钦州湾水下动力地貌特征

钦州湾水下动力地貌主要有潮间浅滩、河口沙坝、潮沟、潮流沙脊、潮流冲刷深槽,水下拦门浅滩,水下斜坡、该文阐述钦州湾的入海河流、潮汐、潮流、波浪等水动力的基本特征,分析水下地貌类型的形成及其空间分布和沉积物组成,并探讨动力地貌形成原因与机理及海岸动态变化趋势。     

锦州湾滩地动力地貌特征及其冲淤变化

本文阐述了锦州湾滩地动力地貌特征,海滩剖面形变,潮滩微地貌类型与横向分带性;并采用潮滩剖面重复水准测量、新老海图对比和²¹⁰pb沉积速率测定等方法着重讨论了潮间浅滩和水下浅滩的冲淤变化。新老海图对比值为4-6mm/a,²¹⁰pb沉积速率测定为1-5mm/a,湾内泥沙输沙量估算为2-4mm/a,三个量值基本接近。     

钦州湾不同类型红树林土壤因子调查与分析

对钦州湾的红树林资源进行实地踏查后,选取中盐区光滩(CK1)和4个红树林类型、高盐区光滩(CK2)和2个红树林类型的土壤进行调查研究,测定土壤理化性状和养分等10个因子,并计算土壤肥力指数。结果表明:①不同类型的红树林土壤因子不同,只有高盐区3个样地的土壤pH值和容重没有显著差异,其他类型的各指标均存在显著差异;②与光滩相比,红树林能改变其生长的土壤理化性状,加重土壤盐渍化和酸化,有利于重金属的沉积,同时,也增加土壤有机质和养分含量,提高土壤肥力。     

河口海岸中长时间尺度动力地貌系统模拟研究与进展

我国河口海岸动力沉积和动力地貌研究以沉积学和地貌学的方法侧重静态描述,动力地貌相互作用的定量研究不多,与缺少动力地貌模型技术有关。本文介绍了中长时间尺度的河口海岸动力地貌模型技术及其发展和应用,讨论了决定动力地貌演变的泥沙余输运及引起泥沙余输运的主要动力因子,介绍了动力地貌模型的应用进展,进而分析了河口海岸地貌过程的机制和地貌平衡系统。本文指出对淤泥质及复杂动力条件下的河口海岸动力地貌过程还有待进一步研究。     

关于流水动力地貌及其实验模拟问题

流水动力地貌是地表水流运动过程与地球表层物质相互作用的产物，具有显著的环境效应。流水动力地貌学是界于流水动力学、泥沙力学及流水地貌学之间的新兴的富有生命力的边缘科学。运用基于牛顿力学相似论及系统论异构同功原理的物理模型可以有效地研究流水动力地貌特征、成因机制及作用过程。数学模拟与物理模型相互印证，开辟了一条富有发展前景的流水动力地貌研究途径。     

综合开发与可持续发展——广西壮族自治区环钦州湾地区发展问题研究

环钦州湾地区位于中国沿海地带的南部末端，西部大开发地带中的西南地区出海口，地缘政治经济地位显要突出。经历“九五”期间发展，这里已经成为中国西南地区经济快速成长的地区之一，与昆明、贵阳地区一起，形成为中国西南地区经济成长新三角。面对新挑战，环钦州湾地区要加强人才资源能力建设，依靠科技进步，将资源优势转化为经济强势，在区域一体化进程中受益，建设成为大西南出海主通道，对外开放窗口和口岸，海洋经济与高新技术产业基地、现代化的沿海港口城市群，增强区域发展的可持续性。     

广东深圳大鹏半岛海岸地貌特征

大鹏半岛位于广东省深圳市东部,海岸地貌类型多样,可分为基岩海岸、堆积海岸和生物海岸3大类型。文章根据野外调查和室内实验分析的结果论述了大鹏半岛海岸地貌类型、分布和成因,并在前人的研究基础上讨论了大鹏半岛海岸地貌演化过程：由于大鹏半岛处在构造隆升区,海岸类型以基岩海岸为主。多处基岩海岸保留了完好的海蚀崖、海蚀平台、海蚀槽穴、海蚀柱等各类典型的海蚀地貌。该半岛的堆积海岸主要发育于岩石岬角间的海湾内,在有河流流入的海湾处形成岬湾沙坝―澙湖海岸,在无河流的海岸处则形成湾顶海滩。半岛中段狭窄的呈哑铃状腰部的东岸,因深入内凹、波浪减弱,有淤泥质海岸发育;红树林发育于淤泥质海岸以及各澙湖内,而半岛周边浅海区有珊瑚群落生长。大鹏半岛以及邻近地区海岸地貌特征和海岸沉积物年代数据显示：1）地质构造与海平面升降是塑造该半岛海岸地貌的主要因素;2）该半岛的海岸地貌是在中全新世早期以后才开始发育的;3）该半岛全新世以来不存在强烈的地壳抬升;4）该半岛海岸中全新世出现过高于现代海平面的高海面。     

