新型主动变刚度阻尼器的滑动模态控制及仿真分析

设计出一种新型主动变刚度阻尼装置,该装置可向受控结构提供两种等效刚度,使受控结构能主动地避开地震动卓越频率而永远处于非共振的状态。基于变结构控制理论的滑动模态控制算法,推导了该新型阻尼器的两种开关控制律。仿真分析结果表明,这种新型主动变刚度阻尼器的减震效果是非常明显的,可取得明显优于被动控制的减震效果。两种控制律中,连续型滑动模态控制律可以更充分地发挥该新型阻尼器的性能,取得更好的控制效果。     

Seismic response of controlled structures with active multiple tuned mass dampers

Active multiple tuned mass dampers （referred to as AMTMD）, which consist of several active tuned mass dampers （ATMDs） with identical stiffness and damping coefficients but varying mass and control force, have recently been proposed to suppress undesirable oscillations of structures under ground acceleration. It has been shown that the AMTMD can remarkably improve the performance of multiple tuned mass dampers （MTMDs） and is also more effective in reducing structure oscillation than single ATMDs. Notwithstanding this, good performance of AMTMD （including a single ATMD illustrated from frequency-domain analysis） may not necessarily translate into a good seismic reduction behavior in the time-domain. To investigate these phenomena, a three-story steel structure model controlled by AMTMD with three ATMDs was implemented in SIMULINK and subjected to several historical earthquakes. Likewise, the structure under consideration was assumed to have uncertainty of stiffness, such as 4-15% of its initial stiffness, in the numerical simulations. The optimum design parameters of the AMTMD were obtained in the frequency-domain by implementing the minimization of the minimum values of the maximum dynamic magnification factors （DMF） of general structures with AMTMD. For comparison purposes, response analysis of the same structure with a single ATMD was also performed. The numerical analysis and comparison show that the AMTMD generally renders better effectiveness when compared with a single ATMD for structures subjected to historical earthquakes. In particular, the AMTMD can improve the effectiveness of a single ATMD for a structure with an uncertainty of stiffness of 4-15% of its initial stiffness.     

Seismic response of weakly laterally inhomogeneous structure

Summary The seismic response (the transfer properties) of a model consisting of two layers above a homogeneous halfspace, with curved interfaces and continuously laterally varying velocity within the layers is investigated assuming vertical plane SH-wave incidence from below. The frequency response and the synthetic seismograms are computed by the ray and matrix methods. The dependence of the seismic response on the prevailing frequencies of the incident wave, the role of the individual layers in forming the seismic response, as well as the effect of causal absorption are studied.

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Seismic response assessment of a stiff structure

Seismic response of a lightly reinforced stiff shear‐wall structure subjected to ground motions grouped as near‐ or far‐field according to their distance to causative faults is investigated. A model structure that had earlier been studied both experimentally and analytically in the context of a co‐ordinated research project is re‐examined. The structure is a five‐storey lightly reinforced shear‐wall model subjected analytically to 55 ground motion records from firm soil sites. Several response parameters are obtained by linear and non‐linear analyses. Additional analyses are performed to ascertain the validity and range of applicability of current approximate displacement‐based analysis procedures. The procedures considered in this study are found to be inadequate in representing the anticipated response of the structure employed here regardless of the type of excitation, so modifications are suggested for improved results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic response of isolated bridges with soil–structure interaction

The modern transportation facilities demand that the bridges are to be constructed across the gorges that are located in seismically active areas and at the same time the site conditions compel the engineers to rest the pier foundation on soil. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the peak responses of three-span continuous deck bridge seismically isolated by the elastomeric bearings. The emphasis has been placed on gauging the significance of physical parameters that affect the response of the system and identify the circumstances under which it is necessary to include the SSI effects in the design of seismically isolated bridges. The soil surrounding the foundation of pier is modelled by frequency independent coefficients and the complete dynamic analysis is carried out in time domain using complex modal analysis method. In order to quantify the effects of SSI, the peak responses of isolated and non-isolated bridge (i.e. bridge without isolation device) are compared with the corresponding bridge ignoring these effects. A parametric study is also conducted to investigate the effects of soil flexibility and bearing parameters (such as stiffness and damping) on the response of isolated bridge system. It is observed that the soil surrounding the pier has significant effects on the response of the isolated bridges and under certain circumstances the bearing displacements at abutment locations may be underestimated if the SSI effects are not considered in the response analysis of the system.     

