基于HYCOM的风生大洋环流模拟及季节变化分析

基于垂向混合坐标系统的海洋模式HYCOM建立了全球大洋气候态环流场.在此基础上与前人研究工作进行对比,分析和讨论了全球风生大洋环流场的季节变化情况.从模拟结果看该模式具有较好的模拟能力,可以合理地模拟南极绕极流、赤道流系、黑潮和湾流等世界各主要大洋流系.从断面温度场、流函数分布和断面流量场等分析显示:南极绕极流堪称世界最强流,湾流整体强于黑潮,3者都具有夏季增强、冬季减弱的特点.HYCOM模式在国外的研究方兴未艾,而在国内的应用尚处在起步阶段.本文通过对该模式的介绍和结果分析,向读者推荐使用该模式.     

Seasonal and interannual variations in the East Sakhalin current revealed by TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data

Seasonal and interannual variations in the East Sakhalin Current (ESC) are investigated using ten-year records of the sea level anomaly (SLA) observed by the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimeter. The T/P SLA clearly documents seasonal and interannual variations in the ESC along the east coast of Sakhalin Island, although sea ice masks the region from January to April. Estimates of surface current velocity anomaly derived from T/P SLA are in good agreement with drifting buoy observations. The ESC is strong in winter, with a typical current velocity of 30–40 cm s⁻¹ in December, and almost disappears in summer. Southward flow of the ESC is confined to the shelf and slope region and consists of two velocity cores. These features of the ESC are consistent with short-term observations reported in previous studies. Analysis of the ten-year records of T/P SLA confirms that the structure of the ESC is maintained each winter and the seasonal cycle is repeated every year, although the strength of the ESC shows large interannual variations. Seasonal and interannual variations in the ESC are discussed in relation to wind-driven circulation in the Sea of Okhotsk, using wind stress and wind stress curl fields derived from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data and a scatterometer-derived wind product. Seasonal and interannual variations of the anticyclonic eddy in the Kuril Basin are also revealed using T/P SLA.     

Effects of the Wind and Ice Conditions on the Upwelling along the Western Kamchatka Coast (Sea of Okhotsk) Based on the Satellite Data

The variability of the upwelling along the western coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula (northeastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk) has been studied based on an analysis of the multisensor satellite data. The intensity of upwelling is estimated on the basis of wind-forced offshore Ekman transport (upwelling index). The wind data for studying the seasonal variation of upwelling were collected in 1999–2009 using a Quik-SCAT/SeaWinds scatterometer. The upwelling events along the western Kamchatka coast were observed in December at the beginning of the winter monsoon period. During the period of strong winter monsoon northern winds from January to the middle of March, the drifting ice prevents the upwelling of the deep water at the western Kamchatka shelf edge under the mean conditions. The oceanographic data show that upwelling in the western coastal zone of Kamchatka was also observed during the transitional periods from winter to the summer monsoon (April). In summer, upwelling events are rarely observed in this region. The main cause of the summer upwelling is the propagation of the atmospheric cyclones over the Kamchatka Peninsula.     

基于Argo资料的吕宋岛以东海域水团特征分析

基于中国Argo实时资料中心发布的2004年1月至2017年12月Argo全球温盐资料,运用直线定位法和隶属关系,对吕宋岛以东海域(120°～140°E,10°～30°N)水团进行分析,划分出北太平洋次表层水团(NPSSW)和北太平洋中层水团(NPIW)的分布范围.次表层水团位于50～220 m深度,分布在10°～28...     

The Moneron Tsunami of September 5, 1971, and Its Manifestation on the Sakhalin Island Coast: Numerical Simulation Results

Observation data on the September 5, 1971, earthquake that occurred near the Moneron Island (Sakhalin) have been analyzed and a numerical simulation of the tsunami induced by this earthquake is conducted. The tsunami source identified in this study indicates that the observational data are in good agreement with the results of calculations performed on the basis of shallow-water equations.     

东海陆架环流季节变化的模拟与分析

在改进POM模式基础上,建立1个中国东部海域斜压准预报模式,利用全球海洋模式结果并结合实测资料以及高精度卫星遥感SST资料,进行了东海陆架海域温盐及环流年循环的数值模拟,并系统分析了东海陆架环流系统及其季节变化、各暖流的路径等广为关注的问题。模式结果表明：黑潮主轴主体沿陆架坡折走向,中段黑潮流幅由南至北增宽,流速变大,流核所达深度变浅。浙闽沿岸流是一典型的季风环流,台湾暖流终年表现出东、北两分支结构,其分支表现出明显的季节性变化特征。在东海东北部陆架海域,冬季黑潮以其分支形式向北入侵,夏季则主要以大陆边缘流的形式向北进入陆架。论文对各暖流的水源也进行了相应的分析。     

Seasonal Dynamics of Phytoplankton and Environmental Factors around the Chagwi-do off the West Coast of Jeju Island,Korea

