新疆准噶尔盆地中侏罗世Sphenobaiera（楔拜拉）一新种

报道了新疆准噶尔盆地西部玛纳斯及白杨河中侏罗世西山窑组（J₂x）银杏类楔拜拉属的一个新种--准噶尔楔拜拉（Sphenobaiera junggarensis sp. nov.）的首次发现。该新种以表皮构造为双面气孔式、上表皮气孔少、下表皮气孔密度大、孔缝基本定向、普通表皮细胞具不规则角质化隆丘及气孔器保卫细胞角质化放射纹之间发育有梳状“细耙”等特征,区别于楔拜拉属已知种。 还讨论了该新种的发现在研究楔拜拉属的分类及其古气候等方面的意义。     

关于新疆准噶尔盆地中侏罗世奥勃鲁契夫银杏(Ginkgo obrutschewii Seward)叶表皮构造的讨论

通过对新疆准噶尔盆地白杨河地区中侏罗世奥勃鲁契夫银杏(Ginkgo obrutschewii Seward)模式产地及其邻区该种叶化石表皮构造的研究,笔者认为应以采自白杨河模式产地的化石材料作为认定该种主要特征的依据。尽管G.obrutschewii的外部形态和叶表皮构造可能具有一些变异特征,但综合而言,该种叶表皮构造主要特征似应为:表皮气孔器特征通常为下气孔式,上下表皮细胞均普遍发育强度不同的角质化丘状或低缓的乳状突起,垂周壁略直或微弯;气孔器单唇式,保卫细胞近孔缝处唇状加厚强烈,副卫细胞通常强烈角质化,表面常发育瘤状或团块状角质化加厚。目前对该种叶化石的采集及其表皮构造的研究尚不充分,相关研究有待进一步深入。近年来,俄罗斯学者归于本种的产于新疆福海的银杏叶片化石,及其对本种叶表皮构造特征的补充等,尚值得商榷。     

宁夏盐池地区宁夏拟刺葵(新种)的首次发现

宁夏盐池地区中侏罗统延安组井下发现大量茨康类拟刺葵属叶片压型化石,根据其叶部形态学和表皮构造特征建立宁夏拟刺葵(新种)Phoenicopsis(Windwardia)ningxiaensis sp.nov.He。该新种以叶脉稀疏,每枚叶片仅叶脉2～4条,表皮细胞壁直,上表皮气孔带内气孔器单列,下表皮气孔带内气孔器3或4列,上、下表皮普通表皮细胞均无乳突,副卫细胞强烈乳突为特征,区别于属内其他已知各种。当前新种的表皮构造特征反映中侏罗世气候以温暖、潮湿为主。     

云南腾冲上新统垂丝紫荆(比较种)Cerciscf.racemosa Oliv.表皮微细构造研究

本文研究了产于滇西腾冲上新世芒棒组一种被子植物叶型化石垂丝紫荆(比较种)Cerciscf.racemosaOliv.,归于豆科紫荆属。揭示了该种叶表皮构造特征:上表皮无气孔器,表皮细胞为多边形,垂周壁平直;下表皮具环列型气孔器,表皮细胞为多边形,垂周壁平直;上下表皮有相同类型的毛基,毛基的根部由多细胞组成,毛基部的细胞特化成辐射状。该化石表皮微细构造的分析为恢复腾冲上新世古环境提供了古植物证据。     

不同气候带银杏叶角质层微观特征变化及其古气候意义

以广西桂林、安徽合肥及辽宁沈阳等三地的银杏材料为基础,通过对叶片及叶柄微观形态特征的对比研究,探讨银杏对不同气候带气候条件的响应。结果显示部分微观特征随气候带的变化而发生较为明显的变化。其中,气孔器长度和保卫细胞长宽比随纬度增加而减小,垂周壁宽度、普通表皮细胞长宽比及保卫细胞宽度随纬度增加有不同程度的增大。这些特征与其所生长环境中的湿度和降水因素可能有较大关系,并为地史时期银杏化石的相关古气候研究提供参考资料。     

云南腾冲上新统垂丝紫荆（比较种）Cercis cf．racemosa Oliv．表皮微细构造研究

本文研究了产于滇西腾冲上新世芒棒组一种被子植物叶型化石垂丝紫荆（比较种）Cercis cf．racemosa Oliv．，归于豆科紫荆属。揭示了该种叶表皮构造特征：上表皮无气孔器，表皮细胞为多边形，垂周壁平直；下表皮具环列型气孔器，表皮细胞为多边形，垂周壁平直；上下表皮有相同类型的毛基，毛基的根部由多细胞组成，毛基部的细胞特化成辐射状。该化石表皮微细构造的分析为恢复腾冲上新世古环境提供了古植物证据。     

