Study on the geological conditions of metallogenesis of the Shazi large-scale anatase deposit in Qinglong County,Guizhou Province

The Shazi large-scale anatase deposit in Qinglong County, Guizhou Province, has been discovered recently and now is under exploration. Investigations show that the orebodies mostly occur at the top of the karst unconformity of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation strata and at the bottom of the Emeishan basalt. And the following three prerequisites should be satisfied for the formation of the deposit： 1） there must be the material source of anatase; 2） there must be weekly alkaline media and low-tempeature and low-pressure conditions; 3） there was no high-temperature and high-pressure environment subsequently for the transformation of anatase into rutile. In the Emeishan basalt of western Guizhou, the element Ti mostly entered the silicon-oxygen tetrahedra of picrite in heterovalent isomorphism （Ti4＋＋Al3＋→Mg2＋＋Si4＋）. When volcanic ejecta resultant from strong eruption of the Emeishan basalt magma fell into water, picrite was usually dissociated to chlorite. Thus, the element Ti4＋ in the picrite could be released from the silicon-oxygen tetrahedraa of picrite into water, and conbined with oxygen in the water to form TiO2. This paper has proved that this deposit, enriched in anatase, discovered recently at Shazi, Qinglong Country, Guizhou Province, is a residual-deluvial-type deposit. Its genesis can be explained as follows. Volcanic clastics formed at the early stage of strong eruption of the Emeishan basalt magma were chemically deposited to form anatase in the low-temperature, low-pressure and weekly alkaline waters in the karst depressions at the top of the Maokou Formation （limestone） strata. The anatase was then dissociated owing to weathering and leaching during the Quaternary and the anatase was further enriched to form the residual-deluvial-type anatase ore deposit.     

黔西北威宁地区香炉山铜矿床地质地球化学特征及成因

黔西北威宁地区香炉山铜矿床赋存于峨眉山玄武岩组第三段(P3β3)顶部与宣威组(P3X)底部间的结合部位。本文采用主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和扫描电镜分析方法对其地质地球化学特征进行了研究,并探讨了矿床成因。结果表明:区内玄武岩属高钛的拉斑玄武岩,主量元素物源区特征图和微量元素分析结果表明其成岩、成矿物质来源与峨眉山玄武岩密切相关,同时又受到地壳物质的影响;稀土元素表现出轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾分配模式,Eu负异常以及log(δCe)-0.1表明矿床形成于还原环境;扫描电镜分析发现了α+β-Zn-Cu合金矿物,化学分子式为Cu0.78Zn0.47Fe0.06。结合区域地质背景和矿床地质特征,认为该铜矿床的形成不仅与火山作用和沉积成岩作用有关,而且还受到后期热液活动的影响。     

内蒙古羊蹄子山-磨石山锐钛矿矿床斜长角闪岩类的岩石学和地球化学特征

内蒙古羊蹄子山-磨石山是本项目组近几年来发现和勘查研究的一个以锐钛矿为主的沉积变质型钛矿床,是钛矿床的一个新的成因类型。矿体产于中元古代二道凹群变质岩〔(1751±8)Ma〕中,其围岩为石英绢云片岩、绢云石英片岩、变质(粉)砂岩和斜长角闪岩等。矿石实际上是富含锐钛矿等钛矿物和直闪石、黑云母的变质石英(粉)砂岩和片岩。斜长角闪岩是矿体的重要围岩之一,多呈似层状、透镜状产出,与矿体在时、空、成因上有密切关系。按矿物组合特征,斜长角闪岩可分为角闪岩、斜长角闪岩和斜长岩等3类。恢复其原岩,大致相当于苦橄玄武岩、玄武岩、玄武安山岩和粗面质安山岩。岩石化学和微量元素地球化学特征表明,它们主要属于活动大陆边缘岛弧和洋脊过渡带的拉班玄武岩类,而且岩石分异演化较彻底。矿体和斜长角闪岩都是海底基性火山活动的产物,后又遭受了区域变质作用。     