The dynamics of phytoplankton abundance with seasonal variation in physicochemical conditions were investigated monthly at 10 stations around the Chagwi-do off the west coast of Jeju Island, Korea, including inshore, middle shore, and offshore in the marine ranching area from September 2004 to November 2005. Water temperature varied from 12.1 to 28.9°C (average 18.8°C), and salinity from 28.9 to 34.9 psu (average 33.7 psu). The chlorophyll a concentration was 0.02-2.05 μg L¹ (average 0.70 μg L¹), and the maximum concentration occurred in the bottom layer in April. A total of 294 phytoplankton species belonging to 10 families was identified: 182 Bacillariophyceae, 52 Dinophyceae, 9 Chlorophyceae, 12 Cryptophyceae, 6 Chrysophyceae, 4 Dictyophyceae, 13 Euglenophyceae, 6 Prymnesiophyceae, 5 Prasinophyceae, and 5 Raphidophyceae. The standing crop was 2.21-48.69x10⁴ cells L¹ (average 9.23x 10⁴ cells L¹), and the maximum occurred in the bottom layer in April. Diatoms were most abundant throughout the year, followed by dinoflagellates and phytoflagellates. A phytoplankton bloom occurred twice: once in spring, peaking in April, and once in autumn, peaking in November. The spring bloom was represented by fourChaetoceros species andSkeletonema costatum; each contributed 10–20% of the total phytoplankton abundance. The autumn bloom comprised dinoflagellates, diatoms, and phytoflagellates, of which dinoflagellates were predominant.Gymnodinium conicum, Prorocentrum micans, andP. triestinum each contributed over 10% of the total phytoplankton abundance.     

Large-Scale Structure of Thermal Fronts in the East Part of the Tropical Atlantic and Their Seasonal Variability

On the basis of the climatic array of hydrological annual and monthly average data on temperature and the data of satellite observations of the surface temperature of the ocean, we refine the annual average structure of the temperature fronts and study their seasonal variability in the east part of the Tropical Atlantic in the meridional sections made along 30, 20, and 10°W, 0°, and 10°E. It is shown that the maximum intensity and seasonal variations are typical of the North Subequatorial and South Tropical Fronts varying with predominant annual period. We revealed a delay of 2–3 months in the attainment of the maximum intensity of the South Tropical and South Subequatorial Fronts in the west-east direction. Various mechanisms specifying the seasonal variability of the surface and subsurface North and South Subequatorial Fronts are discussed. There exists good agreement between the specific features of the seasonal variability of characteristics of the fronts established according to the hydrological and satellite data. __________ Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 46–59, March–April, 2005.     

利用QuikSCAT/NCEP混合风场及WAVEWATCH模拟东中国海风浪场

将国际上比较成熟的海浪模式WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ移植到东中国海,采用QuikSCAT卫星遥感资料与NCEP数据混合风场作为强迫项,对该海区2000年1月23日至31日的一个大风天气过程下的风浪场进行了模拟计算。计算结果与浮标观测资料的对比结果说明,所获得的风浪场数值结果不但具有较高的时空分辨率,其精度也是比较高的。     

Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the Bering Sea Found from Satellite Data

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This study characterizes the spatiotemporal variability of chlorophyll-a in the Bering Sea and adjacent Pacific Ocean based on 2003–2019 MODIS...     

Effects of Eddy Variability on the Circulation of the Japan/East Sea

The effect of mesoscale eddy variability on the Japan/East Sea mean circulation is examined from satellite altimeter data and results from the Naval Research Laboratory Layered Ocean Model (NLOM). Sea surface height variations from the Geosat-Exact Repeat Mission and TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter satellites imply geostrophic velocities. At the satellite crossover points, the total velocity and the Reynolds stress due to geostrophic mesoscale turbulence are calculated. After spatial interpolation the momentum flux and effect on geostrophic balance indicates that the eddy variability aids in the transport of the Polar Front and the separation of the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC). The NLOM results elucidate the impact of eddy variability on the EKWC separation from the Korean coast. Eddy variability is suppressed by either increasing the model viscosity or decreasing the model resolution. The simulations with decreased eddy variability indicate a northward overshoot of the EKWC. Only the model simulation with sufficient eddy variability depicts the EKWC separating from the Korean coast at the observed latitude. The NLOM simulations indicate mesoscale influence through upper ocean-topographic coupling. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Seasonal and Diurnal Variability of the Thermal Skin Layer Characteristics Based on a Comparison of Satellite Measurements by SEVIRI and Data from Temperature-Profiling Drifters

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - A comparative analysis of high time resolution data acquired by the SEVIRI scanner and temperature-profiling drifters during a multiyear period is...     

Seasonal Variability and Annual Primary Production of Phytoplankton in the Laptev Sea Assessed by MODIS-Aqua Data

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The seasonal variability of primary production in the Laptev Sea has been studied and its annual values have been determined using the data of a...     

Seasonal Variability and Estimation of Annual East Siberian Sea Phytoplankton Primary Production and Comparison with the Other Siberian Seas

Oceanology - Studies of seasonal variability of the East Siberian Sea (ESS) water column primary production (IPP) and evaluation of its total annual value (PPtot) were performed using MODIS-Aqua...     