新型钢板剪力墙钢框架结构的地震响应分析

本文在单片带缝钢板剪力墙理论研究的基础上,提出带缝钢板剪力墙的等效计算模型,对钢板剪力墙钢框架结构工程实例结构进行自振特性分析、常遇地震作用下的动力响应分析以及结构在罕遇地震作用下的三维非线性时程响应分析,得到一些有意义的结果和结论。     

考虑流固耦合的水中结构物地震反应方法

基于运动控制体的雷诺输运定理,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉描述推导控制流体运动的Navier-Stokes方程;提出考虑流固耦合效应的水中结构物地震反应计算方法,并以水中垂直板的地震反应为例,阐明流固耦合体系的求解方法.分析地震动频率和水深对场地土-结构-流水构成的流固耦合系统动力反应的影响,结果表明:采用不可压缩流算法的Navier-Stokes方程能够合理模拟流场的位形变化,并保证流固耦合计算的收敛;考虑流固耦合作用使得结构地震反应幅值明显增大,并使频谱特性发生改变;水深对流固耦合效应的影响较大,并具有明显的非线性特征.     

Actual seismic response controlled building with semi-active damper system

This paper presents the first application of a semi-active damper system to an actual building. The Semi-active Hydraulic Damper (SHD) can produce a maximum damping force of 1000 kN with an electric power of 70 W. It is compact, so a large number of them can be installed in a single building. It is thus possible to control the building's response during a severe earthquake, because a large control force is obtained in comparison with a conventional active control system. This paper outlines the building, the control system configuration, the SHD, the control method using a Linear Quadratic Regulator, the response analysis results of the controlled building, and the dynamic loading test results of the actual SHD. The simulation analysis shows that damage to buildings can be prevented in a severe earthquake by SHD control. The dynamic loading test results of the SHD are reported, which show that the specified design values were obtained in the basic characteristic test. The control performance test using simulated response time histories, also shows that the damping force agrees well with the command. Finally, it is confirmed that the semi-active damper system applied to an actual building effectively controls its response in severe earthquakes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

强震观测建筑结构的地震反应分析

选择取得强震观测资料的建筑结构为研究对象，采用有限元法建立结构的动力反应分析模型，利用SAP2000程序分析了结构的地震反应，并同实际记录到的结构地震反应进行了对比分析，讨论了结构模型参数估计和一些不确定因素对模型精度的影响。     

分层土-隧道相互作用体系地震响应分析

为研究地震作用下非均质场地各个土层放大效应以及分层土-隧道的地震响应,以大连某实际工程为背景,基于地震作用下隧道结构动力响应的理论,采用收敛约束法,通过ABAQUS构建分层土-隧道三维有限元模型,并结合振动台试验,验证模拟的准确性;将自由场与有隧道场地进行对比,并结合加速度和傅里叶曲线对模拟数据进行分析。结果表明：(1)土体性质和激励大小对地震波的传递有影响,随着场地由浅到深逐渐增加,峰值加速度逐渐放大,不同分层介质的主要频率和频谱形状发生明显变化;(2)隧道会放大远场的加速度响应,略微降低近场的动力响应;(3)软弱夹层的存在对地震动的放大作用也有明显影响,不同分层介质的不同特性导致土层刚度不同,从而影响地震作用下层状土-隧道的动力相互作用。     

不同底面积与埋深的结构-土体系地震反应分析

对结构-土相互作用体系中结构基础底面积和结构基础埋深对体系地震反应的影响进行了研究.基于有限元分析方法建立了结构-土相互作用三维计算模型,通过改变结构底面积及基础埋深在不同地震动下进行了地震反应分析.结果表明,考虑相互作用时,在同一种地震动作用下,结构顶层总位移及基础转动随着结构底面积的增大而明显减小,上部结构本身位移在总位移中所占比例随着底面积的增加而增大;底面积相同,结构顶层总位移及基础转动均随着埋置深度的增大而减小,上部结构本身位移在总位移中所占比例随着埋置深度的增加而增大.比较不同特性的地震动,不同底面积及埋深结构顶层总位移、基础转动、基础平动和结构自身位移的变化规律趋势相同.     

悬垂管道跨越结构地震反应分析

管道悬垂是一种简单且应用广泛的管线跨越方式,水流冲刷等地质灾害也会造成埋地管线部分悬空。本文充分考虑了管-土相互作用和支座非线性因素的影响,采用非线性增量有限元方法对悬垂管道跨越结构在地震作用下的反应进行了分析。     

电梯轿厢和导轨耦合系统的地震响应分析

为了研究电梯的抗震性能,本文以电梯轿厢体-轿厢架-导轨耦合系统为研究对象,利用Lagrange方程和柔性动力学分别建立了轿厢体-轿厢架振动模型和导轨振动模型,并通过导靴与导轨之间的接触力,得到了轿厢体-轿厢架-导轨耦合振动方程.研究在地震激励作用下电梯轿厢和导轨耦合系统的地震响应.结果表明,轿厢体-轿厢架-导轨耦合模型可以反映出电梯轿厢、轿厢架和导轨之间的耦合振动以及模拟导靴与导轨的接触或脱离的关系.研究成果为电梯的抗震设计提供了一种有效的分析方法.     