东江三角洲地貌特征

本文应用地貌学、年代学、沉积学、历史地理学等方法,讨论了东江三角洲的范围,分析了周边地貌和三角洲地貌的特征,研究了构造、气候、河流、海洋诸因素对地貌发育的影响,提出了地貌发育过程的5个阶段的新看法。     

烟台附近海岸风沙地貌的初步研究

在野外调查基础上,对烟台附近海岸风沙分布、风沙地貌类型及地貌发育过程进行了探讨。指出全新世海岸变迁是海岸风沙地貌发育的基础,6000aB.P.以来有5个风沙堆积期,前4个风沙堆积期与4个海平面下降期一致,第5风沙堆积期与小冰期一致。     

发展潜力视角的海岸带土地利用模式——以杭州湾南岸为例

基于海岸带土地利用的困境与本质解读,集成模糊综合评价、网络层次分析与GIS空间分析等方法构建海岸带土地发展潜力评价体系,依据土地发展潜力评价内容辨析海岸带土地利用模式的要素逻辑,诠释了海岸带土地利用类型优化、土地利用空间结构重组、空间管控策略之关联,提出了杭州湾南岸经济—生态协同型土地利用模式。研究发现：① 科学地测度经济发达区的海岸带经济与生态关系是评估海岸带土地效益的关键,采用反比例关系衡量土地生态与经济发展关系构建土地发展潜力评价体系的方法,可以有效地发现经济与生态的区域矛盾问题,为解决海岸带土地开发向生态敏感区拓展问题提供方法支持。② 杭州湾南岸极高潜力区和高潜力区占57.07%,中、低潜力区占42.93%,具有较高的发展潜力,呈南强北弱的分布格局。随着人工化地类面积逐渐趋少,自然化地类渐增,土地发展潜力分区呈现等级递减的规律。③ 凝练出经济—生态协同型海岸带土地利用模式是杭州湾南岸以经济发展为导向的海岸带土地利用的实践趋势与基本模式,构建该模式须遵循“稳定经济开发、严控生态保育、调控双向功能”为主线的海岸带土地利用类型优化、“陆海系统并行,多功能组团”为核心的土地利用空间结构重组方向、“生活—生产—生态”分段式协同管控的空间治理三重系统的逻辑体系。     

莱州湾东岸陆海相互作用与海岸缓冲区

提出了海岸缓冲区的概念。结合莱州湾东岸晚更新世以来陆海相互作用历史与近期变化,将海岸缓冲区分为古潟湖地貌限制型、开放型和人工海岸型3种基本类型,在横向上划分出3个缓冲带,对海岸缓冲区的结构与功能及缓冲区范围进行了研究。本研究对防范海岸带地质灾害、减轻灾害损失与海岸带资源与环境的可持续发展将起到积极的作用。     

莱州湾南岸滨海湿地变化及其原因分析

以1992年和2004年的TM遥感影像为数据源,从景观生态学角度,对1992年和2004年的莱州湾南岸湿地及其变化进行了研究。结果表明,与1992年相比,2004年研究区湿地面积减少了32．339km2,其中,自然湿地面积减少了246．189km2,而人工湿地面积却增加了213．851km2,至2004年,人工湿地面积已占研究区湿地总面积的78．22％;湿地景观多样性指数下降了0．1077,景观优势度指数和景观破碎化指数分别上升至0．109和0．0089。自然湿地被大面积垦殖,湿地淡水资源不足,大规模开采沿海卤水资源,环境污染加剧,风暴潮等自然灾害频发,是导致研究区自然湿地萎缩的主要因素。     

近40年辽东湾北部围垦区内外滨海湿地景观演替特征及驱动力分析

以辽东湾北部区为研究对象,利用1977~2014年Landsat卫星的5期遥感影像作为数据源,通过RS和GIS技术,分析研究区海岸线空间格局变化以及围垦区内外滨海湿地景观的演替路径与模式。结果表明：① 研究期内海岸线长度呈波动增长且整体表现为向海扩张趋势。1985~1993年和2002~2014年是辽东湾北部区海岸带显著发生向陆侵蚀和向海扩张时期,大凌河河口西岸和大辽河河口西岸的自然岸线大量转为人工岸线。② 围垦活动已经使研究区85%的自然滨海湿地转为人工滨海湿地和非湿地,景观破碎度不断增强,但在2002~2014年,芦苇、潮间带盐沼植被在围垦区外围逐渐生长,景观多样性持续增加。③ 在围垦区内部,传统的景观演替路径是自然滨海湿地-内陆盐植/芦苇-水产养殖/耕地-建设用地。然而,由于先进的围垦和快速脱盐技术,滨海湿地景观演替的路径不仅简化而且时间缩短。④ 不同的围垦强度和方式显著地影响区域景观格局的演变。加强保护大辽河西岸由水产养殖到内陆盐植的逆向演替以及双台子河河口两岸的湿地区域,对于区域生态环境改善具有重要意义。     