基于Landsat-8 的湛江东海岛地物分类研究

“宝钢湛江项目”的实施对近十年湛江东海岛的地物分布产生剧烈影响，尤其是工业用地。本文基于2013 年、2017 年和2021 年的陆地卫星8 号（Landsat-8） 数据对湛江东海岛进行地物分类，研究该区域近十年的用地变化趋势。以2013 年数据为参照：采用归一化水体指数（Normalized Difference Water Index，NDWI） 模型和谱间关系模型实现水陆分离，比对选择分离效果较优者以提取东海岛岸线；对比最大似然法、神经网络法和支持向量机法3 种监督分类方法，选择提取地物效果最优者应用于其余数据。基于Google earth 在线地图及无人机实测数据构建验证点集，使用混淆矩阵进行精度评价。结果表明：谱间关系模型的水陆分离效果较优，提取海岛岸线的精确度有明显提升；支持向量机法的分类总体精度和Kappa 系数最高，分类结果能较好地反映研究区的真实地物分布；汇总三年数据的分类结果，发现用于发展工业的土地面积增长突出且处于持续增长趋势。谱间关系模型与支持向量机法分别实现了对东海岛岸线和地物类型的准确提取，得出近十年研究区的用地变化趋势，能为研究区的用地规划提供参考。     

Interannual and Intra-Monthly Fluctuations of the Wind Field and Sea Surface Temperature in the West African Upwelling Region Based on Satellite Data

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The relative intensity of fluctuations of the sea surface temperature and wind field in the West African upwelling region within a month (intra-monthly)...     

2008年东海海面WRF风场和QuikSCAT风场差异分析

为了分析海面风场资料的实用性,利用WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model)模拟了2008年东海海面风场,并比较了WRF模拟结果与QuikSCAT卫星散射计资料的差异.结果表明,两种资料均能反映东海海面风场的季节性变化特征,台风月风速偏差波动较大.分析四个台风个例发现,当台风较弱时,两种风场资料分布情况较一致;当台风较强时,两种资料均有不同程度的偏差,在近海区域,WRF模拟结果相比QuikSCAT资料更好地描述台风周围风场特征.     

The Western Boundary of the Equatorial Pacific Upwelling: Some Consequences of Climatic Variability on Hydrological and Planktonic Properties

The longitude of the western limit of the equatorial Pacific upwelling is a key parameter for studies of carbon budget and pelagic fisheries variability. Although it is well defined at the surface on the equator by a salinity front and a sharp variation of the partial pressure of CO₂, data from two equatorial cruises make it clear that this hydrological limit does not necessarily coincide with the boundary of the nitrate and chlorophyll enriched area. In January-February 1991 during a non-El Niño period, when trade winds and the South Equatorial current (SEC) were favorable to upwelling, the two limits were at the same longitude. Conversely, in September-October 1994 during El Niño conditions, when the equatorial upwelling had stopped, the nitrate and chlorophyll enriched zone was found a few degrees of longitude east of the hydrological boundary (5.5° at the surface and 2.5° for the 50 m upper layer), whereas no such offset was observed for zooplankton biomass. A simple model, based on the HNLC (High Nutrient - Low Chlorophyll) ecosystem functioning, was initialized with nitrate uptake measurements and estimates of upwelling break duration. The model results support the hypothesis that zonal separation of the limits arises from biological processes (i.e. nitrate uptake and phytoplankton grazing) achieved during that upwelling break.     

Seasonal Variability of the California Undercurrent: Statistical Analysis Based on the Trajectories of Floats with Neutral Buoyancy

The seasonal variation of the kinetic energy of the California Undercurrent and the eddy field in the region of this current are reconstructed by analyzing the trajectories of floats with neutral buoyancy (RAFOS) launched by the researchers of the Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California, USA) for 10 yr (since 1992). These data are processed by using a mathematical approach based on the combination of a procedure of averaging over cells and a special filtration approach with an aim to improve the statistical reliability of numerical calculations. The analysis of the accumulated data shows that the kinetic energy of the California Undercurrent has a well pronounced seasonal variation with two extrema in late spring and early autumn. The intensification of the California Undercurrent in autumn is accompanied by a decrease in its extension in the direction transverse to the coast. The eddy field of the California Undercurrent is especially intense in autumn. At depths of 300–600 m, the annual average kinetic energy of the eddy field increases with the distance from the coast up to about 127°W. Moreover, in this case, the zonal anisotropy of the eddy field increases.     

基于WOA13数据对亚南极锋的季节变化特征研究

海洋锋深刻反映着海洋环境要素的变化,研究海洋锋对渔业和水下声学的应用有着重要的参考价值。WOA13是一种平均格点化数据,对于研究海洋锋季节变化特征有着很好的优势。文中利用WOA13季节平均温度数据,选取0.25经纬度网格数据,对南极洲亚极地锋进行了季节变化特征研究。以绝对梯度的最大值连线画出锋线具体位置,对比不同季节断面T-D分布图的差异,得到了亚极地锋的锋面结构、强度等季节变化信息。