地震台阵上信号方位角和慢度的时、频域估计方法比较

地震台阵常用频率-波数分析法来估计地震信号的后方位角和慢度。尽管有关的算法是众所周知的,但不同的实现在某些情况下可能导致不同的结果。如应用在宽频带的澳大利亚WRA台阵的记录时,标准的f-k分析方法往往给出不正确的结果。本文发现错误是由FFT的频谱泄漏效应引起的,如在进行FFT之前对原始数据进行高通滤波则可以有效地避免这样的错误。进一步对在时域中直接估算信号方位角和慢度的一种算法进行了分析,比较发现时域方法的计算速度和精度都不低于频域方法,且在某些低信噪比的情况下,前者可以给出更可靠的结果。     

Stability of the time‐domain analysis method including a frequency‐dependent soil–foundation system

A number of methods have been proposed that utilize the time‐domain transformations of frequency‐dependent dynamic impedance functions to perform a time‐history analysis. Though these methods have been available in literature for a number of years, the methods exhibit stability issues depending on how the model parameters are calibrated. In this study, a novel method is proposed with which the stability of a numerical integration scheme combined with time‐domain representation of a frequency‐dependent dynamic impedance function can be evaluated. The method is verified with three independent recursive parameter models. The proposed method is expected to be a useful tool in evaluating the potential stability issue of a time‐domain analysis before running a full‐fledged nonlinear time‐domain analysis of a soil–structure system in which the dynamic impedance of a soil–foundation system is represented with a recursive parameter model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

提高海洋可控源电磁法信噪比的方法研究

海洋可控源电磁法(MCSEM)资料解释技术在过去几年时间里飞速发展,但是海底噪声的存在严重影响了海洋可控源电磁资料的解释精度.本文根据国内外文献总结了压制MCSEM噪声的两种方法:时域滤波方法和噪声估计方法.通过对模拟数据的处理,验证了这两种方法在压制噪声中的应用效果.结果表明:时域滤波和噪声估计方法能够较好的压制背景噪声,提高处理结果的信噪比.     

复阻尼振动方程频域解法中有关问题的研究

以地震反应谱的形式，阐述了复阻尼系统在频域求解过程中容易出现的问题。通过理论与计算分析得知，这些问题对反应谱计算有很大的影响。另外，还初步分析了时域精确法及频域分析方法的计算效率，认为时域精确法比频域分析方法的计算效率高。     

Dynamic interaction numerical models in the time domain based on the high performance scaled boundary finite element method

Consideration of structure-foundation-soil dynamic interaction is a basic requirement in the evaluation of the seismic safety of nuclear power facilities. An efficient and accurate dynamic interaction numerical model in the time domain has become an important topic of current research. In this study, the scaled boundary finite element method （SBFEM） is improved for use as an effective numerical approach with good application prospects. This method has several advantages, including dimensionality reduction, accuracy of the radial analytical solution, and unlike other boundary element methods, it does not require a fundamental solution. This study focuses on establishing a high performance scaled boundary finite element interaction analysis model in the time domain based on the acceleration unit-impulse response matrix, in which several new solution techniques, such as a dimensionless method to solve the interaction force, are applied to improve the numerical stability of the actual soil parameters and reduce the amount of calculation. Finally, the feasibility of the time domain methods are illustrated by the response of the nuclear power structure and the accuracy of the algorithms are dynamically verified by comparison with the refinement of a large-scale viscoelastic soil model.     

计算地震初至波视出射角方法

在理论上证明了使用地震初至波位移、速度或加速度记录资料在时间域或频率域计算视出射角,使视出射角计算不受位移记录及时间域限制。在干扰信号频率段与有效信号频率段存在差异时分别在时间域和频率域进行了视出射角计算,结果表明在频率域中得到的视出射角基本与理论值相符,与方位角无关;而在时间域中获得的视出射角与理论值波动很大。应用实际地震波记录资料计算了不同台站的视出射角,其结果同样表明在频率域中获得的视出射角比时间域视出射角更加稳定和可信。     

3D acoustic waveform inversion in the Laplace domain using an iterative solver

In this paper we propose a 3D acoustic full waveform inversion algorithm in the Laplace domain. The partial differential equation for the 3D acoustic wave equation in the Laplace domain is reformulated as a linear system of algebraic equations using the finite element method and the resulting linear system is solved by a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. The numerical solutions obtained by our modelling algorithm are verified through a comparison with the corresponding analytical solutions and the appropriate dispersion analysis. In the Laplace‐domain waveform inversion, the logarithm of the Laplace transformed wavefields mainly contains long‐wavelength information about the underlying velocity model. As a result, the algorithm smoothes a small‐scale structure but roughly identifies large‐scale features within a certain depth determined by the range of offsets and Laplace damping constants employed. Our algorithm thus provides a useful complementary process to time‐ or frequency‐domain waveform inversion, which cannot recover a large‐scale structure when low‐frequency signals are weak or absent. The algorithm is demonstrated on a synthetic example: the SEG/EAGE 3D salt‐dome model. The numerical test is limited to a Laplace‐domain synthetic data set for the inversion. In order to verify the usefulness of the inverted velocity model, we perform the 3D reverse time migration. The migration results show that our inversion results can be used as an initial model for the subsequent high‐resolution waveform inversion. Further studies are needed to perform the inversion using time‐domain synthetic data with noise or real data, thereby investigating robustness to noise.     

