晚第四纪湖泊演化光释光测年

在过去的20年里,光释光（optically stimulated luminescence,简称OSL）测年技术发展迅速,已经被广泛应用于第四纪沉积物的测年研究中。近年来,以OSL技术为主要定年手段,利用其测年范围大、测年材料（石英和长石）丰富且易于提取等优势,在我国干旱/半干旱区（腾格里沙漠古湖、内蒙古黄旗海等湖泊）开展了一系列晚第四纪湖泊演化和古气候环境变化的研究工作。高水位湖相阶地的OSL测年结果表明,晚更新世高湖面事件发生时间在MIS 5阶段甚至更老,对基于14C数据建立的“MIS 3a大湖期”假说的年代框架提出了质疑;通过东北兴凯湖晚第四纪连续湖泊沉积物的高分辨率OSL和14C测年对比研究,从年代学机理上揭示晚更新世高湖面的年代学争论主要源自14C技术测定较老样品时的局限性,14C测年手段及易造成老于30000年的沉积物年龄的低估;来自青藏高原东北缘的秦王川盆地和东北地区兴凯湖湖岸的风成沉积也记录了MIS 3a阶段可能不存在气候湿润和高湖面事件;另外,通过对白碱湖古湖岸堤的OSL测年,建立了湖面波动过程和全新世区域湿度变化历史,揭示了季风边缘区早中全新世湿润期和中晚全新世以来逐渐干旱化的气候环境变化过程。综上所述,相较于传统的14C技术,OSL测年技术在湖泊沉积物的应用中具有诸多优势和潜力。尽管如此,OSL测年方法在实际应用过程中会遭遇一些会影响测年结果的潜在的技术问题。因而本文也从石英组分的长石污染、沉积物沉积前OSL信号的曝光程度、铀系不平衡和含水量以及宇宙射线对剂量率的动态影响等多方面,综述了水成沉积释光研究中面临的具体问题,并提出了初步解决方案和建议。     

青海湖滩坝分布规律及其古气候意义

青海湖是我国最大的内陆湖盆,对气候变化十分敏感,而滩坝是青海湖滨浅湖带最为发育的沉积类型之一,其滩坝分布规律对晚更新世以来的古气候演化具有重要指示意义。在对青海湖一郎剑剖面进行实地考察的基础之上,对滩坝的分布规律及沉积特征进行精细解剖。通过分析总结前人相关测年数据,并与青海湖滩坝分布规律进行对比,发现青海湖湖平面升降对滩坝分布有明显的控制作用,建立了18 ka以来青海湖滩坝的演化过程,并将近18 ka以来青海湖湖平面升降史分为4个阶段:(1)更新世末温湿期,湖平面在海拔3 197～3 202 m附近波动;(2)全新世冷干期,湖平面近乎干涸;(3)全新世大暖期,湖平面处于全新世以来的最高值,约为3 212 m;(4)全新世凉湿期,湖平面回落到3 200 m附近,并在近2. 5 ka湖平面加速下降。在晚更新世和晚全新世时,湖平面在海拔3 202 m附近波动时间较长,在该海拔范围内,形成了规模较大的复合滩坝;在早全新世,青海湖平面最低,多发育风成黄土和潟湖沉积;在中全新世,湖平面最高,形成了距离现今湖平面最远的数列单体滩坝。     

腾格里沙漠西北缘青土湖中更新世晚期以来沉积环境变迁

以腾格里沙漠西北缘青土湖钻孔ZK1为研究对象,通过对钻孔沉积物的光释光年代、粒度、磁化率等研究,揭示了该湖泊自中更新世晚期以来的环境变迁。研究结果表明：该地区中更新世晚期经历了干冷→暖湿两个阶段,晚更新世经历了湿暖→干冷两个阶段,与深海氧同位素的末次间冰期、末次冰期气候旋回特征吻合,全新世主要经历了干冷→暖湿的气候波动。反映了腾格里沙漠西北缘晚第四纪的气候波动变化特征,特别是为本区中更新世晚期以来的气候环境变化的研究提供了依据。     