内蒙古霍林河煤田内蒙古拟刺葵(新种)Phoenicopsis (Phoenicopsis) neimengensis sp.nov.的首次发现

笔者首次发现了内蒙古霍林河煤田霍林河组(K1h)茨康类拟刺葵属拟刺葵亚属的一个新种—内蒙古拟刺葵(Phoenicopsis(Phoenicopsis)neimengensis sp.nov.)。该新种以表皮构造下气孔式,上表皮细胞未见乳突,下表皮普通表皮细胞发育中央乳突,气孔器副卫细胞多发育乳突,孔缝不定向等特征区别于拟刺葵属已知种。新种的研究对于了解拟刺葵属(Phoenicopsis)的分类,以及恢复古地理、古气候有重要作用。     

植物化石表皮构造研究新方法

在辽西中侏罗世松柏类植物研究中,一种新的表皮构造分析技术得到了使用。该技术首先用化学方法清除化石叶表面的杂质,而后分别用超景深显微镜和扫描电镜( SEM) 对表皮构造进行观察,最后用揭片技术分析普通表皮细胞和气孔等特征。研究结果表明,该松柏类叶的普通表皮细胞、气孔器构造和气孔带分布等均与红杉( Sequoia) 相似。此方法克服了传统的揭片方法往往出现模糊不清或范围有限等缺陷,为分析研究植物化石枝叶表皮构造开辟了一条可供选择的新途径。     

福建永安下白垩统坂头组枝脉蕨属一新种Cladophlebis yonganensis sp.nov.

对福建永安市下白垩统坂头组保存较好的真蕨类营养叶化石枝脉蕨Cladophlebis进行了叶片形态及角质层微细构造特征的分析, 该化石至少二次羽状分裂, 末二次羽轴粗, 小羽片小, 全缘, 排列紧密, 中脉明显, 侧脉密集, 多数一次分叉; 上表皮无气孔器, 细胞轮廓不清晰, 偶见表皮毛; 下表皮具气孔器, 呈纵向带状排列; 表皮细胞长方形或呈条带状; 垂周壁加厚, 较直; 平周壁波状突起; 气孔器近圆形, 具明显拱盖, 保卫细胞弱角质化, 副卫细胞分化不明显.对当前化石小羽片解剖学特征的分析填补了该属植物化石叶片角质层微细构造特征的空白, 进一步将其与现生紫萁Osmunda joponsica以及部分真蕨类化石的表皮特征进行对比, 结合宏观形态和角质层特征的分析及其与相似种类的比较, 将永安的标本命名为一新种, 永安枝脉蕨Cladophlebis yonganensis Dai et B. N. Sun, sp. nov., 并且推断当前化石代表了某一类已经灭绝的真蕨类植物.      

辽宁昌图下白垩统沙河子组Elatocladus submanchurica Yabe et Oishi(亚东北枞型枝)的新发现

松柏类亚东北枞型枝(Elatocladus submanchurica)和东北枞型枝(E.manchurica)在分类和使用上长期存在争议.笔者在辽宁昌图沙河子下白垩统沙河子组新发现的亚东北枞型枝的枝叶化石,其叶片总体呈条形、近扁平,具略凸显的中脉;叶表皮构造呈双面气孔式、气孔器孔缝不定向或多具斜向、保卫细胞及副卫细胞...     

Ginkgo Huolinhensis sp.nov.from the Lower Cretaceous of Huolinhe Coal Field,Inner Mongolia,China

A new species,Ginkgo huolinhensis sp.nov.,with well-preserved cuticle from the Lower Cretaceous,Huolinhe Formation of Huolinhe Coal Field in Inner Mongolia,China,was studied morphologically and anatomi...     

内蒙古霍林河盆地早白垩世植物化石

本文研究了内蒙古霍林河盆地霍林河组下含煤段的植物化石,共鉴定了21属36种。植物组合以蕨类占优势,银杏类、苏铁类和松柏类均有一定比例,同海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组所含植物组合成分相似。地层对比表明,霍林河组与海拉尔盆地的大磨拐河组和伊敏组可以对比,也能同阜新盆地的沙海组和阜新组对比。植物组合成分及地层对比都表明该植物组合时代为早白垩世早期。本文还描述了5个新种: Coniopteris huolinhensis sp.nov,Cladophlebis neimengensis sp.nov,pterophyllum huolinhense Sp.nov.pl.angustifolium Sp.nov,Nilssonia zelimunsia Sp.nov.     