黔东南扒草金矿微量和稀土元素特征及其意义

扒草金矿产于黔东南下江群浅变质岩系中,是近年来新发现的金矿床。文章对其赋矿地层、蚀变围岩、不同成矿期石英脉的微量和稀土元素进行了研究。研究结果表明,赋矿地层与蚀变围岩的微量、稀土元素特征无差异。石英脉的稀土、微量含量低于地层和蚀变围岩,但其稀土元素配分模式、微量元素配分模式总体上与地层和蚀变围岩相似;所有样品在稀土元素三组分图中的投影均处于同一位置。不同成矿期石英脉对比发现,成矿早期石英脉的稀土配分模式与地层及蚀变围岩一致,而晚期石英脉的稀土元素配分模式发生了一些变化。即从早期到晚期,石英脉中W元素含量迅速降低,而V、Cr元素含量升高,特征值δTb、δTm由正异常变为负异常;微量元素曲线呈现地层、蚀变岩中的Sr均表现为负异常,而石英脉中大部分表现为Sr的正异常,少部分表现为负异常;石英脉的w(Y)/w(Ho)值与区域变质岩相似,但部分样品偏离区域变质岩的范围。总体认为,成矿物质主要来自于浅变质岩系,成矿流体主要为变质流体,但在晚期可能有其它流体的加入;石英脉富含LREE的同时富集部分HFSE,w(Th)/w(La)、w(Nb)/w(La)、w(Hf)/w(Sm)值均小于1,表明成矿流体为Cl-F-的流体体系;特征值δEu负异常、δCe无异常和w(Th)/w(U)值大于1.25,表明扒草金矿的成矿环境为还原环境。     

贵州晴隆大厂锑矿田固路锑矿床控矿因素分析

固路锑矿床位于晴隆大厂锑矿田中部,支氽向斜与黑山箐背斜夹持部位;矿体严格受地层、岩性、构造、岩相古地理及岩浆岩等因素控制;古地理环境控制了＂大厂层＂的厚度及其分布,构造控制了锑矿（化）体的分布,有利的岩性（岩相）提供了良好的容矿空间。     

Trace element and REE geochemistry of the Zhewang gold deposit,southeastern Guizhou Province,China

The quartz vein-type gold deposits are widely hosted by the Neoproterozoic （Xiajiang Group） epimeta- morphic clastic rock series in southeastern Guizhou Province, China. The Zhewang gold deposit studied in this paper occurs in the second lithologieal member of the Pinglue Formation of the Xiajiang Group. Trace element geochemis- try of host rocks, quartz veins and arsenopyrite has revealed that ore-forming fluid was enriched in sulphophile ele- ments such as Au, Ag, As, Sb, Pb and Zn, and simultaneously concentrated some magmaphile elements such as W and Mo, which probably provides some evidence for multi-stage mineralization or overprinting of magmatic hydro- therm. Quartz veins and arsenopyrite were characterized by depletion in HFSE and enrichment in LREE. Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La imply that the ore-forming fluid was probably a NaC1-H20 solution system enriched in more C1 than F; Th/U values reflect the strong reducibility of the ore-forming fluid, coincident with the sulfide assemblages. The values of Co/Ni reflect that magmatic fluids may have partly participated in the ore-forming process and Y/Ho values have proved that the ore-forming fluid was associated with metamorphism and exotic hydrotherm which has reformed former quartz veins during late mineralization. The concentrations of REE, Eu anomalies and Ce anomalies of this deposit display that ore-forming elements mainly were derived from host rocks and possibly from a mixed deep source, and the ore-forming fluid was mixed by dominant metamorphic fluid and minor other sources. The physical-chemical conditions of ore-forming fluid changed from the initial stage to the late stage. The metamorphic fluid is responsible for the mineralization. Therefore, the Zhewang gold deposit is classified as a quartz vein-type gold deposit which may have been reformed by magmatic fluids during the late stage.     