腾格里沙漠西北缘青土湖晚第四纪孢粉组合特征与环境变迁

根据腾格里沙漠西北缘青土湖ZK1孔晚第四纪以来沉积物孢粉组合、磁化率特征和光释光年代的研究,恢复了该区的植被面貌,论述了青土湖地区自中更新世晚期以来的气候变迁特征。研究结果表明,该地区中更新世晚期可划分为凉干和暖湿2个阶段;晚更新世可划分为暖湿和凉干2个阶段,并且与深海氧同位素曲线反映的末次间冰期、末次冰期的次一级气候旋回特征相吻合;全新世该地区主要经历了从暖湿到凉干的气候波动。     

The Oyambre coastal terrace: a detailed sedimentary record of the Last Interglacial Stage in northern Iberia (Cantabrian coast,Spain)

A detailed study is presented of a 15.3-m-thick Pleistocene coastal terrace located on the Cantabrian coast (northern Spain). Stratigraphic, sedimentological, topographic and micropalaeontological information is combined with a chronology based on luminescence dating to characterize the deposits. The sedimentary succession records: (i) a basal transgressive system, consisting of a wave-cut surface covered by a lower layer of beach gravels and upper beach pebbly sands; and (ii) a thicker upper highstand system (aggrading), comprising medium to very fine aeolian sands interbedded with thin palustrine muds. Luminescence dating involved a detailed sampling strategy (36 samples and two modern analogues) and the use of both quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and feldspar post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence single aliquot regeneration protocols; feldspar results were used to confirm the completeness of bleaching of the quartz OSL signal. The quartz OSL luminescence age–depth relationship shows significant dispersion, but nevertheless two rapid phases of deposition can be clearly identified: one at ~130 ka [Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5] and one at ~100 ka (MIS 5c). The top of the succession is dated to ~70 ka. The MIS 5e marine maximum flooding surface is identified at an elevation of 6.85 m above mean seal level. This elevation provides evidence of a regional sea-level highstand for this sector of the Cantabrian coast.     

河套地区新生代湖泊演化与“吉兰泰-河套”古大湖形成机制的初步研究

研究发现,河套地区在距今5～6万年前存在一个统一的"吉兰泰-河套"古大湖,覆盖吉兰泰和河套盆地的大部分地区。本研究试图依据钻孔资料和湖泊沉积物的测年结果,讨论新生代以来河套盆地的湖泊演化和古大湖的形成机制。结果表明,新生代以来,特别是早更新世以来吉兰泰盆地和河套平原的3个坳陷盆地就已经处于湖泊环境,但没有证据显示存在统一的湖泊。湖泊沉积及其OSL测年显示,"吉兰泰-河套"古大湖大约在距今10万年前后开始发育,至距今5～6万年之前湖面达到海拔1080m上下,随后湖泊衰退。我们认为,鄂尔多斯高原东北边缘距今12万年前后开始的快速构造隆升,可能导致了晋陕峡谷黄河外流受阻,最终在河套盆地积水形成统一湖泊,末次冰期中期(深海氧同位素3阶段)相对湿润的气候环境进一步促进了"吉兰泰-河套"古大湖的发育。     

A robust feldspar luminescence dating method for Middle and Late Pleistocene sediments

Luminescence dating is used extensively to provide absolute chronologies for Late Pleistocene sediments. Nowadays, most optical dates are based on quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). However, the application of this signal is usually limited to the last ～100 ka because of saturation of the quartz luminescence signal with dose. In contrast, the feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dose–response curve grows to much higher doses; this has the potential to extend the datable age range by a factor of 4–5 compared with quartz OSL. However, it has been known for several decades that this IRSL signal is unstable, and this instability often gives rise to significant age underestimation. Here we test against independent age control the recently developed feldspar post‐IR IRSL approach to the dating of sediments, which appears to avoid signal instability. A physical model explaining our observations is discussed, and the method is shown to be accurate back to 600 ka. The post‐IR IRSL signal is reduced by exposure to daylight more slowly than that from quartz and low‐temperature IRSL, preventing its general application to young (e.g. Holocene) sediments. Nevertheless, this new approach is widely applicable (feldspar of appropriate luminescence behaviour is even more ubiquitous than quartz). These characteristics make this a method of great importance for the dating of Middle and Late Pleistocene deposits.     