A New Species of Phoenicopsis Subgenus Windwardia (Florin) Samylina (Czekanowskiales) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

A new species of Phoenicopsis subgenus Windwardia(Florin) Samylina, Phoenicopsis neimengguensis sp.nov., is recognized from the Middle Jurassic Zhaogou Formation in the Shiguai Basin, a Jurassic coal-bearing sedimentary basin in Inner Mongolia, China. Linear leaves are in bundles of six to eight and are attached on a short shoot. The leaf is amphistomatic with one or two irregular rows of longitudinally oriented stomata in each intercostal zone on the upper epidermis and three or four(occasionally six) rows of stomata in each intercostal zone on the lower epidermis. Each stomata is surrounded by four to six subsidiary cells with unevenly developed papillae. The anticlinal walls of epidermal cells are straight. Cuticular thickenings or papillae are present on the outer surface of the periclinal walls. This is the first time that Phoenicopsis subgenus Windwardia(Florin) Samylina is recognized from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. The occurrence of the new species is noteworthy because it extends the geological and geographic distribution of Phoenicopsis subg. Windwardia in China and Eurasia. The discovery is significant as it increases our knowledge of Phoenicopsis subg. Windwardia by providing new data on morphological and epidermal features.     

Epidermal structure of Podozamites leaves

The genus Podozamites ranges from Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous and is widely distributed geographically. The epidermal pattern of the leaves of only two of the several species is clearly known. Collections from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous strata in the Bureya basin have brought to light a number of Poclozamites species: P. lanceolatus (L. et H.) Schimp. , P. angustifolius (Eichw.) Schimp., P. aff. eichwaldii Schimp. , P. gramineus Heer, and P. ellipsoides Saporta. Among these collections only one form, P. aff eichwaldii, has the epidermal pattern preserved. Thus information on a third species of Podozamites is now available. The cuticle in this species is very thin. The leaf is hypostomatous. Epidermal cells on the upper surface are large, rectangular, in fairly distinct rows, and have straight, unevenly cutinized walls. The lower surface consists of alternating stomatal and astomatal bands, each band comprising six or seven rows of cells in width. The stomata are oriented at right angles to the veins and are not sunken. The cuticle of the material from the Bureya depression compares in general types with that of P. punctatus and P. cf. distans from Greenland. --F. M. Hueber. _     

Cuticle ultrastructure of Pseudofrenelopsis gansuensis: Further taxonomical implications for Cheirolepidiaceae

A study of the cheirolepidiaceous conifer Pseudofrenelopsis gansuensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Wangqing Jilin Province in China was conducted in detail using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. In total, nine ultrastructural features were recognized for the cuticle of this fossil plant, which are helpful in the distinguishing between cuticles of ordinary epidermal cells, subsidiary cells, guard cells and hypodermal cells of the stomatal apparatus. A three dimensional reconstruction of the cuticle ultrastructure was obtained. Pseudofrenelopsis gansuensis is the second species of this genus for which the cuticle ultrastructure has been statistically examined with 30 measurements and estimated confidence interval values. The close comparison of the cuticle ultrastructure characters, including statistical data, among Cheirolepidiaceae and other fossil conifers provides potential evidence of the taxonomic significance of this genus: ten characters are potentially valuable for specific separation, eleven parameters for generic separation and three parameters seem also to be useful for Family determination. The differences in the chemical composition according to preliminary statistical element analyses of the cuticles based on three ratios in two species of Pseudofrenelopsis, P. dalatzensis and P. gansuensis, should also be examined in future studies.     

Two Brachyphyllum species from the Lower Cretaceous of Jiuquan Basin,Gansu Province,NW China and their affinities and palaeoenvironmental implications

Conifers are common in the Lower Cretaceous Zhonggou Formation of Jiuquan Basin, Gansu Province, NW China. The excellent preservation of plant fossils allows detailed investigations of the leaf epidermis by light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the leaf morphology and epidermal features, two Brachyphyllum species, B. ningshiaense and B. obtusum are described. They closely resemble one another in foliar morphology and epidermal features, but have different leaf apices, cuticle features, stomatal shape and the number of subsidiary cells. The specimens consist of leafy axes with imbricate, spirally arranged, scale-like leaves. Epidermal analysis shows rectangular, pentagonal or rhomboidal unspecialized epidermal cells and abaxially longitudinally arranged stomatal rows except for the marginal areas, as well as well-developed papillae, sunken stomata and Florin rings of subsidiary cells with papillae on the inner surfaces. The imbricate and spirally arranged leaves with rather thick cuticle in both species indicate an Araucariaceae (Araucaria) or Cheirolepidiaceae affinity. However, epidermal features and the presence of Classopollis pollen in the sediments indicate a cheirolepidiaceous affinity. The morphological and anatomical characters of both taxa are interpreted as adaptations to a warm seasonally and temporarily dry palaeoclimate.