Seismic response of selective pallet racks isolated with friction pendulum bearing system

The concept of base isolation for storage racks is still a developing subject and has not been addressed in the recently updated seismic codes for storage racks. The friction pendulum bearing system(FPS) generates a natural period independent of the structure’s seismic mass. This property makes FPS an ideal choice for isolating rack structures since merchandise may be placed on the racks in several possible arrangements. The results of a comprehensive parametric study aimed at evaluating the sei...     

液压阻尼系统（HDS）控制立式钢制储罐地震响应分析

本文采用液压阻尼系统（HDS）控制立式圆柱钢制储罐的地震反应，建立了安装HDS储罐的力学分析模型，并进行了数值计算，从频域对安装HDS后储罐的地震响应进行了分析，研究了HDS的减震效果和HDS和HDS参数对储罐地震反应的影响。     

大跨度空间网格结构在地震行波作用下的响应

本文对地震行波三向正交分量分别独立作用和联合作用下的大跨度空间网格结构的地震响应（包括结构控制点的位移，杆件内力，柱底弯矩等）进行了数值分析，结果表明，与一致地震振动相比，地震动的行波效应可使大跨度空间网格结构的控制点位移增大21%，柱脚弯矩增大79%，杆件内力增大100%，因此，在大跨度空间结构的抗震分析中必须进行详细的抗震分析。     

卵形消化池-桩-土相互作用地震反应分析

本文对卵形消化池-桩-土相互作用进行地震反应分析。从分枝模态——二步分析法的基本概念入手,将卵形消化池简化为振动特性和实际结构相同的简化结构,求得上、下部结构之间的耦合项,将耦合项和地震动一起组成修正地震动,以此作为刚性地基上卵形消化池地震反应分析的地震输入,从而求得考虑相互作用影响的卵形消化池地震反应。计算结果表明,在罕遇地震作用下,虽然部分土体进入塑性,池体仍处于弹性工作阶段,并且考虑相互作用影响后得到的卵形消化池地震反应,无论是池体位移还是池壁内力均要小于不考虑相互作用的。本文为解决复杂的卵形消化池-桩-土相互作用问题提供了一种较为实用的分析方法。     

Seismic response evaluation of the linked column frame system

The linked column frame (LCF) system is proposed as a seismic load resisting system that uses conventional components to limit seismic damage to relatively easily replaced elements. The LCF features a primary lateral system, denoted the linked column, which is made up of dual columns connected with replaceable links, and a secondary flexible moment frame system with beams having fully restrained connections at one end and simple connections at the other. The linked columns are designed to limit seismic forces and provide energy dissipation via link yielding, while preventing damage to the moment frame under certain earthquake hazard levels. A design procedure is proposed that ensures plastic hinges develop in the links of the linked columns at a significantly lower story drift than when plastic hinges develop in the moment frame beams. The large drift difference helps enable design of this system for two distinct performance states: rapid return to occupancy, where only link damage occurs and relatively simple link replacement is possible, and collapse prevention, where both the links and the beams of the moment frame may be damaged. A series of 3‐story, 6‐story, and 9‐story prototype LCF buildings were designed using the proposed design approach. Nonlinear models were developed for the designs with the link models validated using recent experimental results. The seismic response of these systems was investigated for ground motions representing various seismic hazard levels. Results show that the LCF system not only provides collapse prevention, but also has the capability of limiting economic loss by reducing structural damage and allowing for rapid return to occupancy following earthquakes with shorter return periods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

偏心形式对偏心结构扭转耦联地震响应的影响

质量偏心和刚度偏心是结构偏心的两种重要形式,从单层无阻尼结构体系地震作用下的一般振动方程出发,推导得到了不同偏心形式的结构考虑地震动扭转分量时的振动方程。在此基础上,编制相应程序对典型算例进行了数值计算,分析了结构的偏心形式、偏心率、侧扭周期比、结构周期、结构尺寸以及地震动扭转分量对偏心结构扭转耦联地震响应的影响规律。分析结果表明:结构的偏心形式对结构扭转耦联响应影响较大,不可忽视,同时地震动转动分量对结构平扭耦联响应也存在一定的影响。