结构地震行波效应分析综述

从时域和频域两个方面介绍了行波效应下结构地震响应的各种分析方法及各方法的优缺点和适用范围,后对桥梁结构、大跨空间结构、普通建筑结构、大坝结构、地下结构等各类结构体系在行波效应下的结构地震响应特征作了简要总结,阐述了国内外在行波效应研究中已取得的成果和结论,并对未来研究重点问题提出了自己的见解。     

时频分析在地层旋回性分析中的应用

时频分析技术是一项十分有效和直观的地震资料特殊解释技术,它通过一定的处理方法,把时间域的数据转换为频率域时频数据,时频分析在地质勘探中具有广泛的应用,表现在地层旋回性方面,它可以实现对不同类型沉积旋回的研究、层序界面的追踪和对比以及不同规模沉积旋回的研究。     

Time domain analysis of generalized viscoelastic models

This paper examines the convolution integral method for the time domain analysis of viscoelastic models with complex parameters. Such models have been extensively used in soil dynamics and base isolation studies, because they can predict realistically the non-viscous behavior of practical materials such as soil, acrylic polymers, and silicone gels among others. Starting from the constant hysteretic model which was initially proposed to model the behavior of dry sands, it is shown that the basic response functions of complex-parameter viscoelastic models are complex valued functions. The classical relations between the basic response function and the dynamic modulus are extended for the case of these generalized viscoelastic models. Finally, the time domain response of practical constitutive models with complex parameters is investigated, and the limitations and advantages of the convolution integral method are discussed.     

A hybrid analysis method for linear dynamic soil-structure interaction in time and frequency domain

IntroductionThe analysis of dynamic soil-structure interaction for important engineering project is still based on linear model (including equivalent linear model) with complex damping, and traditional frequency domain method (Lysmer, et al, 1975, 1981; DING, et al, 1999). Namely, first calculating frequency domain solution by Fourier transform, and then calculating time domain solution by Fourier inverse transform. The motion equation of a system in frequency domain is usually written as (…     

伪随机编码源激发下的时域电磁信号合成

将伪随机编码技术引入到人工源电磁法后,可以通过加大发射功率以及应用后续的相关处理技术来达到压制噪声、加大探测深度及提高分辨率的目的,因此引起了越来越多学者的关注及研究,但大多数研究集中在资料处理的相关技术上,对模拟电磁信号关注较少.然而,资料处理工作大多是从电磁信号出发的,模拟伪随机编码源激发下的电磁信号不但可以为资料处理环节提供理论数据,而且可以为检测资料处理的效果提供中间结果,因此,模拟电磁信号工作必不可少.本文根据获得接收信号的物理过程来实现伪随机编码源激发下的电磁信号合成.首先用解析公式获得特定地电结构的大地频率域响应,然后通过余弦变换得到时间域阶跃响应,接下来用阶跃响应的时间导数得到大地脉冲响应,通过将大地脉冲响应与伪随机编码源的褶积得到理想接收信号,最后,用低通滤波器来模拟发射设备和接收设备的频带限制,将之和噪声一起加到理想接收信号上,最终模拟出仿真的合成信号.通过和野外实际接收信号对比发现本文合成信号仿真度较高,可以服务于后续的数据处理环节.     

首都圈地区爆破、矿塌和天然地震的识别研究

选取首都圈地区2008年8月——2009年9月ML在2.0——2.2范围内的爆破、矿塌和天然地震数据资料,从时间域和频率域进行分析对比,总结出识别爆破、矿塌和天然地震的依据．在时域方面,爆破的初动方向向上,矿塌向下,天然地震的初动方向依赖于台站的分布情况;爆破和矿塌的面波比较发育;天然地震的S波与P波最大振幅比(AS/AP)大于爆破和矿塌,同时,爆破和矿塌的能量衰减比天然地震快．在频域方面,高频成分的能量衰减快于低频;天然地震的拐角频率较高,爆破次之,矿塌的最小;在震中距200 km范围内,爆破的顶峰频率主要分布在5——7 Hz,矿塌分布在2——4 Hz,天然地震的顶峰频率较大,在10——18 Hz范围内.另外,天然地震的频率域较宽,其次为爆破、矿塌．      

