Spectral classification methods in monitoring small local events by the Israel seismic network

We use the dense Israel Seismic Network (ISN) to discriminate between low magnitude earthquakes and explosions in the Middle East region. This issue is important for CTBT monitoring, especially when considering small nuclear tests which may be conducted under evasive conditions. We explore the performance of efficient discriminants based on spectral features of seismograms using waveforms of 50 earthquakes and 114 quarry and underwater blasts with magnitudes 1.0–2.8, recorded by ISN short-period stations at distances up to 200 km. The single-station spectral ratio of the low and high-frequency seismic energy shows an overlap between explosions and earthquakes. After averaging over a subnet of stations, the resolving power is enhanced and the two classes of events are separated. Different frequency bands were tested; the (1–3 Hz)/(6–8 Hz) ratio provided the best discriminant performance. We also estimated normalized r.m.s. spectral amplitudes in several sequential equal frequency windows within the 1–12 Hz band and applied multiparametric automatic classification procedures (Linear Discrimination Function and Artificial Neural Network) to the amplitudes averaged over a subnetwork. A leave-one-out test showed a low rate of error for the multiparametric procedures. An innovative multi-station discriminant is proposed, based on spectral modulation associated with ripple-firing in quarry blasts and with the bubbling effect in underwater explosions. It utilizes a distinct azimuth-invariant coherency of spectral shapes for different stations in the frequency range (1–12 Hz). The coherency is measured by semblance statistics commonly used in seismic prospecting for phase correlation in the time domain. After modification, the statistics applied to the network spectra provided event separation. A new feature of all the above mentioned procedures is that they are based on smoothed (0.5 Hz window), instrument-corrected FFT spectra of the whole signal; they are robust to the accuracy of onset time estimation and, thus well suited to automatic event identification.     

和田地震台阵勘址测量与数据分析

介绍了新疆和田地震台阵候选台址现场勘址测量及后续数据处理分析等内容,为确定台阵的最终台址和子台布局提供了可靠的数据基础。     

镜泊湖火山测震台网监测效能评估

2019年镜泊湖火山测震台网新增2个测震台后,共有5个测震观测子台对火山区进行地震监测.利用其观测数据,进行噪声功率谱和监测能力计算,绘制地震监测能力图,并与原测震台网监测能力进行对比分析.研究表明,镜泊湖火山测震台网监测能力得到很大提升,可满足火山地震监测需要.     

皖南地区区域地震台网监测能力分析

介绍了皖南地区区域地震台网20个测震台站的基本情况。对20个台站的背景噪声数字化记录进行了计算和分析,得其背景噪声均方根RMS值、有效测量动态范围,分析了噪声水平并按照地噪声水平的规定对各台进行了台基噪声分类。结果表明,20个测震台站中有9个I类台址、9个Ⅱ类台址、2个Ⅲ类台址。同时,分析了皖南地区区域台网的最小监测能力,结果表明,皖南地区区域台网最小监测能力为M_L≥-0.1—0.6,台站监测能力基本满足皖南地区监测需求。     

云南区域数字地震台网的监测能力与限幅问题

采用地噪声包络幅度作为背景噪声的统计特征量,利用噪声峰值角频率处的地噪声速度振幅与对应的地噪声位移振幅Aμn的转换关系,把Av换算成近震震级公式中所需的位移量Aμ,在此基础上,计算了云南数字地震台网的监测能力,计算结果与实际观测结果相符.同时,分析了云南"九五"地震监测台网的大震限幅问题.     

龙滩水电工程数字遥测地震台网监测能力检验

阐述了数字地震台网地震监测能力的计算方法,根据龙滩数字遥测地震台网监测要求与设计监测能力,采用该台网2006年1月至2007年11月期间记录到的833个ME1．5以下地震,检验和分析了台网的实际监测能力,结果表明,台网的实际监测能力达到设计要求。     

长河坝—黄金坪水库区域地震台网监测能力分析

位于四川省甘孜藏族自治州康定市内大渡河干流的长河坝—黄金坪水电站,为大渡河流域开发中,以长河坝、大岗山、瀑布沟等形成主要梯级格局开发方案中,"三库22级"水电站中的第10和11级电站,其地震监测台网也采用梯级设计方式,长河坝—黄金坪上下游水库地震监测台网统一设计、建设及监测,共享同一地震监测能力。通过对监测设备的技术指标、台基地噪声水平和震级—频度对数关系的分析,结果表明,长河坝—黄金坪水库区域地震固定台站建成后,地震监测能力达到并优于设计的理论监测能力,地震监测震级达到下限为M_L 0.5的设计要求。     

三峡重庆库区数字遥测台网地震监测能力评估

三峡重庆库区数字遥测地震台网由27个子台组成,全部采用速度记录方式。我们根据测试记录的数据,用速度震级公式ML=lg(AV/2πf) R(△),对各子台不同震级所能控制的距离进行了计算,得到台网不同震级地震的监测范围。台网基本上能够测定巫山至奉节段的ML≥1.2地震活动,同时能够测定一般地区的ML=1.8地震活动。     

黑龙江省地震台网的监测能力

介绍黑龙江省数字化地震台网建设的概况，对黑龙江省的监测能力进行计算和绘制，说明黑龙江省台网的监测能力达到了预期的目的和要求，为黑龙江省的防震减灾以及监测预报工作提供了有力的依据和基础数据。     