Geological and geochemical characteristics in the paleo-weathering crust sedimentary type REE deposits,western Guizhou,China

A supergene REE deposit closely interrelated with the weathering of the Emeishan basalt formation was produced in the Xuanwei formation, the overlying stratum of the late Permian Emeishan basalt formation in West Guizhou, China. The host strata consist primarily of offwhite kaolinite clay rock and/or grayish black carbonaceous shale. Mineralogical analyses reveal that kaolinites are the major minerals in REE ores with small amounts of smectite, illite, boehmite, hornblende, pyrophyllite, calcite, dolomite and/or iron-bearing minerals, with a certain proportion of feldspar, quartz crystal debris and noncrystal debris. Geochemical analyses reveal high enrichment of trace elements like Cu, Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. The host strata feature considerable lithological variability, close interrelation of the REE grade with the lithology and uneven spatial distribution of the REE ores, which are mostly found in Lufang, Maojiaping and Zhangsigou profiles of Weining County and can be as thick as 20 m. Of the five stratigraphic profiles, 48% have their whole-rock ∑REE higher than 1000 ppm. The REE in this framework consists primarily of ion adsorbed phases and REE-rich residual independent mineral phases. Comprehensive analyses suggest that the source may not only include the Emeishan basalt, but the intermediate acid volcanic rocks evolved from the Emeishan basalt in the later periods; the hydrothermal alteration subsequently imposed on the host strata might have boosted the mineralization of the rare earth. The preliminary genetic model should have been: the denudation product from the weathering of the parent rock was migrated to the sea-continental margin at the continent side carrying huge quantities of REE with it and was preserved by the quick marine transgression. The host strata consist primarily of kaolinite clay rock and/or carbonaceous shale, which are so far believed to be a sedimentary type REE deposit closely interrelated with weathering effect.     

山东昌邑莲花山铁矿矿床地质与矿石稀土、微量元素特征

莲花山铁矿位于昌邑-安丘铁成矿带的中部,铁矿体赋存于古元古代粉子山群小宋组中。本文通过矿石地球化学特征及其与矽卡岩矿物组合和赋矿围岩结构特征的对比研究,证明了莲花山铁矿与条带状铁矿相似。莲花山铁矿矿石稀土元素含量较低,经页岩标准化的稀土元素配分模式呈现轻稀土元素亏损、重稀土元素富集的特征,具有明显的Eu、Y、La异常,为无明显Ce异常,Y/Ho比值反映了在其沉积时受到海水作用的影响,表明莲花山铁矿的稀土元素来源于火山热液和海水的混合溶液。微量元素中Ti、V、Co、Ni、Mn、Sr、Ba等含量较低,原始地幔标准化的微量元素配分曲线显示,U、La、Hf呈正异常,Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr呈负异常,SiO2/Al2O3、Ti/V、Ni/Co、和Sr/Ba的比值指示了莲花山铁矿成矿物质来源于火山物质的沉积。研究结果表明,莲花山铁矿成矿作用源于火山热液与海水的混合,成矿物质来自火山沉积物,其地质与地球化学特征与五台山铁矿一致,为火山沉积变质型铁矿床。     

山东大庄子金矿微量元素特征及深部成矿远景

大庄子金矿床位于胶莱盆地与胶北地体接触带的北缘,有含金蚀变岩和含金石英脉2种矿石类型。对大庄子金矿微量元素特征的系统研究表明：大庄子金矿成矿过程主要处于中低温阶段,与Au元素关系最密切的是代表中温成矿阶段的Pb,Zn,Ag,Cu元素,以及代表低温成矿阶段的Hg元素,Au元素与低温微量元素的相关性大于与高温微量元素的相关性;大庄子金矿形成后遭受剥蚀作用不是很强,目前所开采部位主要是整个矿体的上部,其深部还有可供开采的资源量。     

