.实际计算结果比对证明了利用“距离加权平均”法计算正常点海面高的可行性和优越性.     

印度洋中尺度涡遥感调查和验证

海洋湍流的基本结构之一是各种尺度的涡旋,既有构成背景场流的随机小尺度涡旋,又有在统计意义上存在拟序结构的中尺度涡。针对印度洋广泛存在的中尺度涡,研究使用长时间序列、空间分布均匀的卫星测高数据,开展了印度洋中尺度涡遥感调查和结果验证。结果显示,印度洋中尺度涡主要分布在南印度洋南极绕极流区域、澳大利亚西部海域、莫桑比克海峡以及北印度洋的阿拉伯海以及孟加拉湾。北印度洋由于空间区域所限,其中尺度涡生命周期和移动距离均较小;而南印度洋存在大量长生命周期的中尺度涡,部分涡旋可以横跨整个南印度洋运动。基于ARGO现场观测数据以及多源海洋三维再处理数据,对中尺度涡遥感调查结果进行了验证,中尺度涡表层遥感信号与水下温度信号显示了较好的一致性。     

Sea Level Prediction in the Yellow Sea From Satellite Altimetry With a Combined Least Squares-Neural Network Approach

Accessible high-quality observation datasets and proper modeling process are critically required to accurately predict sea level rise in coastal areas. This study focuses on developing and validating a combined least squares-neural network approach applicable to the short-term prediction of sea level variations in the Yellow Sea, where the periodic terms and linear trend of sea level change are fitted and extrapolated using the least squares model, while the prediction of the residual terms is performed by several different types of artificial neural networks. The input and output data used are the sea level anomalies (SLA) time series in the Yellow Sea from 1993 to 2016 derived from ERS-1/2, Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1/2, and Envisat satellite altimetry missions. Tests of different neural network architectures and learning algorithms are performed to assess their applicability for predicting the residuals of SLA time series. Different neural networks satisfactorily provide reliable results and the root mean square errors of the predictions from the proposed combined approach are less than 2?cm and correlation coefficients between the observed and predicted SLA are up to 0.87. Results prove the reliability of the combined least squares-neural network approach on the short-term prediction of sea level variability close to the coast.