Magnetostratigraphy and ~(230)Th dating of a drill core from the southeastern Qaidam Basin:Salt lake evolution and tectonic implications

The Qarhan Salt Lake area is the Quaternary depocenter of the Qaidam Basin, and carries thick lacustrine sediments, as well as rich potassium and magnesium salt deposits. The abundant resources and thick sediments in this lake provide an ideal place for the study of biogas formation and preservation, salt lake evolution, and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we attempt to construct a paleomagnetic and ~(230)Th age model and to obtain information on tectonic activity and salt lake evolution through detailed studies on a 1300-m-long drill core(15DZK01) from the northwestern margin of the Qarhan Salt Lake area(Dongling Lake). Based on gypsum ~(230)Th dating, the age of the uppermost clastic deposit was calculated to be around 0.052 Ma. The polarity sequence consist of 13 pairs of normal and reversed zones,which can be correlated with subchrons C2r.1r-C1n of the geomagnetic polarity timescale(GPTS 2012)(from ~2.070 Ma to ~0.052 Ma). Sedimentary characteristics indicate that Dongling Lake witnessed freshwater environment between ~ 2.070 Ma and 1.546 Ma. During this period, the sedimentary record reflects primarily lakeshore, shallow-water and swamp environments, representing favourable conditions for the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks. Between 1.546 Ma and ~ 0.052 Ma, the Dongling Lake was in sulphate deposition stage, which contrasts with the central Qarhan Salt Lake area, where this stage did not occur in the meantime. During this stage, Dongling Lake was in a shallow saltwater lake environment, but several periods of reduced salinity occurred during this stage. During the late Pleistocene at ~0.052 Ma, the Dongling Lake experienced uplift due to tectonic activity, and saltwater migrated through the Sanhu Fault to the central Qarhan Salt Lake area, resulting in the absence of halite deposition stage. The residual saline water was concentrated into magnesium-rich brine due to the lack of freshwater, and few potassium salt deposits occur in the Dongling Lake area.     

川西地区成都粘土的光释光年代学

在野外地质调查的基础上,对川西地区广泛分布的风成堆积物——成都粘土进行了光释光测年,获得了一组 74.67±9.59~18.60±0.33ka的年龄数据。这一结果表明,成都粘土的时代为晚更新世晚期,为末次冰期的堆积物,与黄土高原马兰黄土相当。末次冰期干冷的气候条件为川西地区风尘堆积提供了丰富的物质来源,从而形成了分布较为广泛的成都粘土。     

Sedimentary record from Lake Hovsgol, NW Mongolia: Results from the HDP-04 and HDP-06 drill cores

The Hovsgol Drilling Project retrieved Pleistocene sediment section with the basal age of ca. 1 Ma from the Hovsgol rift basin, NW Mongolia. Detailed lithologic data on drill cores is presented and compared with analogous sediment facies in the radiocarbon-dated records of the last glacial–interglacial transition. Drill cores from two sites, presently in 239 m and 235 m water depth, represent somewhat different depositional settings. The shorter HDP-06 drill core (26 m) at the base of the gentler SE slope of the rift basin contains lithologic evidence for several recent lake lowstands on the order of −200 m. The longer HDP-04 drill core (81 m) some 8 km away at the base of the steep NW underwater slope is composed of finer sediments and contains at least 10 characteristic transitions from calcareous to carbonate-free (diatomaceous) layers. These lithologic transitions are interpreted here as signals of repeated Pleistocene lake transgressions in the Hovsgol basin. Transgressions appear to have been associated with lower sedimentation rates and with the deposition of thin turbidite beds at the drill site. Comparison of drill core lithology with the available seismic data shows reasonable agreement in terms of the number of lowstand events and the general trends of changing lake level. HDP-04 drill core retrieved shallow-water facies containing sand and carbonate oolites deposited at the time of the most dramatic mid-Pleistocene regression of the lake. At ca. 24 m core depth, this interval corresponds to a major basinwide angular unconformity apparent in the seismic pattern. Lake Hovsgol, a smaller sister rift lake of the grand Lake Baikal, has a confined local catchment, which makes it very sensitive to regional variations in the effective moisture. Consisting primarily of calcareous mud, the sedimentary record of Lake Hovsgol provides a unique regional sedimentary archive. Future multi-proxy studies of the Hovsgol sedimentary records will allow constraint of the mid-late Pleistocene history of the hydrologic budget in the Baikal region of continental interior Asia.     