贵州都匀大亮锌矿床闪锌矿稀土元素地球化学特征及其指示意义北大核心CSCD

贵州都匀大亮锌矿床是牛角塘铅锌矿田的重要组成部分,目前所开采的对象为近年来在“陡倾斜带”中新发现的矿体,其研究还十分薄弱。本研究采用ICP-MS测试技术,对大亮锌矿闪锌矿进行了稀土元素测试,以揭示该矿床成矿作用。结果表明,10件闪锌矿样品的ΣREE值低,质量分数为(0.15~0.40)×10^(-6)(平均0.24×10^(-6))。样品的LREE/HREE值变化范围为7.07~15.76(平均10.95),(La/Yb)_(N)值范围为4.75~28.57(平均11.54),(La/Sm)_(N)值为2.16~6.01(平均3.49),(Gd/Yb)^(N)值为0.34~3.68(平均1.67)。闪锌矿样品稀土元素呈现轻稀土富集的右倾模式,且轻稀土元素的分异程度远远高于重稀土元素。样品具有显著Eu正异常(δEu为6.60~54.29,平均18.10),无明显的Ce异常(δCe主要为0.93~1.09,平均1.01)。闪锌矿轻稀土富集及显著Eu正异常的特点表明,其稀土元素为矿石初始沉淀时从成矿热液中继承而来,未明显受到后期地质作用的影响。稀土元素特征表明该闪锌矿形成于较低温度和极强还原条件。大亮锌矿闪锌矿Y/Ho比值为11.33~32.17(平均22.71),与区域矿床及地层的对比表明成矿物质主要来自下伏地层,可能有少量来自赋矿围岩。     

新疆511铀矿床微量元素富集特征研究

通过对砂岩铀矿体及其围岩中的Se、Re、Ga、Ge、V、Mo和U等元素的测试与分析,文章系统研究了511砂岩型铀矿床中主要微量元素的富集特征。结果表明：511铀矿床中,Se、Re、Ga、Ge、V、Mo等微量元素存在不同程度的富集,其中Se、Re、Ga的富集达到综合利用工业品位;微量元素空间分布受层间氧化带控制且具有规律性,沿层间氧化作用方向,依次出现Se-Re（＋Gc）-Mo-V等分带;Re与U具有较好的相关性,Se、Re元素对砂岩铀矿找矿具有重要指示意义。511铀矿床是一个与层间氧化带有关的多元素聚集的复合矿床。     

印度尼西亚Buti铜矿的土壤地球化学特征与成矿预测

文章通过分析印度尼西亚Buti铜矿的地质地球化学特征,圈定出5个矿致综合异常,并对可能富集成矿的异常进行成矿潜力评价,最后认定3个综合异常BT2,BT4和BT5具有寻找斑岩型和低温热液型铜-金矿的潜力。     

贵州簸箕田金矿单矿物稀土元素和同位素地球化学特征

簸箕田金矿位于灰家堡背斜东头倾覆端,是灰家堡卡林型金矿田重要的组成部分。金矿床具有低温成矿特征,出现硅化、白云石化、黄铁矿化等围岩蚀变和特征的Au-As-Hg元素组合。成矿期方解石具有MREE富集和正Eu异常特点,显示矿热液是一种MREE相对富集以及具有正Eu异常的还原性流体,来源于深部或至少经历过对富含斜长石源区的水-岩反应。成矿期方解石的δ~(13)C为-6‰～-0.1‰,成矿期后方解石的δ~(13)C为0.2‰～3.2‰,显示成矿期碳来源于地幔碳和地层碳的混合,成矿期后碳主要来自于地层。矿床硫同位素变化于0.73‰～5.86‰,组成均一化较高,具有接近幔源硫的特征,反映了成矿物质可能主要来自于深源岩浆。总之我们推测成矿物质主要来源于深部,在燕山期区域构造作用下沿深大断裂上涌,当成矿流体运移至背斜核部时,由于成矿条件的聚变,金被快速富集沉淀,形成簸箕田金矿床。     