莱州湾南岸平原古湖泊的形成与演变

运用查阅历史文献，地层剖面分析、地名考证，卫片译等多种方法确证了莱州湾南岸古湖泊的存在，同时研究了它的形成与演变过程，莱州湾南岸有巨淀湖，黑冢泊，别画湖等古湖泊，它们形成于距今约6000年以前，系由河口湾泻湖演变而成，该区古湖泊经历了中全新世全盛期和晚全新世收缩期两个阶段，湖泊消亡的原因是气候变干，河道迁移，人类活动影响等，其中河道迁移是是主要原因。     

Environmental evolution in the salt-water intru-sion area south of Laizhou Bay since late Pleisto-cene

The south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay is one of the typical salt-water intrusion areas in China, the occurrence and development of which was closely related with the pa-laeoenvironment evolution. Systematic analyses of pollen, foraminifera and grain size com-position based on 14C and luminescence dating from two sediment cores were performed for the purpose of understanding the salt-water intrusion in the coastal plain of Laizhou Bay from the perspective of environmental evolution since late Pleistocene. It could be classified into seven evolution stages since 120 kaBP: 120–85 kaBP was a transition period from cold to warm; 85–76 kaBP was a period with warm and wet climate having swamp lakes developed in the lower reaches of the Weihe River, south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 76–50 kaBP was characterized by grassland vegetation and coarse sediments in terrestrial environment, which was the early stage of Dali Ice-Age; 50–24 kaBP was a period with alternate sea deposition in the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 24–10 kaBP was the late stage of Dali Ice-Age with coldest period of Quaternary, the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was dry grassland and loess deposition environment; 10–4 kaBP was another warm and wet climate period, sea level was high and regressed at 4 kaBP; and has been the modern sedimentary environment since 4 kaBP. Among the three warm stages, including 85–76 kaBP, 50–24 kaBP and 10–4 kaBP, corresponded to late Yangkou, Guangrao and Kenli seawater transgression respec-tively. The duration of the latter one in south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was longer than that in west coast of Bohai Sea and east coast of Laizhou Bay. The three periods of seawater transgression formed the foundation of salt-water intrusion in this area.     

莱洲湾南岸咸水入侵区晚更新世以来的古环境演变

The south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay is one of the typical salt-water intrusion areas in China, the occurrence and development of which was closely related with the palaeoenvironment evolution. Systematic analyses of pollen, foraminifera and grain size composition based on ^14C and luminescence dating from two sediment cores were performed for the purpose of understanding the salt-water intrusion in the coastal plain of Laizhou Bay from the perspective of environmental evolution since late Pleistocene. It could be classified into seven evolution stages since 120 kaBP： 120-85 kaBP was a transition period from cold to warm; 85-76 kaBP was a period with warm and wet climate having swamp lakes developed in the lower reaches of the Weihe River, south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 76-50 kaBP was characterized by grassland vegetation and coarse sediments in terrestrial environment, which was the early stage of Dali Ice-Age; 50-24 kaBP was a period with alternate sea deposition in the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 24-10 kaBP was the late stage of Dali Ice-Age with coldest period of Quaternary, the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was dry grassland and loess deposition environment; 10-4 kaBP was another warm and wet climate period, sea level was high and regressed at 4 kaBP; and has been the modern sedimentary environment since 4 kaBP. Among the three warm stages, including 85-76 kaBP, 50-24 kaBP and 10-4 kaBP, corresponded to late Yangkou, Guangrao and Kenli seawater transgression respectively. The duration of the latter one in south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was longer than that in west coast of Bohai Sea and east coast of Laizhou Bay. The three periods of seawater transgression formed the foundation of salt-water intrusion in this area.     

Ground water hydrochemical characteristics: seawater intruded area in eastern and southern coast of Laizhou Bay

Seawater intrusion is a special process of groundwater pollution. The contemporary seawater intrusion and buried paleobrine intrusion especially the latter in eastern and southern coasts of Laizhou Bay are the most representative ones in the world [1]. According to the research on seawater intrusion at home and abroad, In-depth studies on change process and mechanism of hydrochemical composition, while ion adsorption and exchange between the permeable stratum and groundwater are studied shall…     

Ground water hydrochemical characteristics:seawater intruded area in eastern and southern coast of Laizhou Bay

Eastern and southern coastal zones of Laizhou Bay are the most representative seawater intruded areas in the world, with two intrusion sources of contemporary seawater and paleobrine. In order to reveal the complicated hydrochemical changing process and the mechanism of fresh groundwater being polluted by saltwater, we conducted long-term observation and hydrochemical analysis at four observing sections of typical salt-fresh water transitional zone. The study indicates that seawater and brine intrusion processes have different hydrochemical features, and that ion exchange and adsorption actions between water and aquifer produce great influence on the intrusion.