Time‐domain analysis of unbounded media using mixed‐variable formulations

Formulation of a matrix‐valued force–displacement relationship which can take radiation damping into account is of major importance when modelling unbounded domains. This can be done by means of fundamental solutions in space and time in connection with convolution integrals or by means of a frequency dependent boundary element representation, but for discrete frequencies Ω only. In this paper a method for interpolating discrete values of dynamic stiffness matrices by a continuous matrix valued rational function is proposed. The coupling between interface degrees of freedom is fully preserved. Another crucial point in soil–structure interaction analysis is how to implement an approximation in the spectral domain into a time‐domain analysis. Well‐known approaches for the scalar case are based on the partial‐fraction expansion of a scalar rational function. Here, a more general procedure, applicable to MDOF‐systems, for the transformation of spectral rational approximations into the time‐domain is introduced. Evaluation of the partial‐fraction expansion is avoided by using the so‐called mixed variables. Thus, unknowns in the time‐domain are displacements as well as forces. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

瑞利阻尼矩阵对深厚场地地震反应的影响分析

介绍场地时域分析基本理论和几种常见的阻尼矩阵确定方法,并基于有限差分方法,采用实际地震记录,考虑输入地震动强度和频谱特性,分别选择5种不同的瑞利阻尼矩阵形式,比较分析其对深厚场地时域动力反应的影响。结果表明:不同阻尼矩阵对加速度和反应谱均有影响,影响程度和输入地震动的频谱特性有关;当土层基频接近输入地震动卓越频率时,只根据土层基频确定阻尼矩阵是可行的,但当输入地震动卓越频率高于或远高于土层基频时,该方法会严重低估地表加速度峰值和反应谱谱值,时域分析中阻尼的确定应综合考虑土层特性和地震动频谱特性。     

线性土-结构动力相互作用时域-频域联合解法

提出一种线性土-结构动力相互作用时域-频域联合解法．首先，用近场波动数值模拟解耦技术求得在短时脉冲作用下采用Rayleigh阻尼系统的时域解；再对时域解进行富立叶变换得到相应频域解；然后根据阻尼与系统动力反应结果的关系，利用泰勒级数展开技术得到具有复阻尼系统的频域解．这一方法充分利用了时域解耦显式算法的优点，提高了线性土 结构动力相互作用分析的计算效率．      

适于声波方程数值模拟的时间-空间域有限差分算子改进线性算法

有限差分法广泛应用于地震波场的数值延拓,确定合适的有限差分算子以减小数值频散是有限差分法的一个重要研究内容。近年来为了进一步抑制数值频散和增加时间步长,新的有限差分模板得到了应用,对于此,前人使用泰勒展开方法和最小二乘方法确定有限差分算子系数。本文在以前工作的基础上,使用改进的线性方法确定新模板的有限差分系数,并与传统模板线性方法进行对比;通过频散分析和正演模拟验证出新模板线性方法能够更好地保持频散关系,在相同的精度下效率提高了一倍,从而说明了改进的线性方法的有效性。     

关于复阻尼理论的几点注记

给出了复阻尼本构方程在全频域的表达式，完成了向时域表达式的转换。中指出，基于Fourier频域的本构不能用于求解由初值确定的自由振动，只有延拓至复频域，才具备概括自由振动与强迫振动两种工况的能力。为了满足热力学定律的约束，对复频域本构必须附加限制条件。离散计算时，由于未实施这一限制条件，一定会导致失稳。中对解决失稳问题提出了若干建议。     

Analysis of palaeomagnetic time series — Techniques and applications

This review is intended to provide an introduction for the nonspecialist to concepts and techniques which are useful for analysing palaeomagnetic time series. Emphasis is placed on analysis in the frequency domain, particularly the periodogram and maximum entropy methods. The review consists of two parts dealing with techniques and applications respectively.     

三维错格时域伪谱法在频散介质井中雷达模拟中的应用

数值模拟对井中雷达数据的解释有重要意义.通常采用的时域有限差分法(FDTD)在网格足够细的情况下能够精确地模拟井中雷达,但对于相对较大的模型,要得到较好的精度其所需要的时间和计算机内存都非常大.我们尝试用伪谱法来模拟三维井中雷达,其在平缓介质中达到与FDTD相同精度每个波长所需的网格要少数倍,因此在保证精度的情况下使模拟范围大大增加.常规网格伪谱法常伴有Gibbs现象,本研究通过在一个方向以两点为源和采用交错网格的方法有效解决了上述问题.对于Debye频散介质,我们应用二阶显式Runge-Kutta方法求解时间步,该法较中心差分方法更直观、更简便,且在我们考虑的介质范围内是稳定的.