江西永平Cu-W矿床白钨矿地球化学特征及其对矿床成因的指示

江西永平Cu-W矿床是钦杭成矿带东部一个大型Cu-W矿床。针对该矿床的成因,一直存在着海底喷流沉积型与矽卡岩型矿床的争论。文章针对该争论,通过对永平Cu-W矿床的白钨矿开展微量元素分析,研究了成矿流体性质、来源和矿床成因。永平Cu-W矿床发育3种类型白钨矿:退化蚀变阶段暗色均质白钨矿Ⅰ-1;亮色均质白钨矿Ⅰ-2;石英-硫化物阶段具有环带结构的白钨矿Ⅱ。白钨矿中Mo含量和Eu异常能够指示成矿流体氧化还原性。白钨矿Ⅰ-1富集Mo元素,并呈负Eu异常,指示氧化性;白钨矿Ⅰ-2和白钨矿Ⅱ中Mo含量减少,并且呈正Eu异常,指示成矿流体的氧逸度降低。永平Cu-W矿床所有白钨矿均呈明显的轻稀土元素富集模式,与典型矽卡岩型白钨矿稀土元素特征相一致,而明显不同于石英脉型矿床白钨矿中稀土元素或重稀土元素富集模式。白钨矿具有高Mo和低Sr元素,与岩浆-热液白钨矿特征一致,而明显不同于变质来源的白钨矿,指示成矿流体来源于岩浆。白钨矿的Y/Ho比值范围为19～43,与似斑状黑云母花岗岩(Y/Ho=25～30)相似,明显不同于石炭系叶家湾组(Y/Ho=34～75),指示成矿流体主要来源于岩浆。白钨矿地球化学特征指示永平Cu-W矿床为矽卡岩型矿床。     

贵州省兴仁县紫木凼金矿床地球化学勘查模型

系统研究了紫木凼金矿床不同比例尺勘查结果的地质、地球化学资料,建立了紫木凼金矿床的区域(1：20万)、矿田(1:5万)和矿床(1：1万)3种尺度的地球化学勘查模型。对1：20万区域化探异常评价具有一定的借鉴意义。     

五龙沟金矿区域地球化学异常特征及找矿标志

本文以地质及区域地球化学资料为基础，通过对五龙沟金矿区域地质—地球化学异常特征和找矿标志的研究；建立了该矿床的区域地球化学异常模型及找矿标志。对已取得的大量1：20万区域化探异常的筛选和评价，以及进一步提高金矿化探普查效果，均具有一定的积极意义。     

泥堡金矿床载金含砷黄铁矿的微量元素LA-ICP-MS原位测定及其对矿床成因的指示意义

泥堡金矿床为黔西南地区新近发现的又一个重要的卡林型金矿床,显微镜下观察和电子探针分析显示,含砷黄铁矿是其主要的载金矿物。在详细的野外调研和室内观察的基础上,将该矿床中的载金含砷黄铁矿分为3种类型,即环带状含砷黄铁矿(PyⅠ)、胶状含砷黄铁矿(PyⅡ)和生物结构状含砷黄铁矿(PyⅢ)。电子探针和LA-ICP-MS原位主微量元素测定结果显示,PyⅠ明显存在继承核和增生环带,内核富S、Fe,贫Au、As、Ag、Cu等中低温成矿元素,为沉积成因或成矿前热液成因黄铁矿;增生环带则相对贫S、Fe,富Au、As、Ag、Cu等中低温成矿元素,为主成矿期热液成因黄铁矿。PyⅡ和PyⅢ均为均质结构,具有富Au、As、Ag、Cu等中低温成矿元素及贫S、Fe的特点,类似PyⅠ的增生环带,应与PyⅠ的增生环带为同一成因类型,可能是同期形成的。毒砂中普遍富As,而贫Au、Ag、Hg、Cu等元素,应为成矿热液晚期的结晶产物。综合分析认为,泥堡金矿床载金矿物的结晶顺序为:贫砷的沉积成因或早阶段热液成因黄铁矿(PyⅠ内核)→含砷黄铁矿颗粒+含砷黄铁矿环带(PyⅠ增生环带)→毒砂。矿床中Au、Ag、As、Cu等成矿物质主要来自于燕山晚期的岩浆热液系统。     