地球物理台网仪器监控可视化系统设计与实现

根据地球物理观测台网日常监测工作需求,基于地震观测仪器自动监控软件数据源开发一款可视化软件,用于地球物理台网仪器状态监控。该软件可对仪器设备状态、网络状态、运行状态等进行实时监控,对采集数据中的无效数据、异常变幅、干扰、地震和限幅等监控结果进行报警提示,通过可视化窗口,将及时呈现全球及全国地震信息,并利用智能语音合成技术,实现仪器告警、地震速报信息的语音播报。     

内蒙古地震预警基准台网监控能力评估

国家地震烈度速报与预警工程项目已启动,内蒙古自治区地震局已完成预警基准台站勘选工作。利用近震计算公式,利用已选定台址与现有台站噪声水平,评估内蒙古自治区预警基准站建成后地震监控能力。结果表明,呼和浩特、包头、鄂尔多斯和乌兰察布市地区,地震监测能力在1.0级,而赤峰—通辽地区监测能力将达0.5级。     

姚安地震序列的震源参数研究

利用昆明区域数字遥测台网记录的姚安地震序列资料，结合姚安震区流动数字化台网的近震源观测资料，使用波谱分析法测算婉安地震序列的震源力学参数，给出S波的计算结果，并进行讨论。同时，对区域数字遥测台网和震区流动为流动数字化台网同时记录的39个地震采用同一模式计算出的震源参数进行了对比讨论。     

安徽省地震台网监测能力和监控范围估算

安徽省“十五”数字地震台网由21个子台组成。我们根据测试记录的数据,将地动速度转换为地动位移,根据短周期地震仪近震震级公式ML=lgAμ＋R（△）＋C,对各台站不同震级所能控制的距离进行了计算,得到台网监测范围。台网基本上能够控制安徽省中部ML≥2．0地震和全省ML≥2．5地震。     

The Use of Ambient Seismic Noise Measurements for the Estimation of Surface Soil Effects: The Motril City Case (Southern Spain)

This paper presents a study of the ambient seismic noise features in Motril City. The predominant resonant period at each site was determined using the Horizontal to Vertical Noise Ratio (HVNR) of the microtremors records; it was applied to 91 points which cover the city and we present the distribution of the periods over a map which shows important characteristics requiring consideration in a study focussing on the mitigation of the seismic risk. Using these results, two zones can be distinguished: north of the GG profile with predominant periods smaller than 0.25 sec which corresponds with a hard soil, and south of GG with periods ranging from 0.25 to 0.6 indicating a medium-soft soil. Microtremors are a preliminary useful tool that compensates for the lack of seismic recorded data, and that can complement other valuable information (borehole logs, geology, etc.) to evaluate the seismic risk on places as Motril City where some of this information is unavailable. Through the predominant period the HVNR indicates the kind of soil we are dealing with.     

福建数字地震台网台址背景噪声分析

在使用福建区数字地震台网选台过程中,用１２个台址得到的背景噪声数字记录,计算分析了其背景噪声地动速度均方根值（ＲＭＳ）,有效测量动态范围、噪声功率谱及功率谱密度。所得结果可作为供评价仪器性能,台址安静程度的参考。对利用仪器所提供的动态范围,根据区域台网周围地震环境和台网记录地震的目的及任务设置适当的增益量程是也是有用的 。     

天津测震台网地震监测能力分析

通过计算地震台站最小监控震级,得到天津测震台网地震监测能力。采用经典谱估计中的Welch算法,计算天津测震台网31个地震台站噪声水平。取噪声水平有效值的30倍作为能检测到最小地震S波的最大振幅,通过近震震级公式,计算各台站地震震级,取第4个能被检测到的台站地震震级作为最小监控震级。     

甘肃省地震台网监测能力分析

讨论了影响台网监测能力的因素，通过对2000年6月～2003年1月甘肃省地震台网产出的地震目录进行分析，给出了甘肃省地震台网监测能力，对台网监测能力弱区进行了划分，提出提高台网监测能力的建议。     

Site response obtained from array techniques applied to the seismic noise: Two examples in Italy

The vertical component of the seismic noise has been recorded in two different sites near the towns of Mercato S. Severino and Benevento in Southern Italy by a small aperture array, in order to investigate the characteristics of the noise propagation and to study the site response. Three different array techniques have been applied in the two investigated sites: Beam Forming, High Resolution and Spatial Correlation methods. We used two simple array geometry for localising possible noise sources and estimating local shallow structure using ambient noise. The cross shaped array results effective for determining the phase velocity of waves in the case when the noise is from a single localised source; the circular array, on the other hand, is successfully used when the noise sources are distributed. The main results are: the analysis of a coherent component of the noise recorded in the two sites, interpreted as Rayleigh waves, results in reasonable velocity models; the noise recorded in the M.S.S. Plain is a space stationary signal, while the noise at the Benevento site is possibly produced by a stable noise source located close to the array. Due to this evidence, the correlation method does not yield satisfactory results when applied to the Benevento site. The 2–6 Hz spectral peaks of the noise recorded in the M.S.S. Plain can be interpreted as due to a site effect, considering the satisfactory agreement of the noise spectrum at those frequencies with the theoretical transfer function computed on the basis of the velocity model deduced from the Rayleigh waves dispersion analysis.     

永安无人值守地震台远程网络监控系统

针对永安无人值守地震台设备维护及安全巡视等问题,利用地震台现有网络搭建方式,使用网络摄像机及相应监控系统软件,通过合理配置,实现无人值守地震台远程网络视频监控。该系统的实现,提高了永安地震台管控无人值守台站的能力,对其他地震台有一定借鉴意义。     

陕西省关中及邻区地震的震源参数研究

利用西安数字地震遥测台网记录的宽频带数字地震资料,通过波谱分析的方法,测定了陕西省关中及邻区地震的震源参数,建立并探讨了震源参数与震级ML之间的关系。