北斗实时精密单点定位与精度分析

基于武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心播发的北斗实时轨道和钟差产品,采用攀达时空北斗双频手持接收机,通过实测数据分析了单北斗实时PPP的收敛时间和定位精度。测试结果表明,北斗双频手持机实时PPP收敛时间比GPS长约0.5h,但收敛后,可以达到分米级甚至厘米级的动态定位精度,与GPS实时PPP的定位精度相当。     

GPS接收机的校准及校准结果的不确定度评估

根据实际校准GPS接收机的经验,通过对GPS接收机的校准方法进行深入研究,结合实例,对校准过程中遇到的各种问题进行了分析探讨.     

手持GPS接收机不同坐标系参数转换

手持GPS接收机接收的WGS84经纬度坐标与我国的平面坐标系基准不统一,需要通过求解参数校正野外测点数据。将算法程序化,面向对象编程实现参数参数求解功能,方便野外地质调查人员随时校正手持机参数,准确获取地质测量数据。     

基于IGS和CORS技术对昆明GPS接收机校准基线进行设计

GPS接收机校准工作技术要求高,对校准基线的环境条件要求较严,特别是在中、长基线校准过程中易受外界环境条件干扰,校准的工作量大,重复检校率也较高。介绍了昆明GPS校准场现状,昆明IGS和CORS服务系统情况。根据昆明地区拥有国际IGS站和CORS系统的条件,对昆明6PS接收机校准场中长基线进行优化设计,其中长基线由原来的18条增加到49条,基线分布合理,最长边由现在的30km扩展到45km,有效地增加基线的数量和长度,对提高昆明GPS接收机校准基线的可靠性,有效避免在GPS检校过程中的一些不必要重测工作。昆明GPS接收机墩准基线进行优化设计后,预计可将GPS接收机校准外业工作效率提高25％－35％。     

基于数理统计学的手持GPS测量精度测定

手持GPS是一种依靠GPS卫星进行定位、导航、数据采集的测绘仪器,以其操作简单、便于携带,具有一定的测量精度,在油田的井位踏勘、道路巡检、井位导航、距离量算、概略坐标采集等勘探开发工作中,得到了十分广泛的应用。本文以数理统计学原理和测量误差理论为基础,对手持GPS实际采集的坐标数据进行了分析、处理、计算,求取了手持GPS接收机的定位精度和实际定位误差,为手持GPS的适用范围提供了参考。      

基于IGS和CORS站的GPS接收机校准基线网研究

GPS接收机校准工作技术要求高,对校准基线的环境条件要求较严,特别是在中长基线校准过程中易受外界环境条件干扰,校准的工作量大,重复检校率也较高。介绍IGS和CORS服务系统情况,在常规GPS校准基线点的基础上,将IGS KUNM站和部分KMCORS站纳入GPS接收机校准中长基线网,进行优化设计和测量。该校准基线网与常规基线网相比,校准基线数量成倍增加,长度显著延长,能有效地提高GPS接收机校准的准确性。     

手持 GPS 在钻孔放样中的应用

结合实际工作,对地质勘查过程中利用手持GPS接收机,进行钻孔放样的作业方法和步骤进行了详细阐述,提出了提高放样结果可靠性的措施与方法,文章是对实际工作的总结,对类似的测量工作具体一定的指导意义。     

GPS接收机校准研究与实践

GPS接收机校准对于保证测绘成果质量是十分重要的。从实践出发探讨了GPS接收机的校准内容及方法,对测前准备、测量过程及影响GPS基线解算质量的因素进行了分析,采取了有效措施,提高了检测质量,从而更好地提高了GPS校准精度。     

基于二次曲面的Shepard拟合法在GPS水准中的应用

针对GPS水准中常用拟合方法的不足,给出一种基于二次曲面的Shepard拟合法。通过某测区GPS水准实测数据,采用二次曲面拟合法、Shepard拟合法、多面函数法和基于二次曲面的Shepard拟合法对测区高程异常进行拟合,结果表明,基于二次曲面的Shepard拟合法计算得到的高程异常的精度和可靠性最高。     

手持GPS接收机用于农村土地产权调查的方法

阐述运用手持GPS接收机进行农村土地产权调查研究的方法，论证手持GPS接收机与GIS系统有机结合是开展农村土地利用现状调查最为有效的途径。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。