Geochemical studies on Dachang antimony ore deposit in Qinglong, Guizhou Province

The Dachang antimony deposit in Qinglong,Guizhou Province,is strictly controlled by the “Dachang Layer” which is a complex altered rock occurring at unconformity between the Permian Emeishan basalt and the Maokou limestone.Based on the studies of the hanging-and foot-wall rocks,the trace elements and REE contents of the rocks and ores and heavy placer minerals in the basalt,this paper is focused on the relations between these data and the “Dachang Layer”and its hanging- and oot-wall rocks.The author pointed out that the “Dachang Layer” and basalt are the source-beds of antimony;ilmenite and magnetite are the major mineral carriers of antimony.In the processes of halmyrosis and burial metamorphism of the “Dachang Layer” an basalt,antimony was mobilized along with the mobilization of iron and was preliminarily concentrated in the“ Dachang Layer”.     

贵州滥木厂金汞铊矿床地质地球化学特征及其地质意义北大核心CSCD

黔西南滥木厂矿床是世界上罕见的汞(大型)-铊(大型)-金(小型)多金属矿床,具有独特的成矿元素分带现象。本文通过系统研究滥木厂矿床金、汞-铊、汞、铊矿石及围岩样品的主量、微量及稀土元素地球化学特征,对比分析不同类型矿化的成矿环境,以探讨成矿元素共生分离机制。研究表明,相对于滥木厂矿床的围岩样品,同岩性的各类矿化岩石的SiO_(2)含量显著增加,CaO和MgO含量之和明显降低,表明成矿过程中伴随广泛的硅化和去碳酸盐化作用,K_(2)O-Al_(2)O_(3)投图表明区内存在显著的高岭石化作用。各类矿石与围岩均显示Au、As、Sb、Hg、T1和轻稀土富集特征,且具有相似的稀土配分模式;但成矿元素分布于不同的特征因子中,并表现出富集程度的差异,表明成矿物质继承了原岩的部分地球化学特征,在成矿过程中发生了分离。Y/Ho比值在金矿石中普遍高于28,在其它矿化类型岩石中均低于28,反映金成矿热液富含氟络合物,汞和铊成矿热液以碳酸氢根的络合物为主。各类矿石通常具有Ce正异常,铊、汞-铊和金矿石普遍显示Eu正异常,汞矿石呈现轻微的Eu负异常,表明成矿环境处于相对氧化的状态,并具氧化还原波动性。综合元素地球化学特征与收集的碳、氢、氧、硫、铅同位素成果,认为滥木厂矿床金、汞、铊矿化的成矿物质及成矿流体具有多源性,各类矿化在温度、氧逸度、酸碱性及配合物类型等方面的差异可能是成矿元素产生分异的重要原因。     

Rb-Sr isotopic dating of sphalerite from the giant Huize Zn-Pb ore field,Yunnan Province,Southwestern China

The giant Huize Zn-Pb ore field in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, comprises the Qilinchang and Kuangshanchang deposits. The deposits are large in scale (more than 5 Mt of Zn and Pb) and high in grade (average grade of total Zn and Pb is 30%). Reported in this paper are the results of Rb-Sr isotopic dating of sphalerite from this ore field. Two precise ages (223.5±3.9 Ma and 226±6.4 Ma) have been obtained from two isochrons. These two ages are close to the reported ages of native copper mineralizations...