察尔汗钻孔介形类记录及其对察尔汗古湖晚更新世高湖面的指示

察尔汗盐湖作为柴达木盆地第四纪的沉积中心,沉积了巨厚的第四系湖相沉积,其演化历史研究对于揭示柴达木盆地及青藏高原北部第四纪古气候、古环境演变历史具有重要意义。本文在AMS ¹⁴C测年的基础上,以察尔汗盐湖晚更新世钻孔(ZK53630-1)岩芯中介形类微体化石为研究对象,通过系统的采样和室内分析,共识别出7属10种。基于分类学研究,识别出2个介形类组合(自下而上):Ilyocypris biplicata-Limnocythere inopinata和Ilyocypris bradyi-Ilyocypris sebeiensis。介形类及其伴生化石均显示察尔汗古湖在距今34～28 ka期间的晚更新世晚期(MIS 3a)主体为淡水—微咸水湖泊,气候温暖湿润,与现今极端干旱的盐湖环境截然不同。     

西藏纳木错地区约120kaBP以来的古植被、古气候与湖面变化

西藏纳木错湖相沉积的U系和^11C测年结果表明，湖泊沿岸的6级湖岸阶地及拔湖约48～139．2m的高位湖相沉积形成于约120ka BP以来的晚第四纪。本文根据该套湖相层的发育和其中的孢粉组合特征对纳木错地区约120ka BP以来的湖面变化与古植被、古气候变迁进行了探讨。结果表明，纳木错地区晚更新世以来经历了频繁的湖面波动、气候的冷暖与干湿变化以及森林—草原与草原植被的交替演化。其总体特征是：约115．9ka BP时，纳木错湖面最高。在116～78ka BP期间，该区气候温和凉爽或温和偏湿，植被以疏林草原与森林草原或森林的交替出现为特征，湖面经历了较大幅度的波动，但基本保持在拔湖140～88m之间。在78～53ka BP期间，该区气候干冷，植被以疏林草原为主，湖面大幅度下降，并在拔湖约36～48m之间波动。约53～32ka BP期间，气候转为温暖偏湿或温暖湿润，湖面波动于拔湖约15～28m之间，波动较为频繁。与阶地的发育相对应，该时期内包含了3次明显的暖期和湖面波动过程，区域植被主要以松、蒿、桦为主，为含一定量的冷杉的森林。其中36ka BP左右气候最温暖湿润，区域内可能出现针叶林或针阔混交林。约32～12ka BP期间，该区气候最为干冷，古植被以草原和疏林草原为主，湖面再次发生较大幅度的下降，最低可至拔湖约8m处，但通常维持在拔湖约12～17m之间。约11．8～4．2ka BP期间，气候整体较为暖湿，其中在约8．4～4．2ka BP期间气候最温暖湿润，该区可能发育针叶林或针阔混交林，湖面波动于拔湖2～9m之间，整体波动幅度较小，但波动最为频繁。区域气候对比发现，纳木错地区的冷、暖气候变化过程与整个青藏高原乃至北半球的气候变化基本是一致的，特别是阶地下切所反映的湖面退缩过程与北大西洋的Henrich冷事件之间具有很好的对应关系。     

Reconstruction of Holocene lake level from diatoms, chrysophytes and organic matter in a drainage lake from the Experimental Lakes Area (northwestern Ontario, Canada)

A paleolimnological study of lake-level changes in Lake 239 (Rawson Lake), a headwater lake in the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, indicates large fluctuations have occurred over the Holocene. Analyses are based on diatoms, the proportion of chrysophyte scales to diatoms and organic matter content from near-shore sediment cores. Quantitative estimates of lake level are based on a diatom-inferred depth model that was developed from surficial sediments collected along several transects in Lake 239. Declines of ∼ 1-3 m occurred during the late Holocene, whereas declines of at least 8 m occurred during the more arid mid-Holocene. These results provide the first substantive evidence of large declines in lake level in northwestern Ontario during the mid-Holocene. Conditions during the mid-Holocene may provide a partial view of future conditions under increasing global temperatures.     

Revisiting the abandoned shorelines of Lake George,Australia: a refined optical dating framework

Abandoned shorelines are an important archive used to constrain past fluctuations in the hydrological balance of lakes around the globe. Within Australia, the shorelines preserved at Lake George, NSW, form one of the few shoreline archives in the south-east of the continent that record palaeoenvironmental conditions throughout the late Quaternary. Here, we examined and tested the lake-level record for Lake George constructed in the 1970s by dating a well-preserved shoreline sequence at Luckdale, on the lake's eastern shore, using single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. Ten stratigraphic units were identified, and these suggest a late Quaternary highstand for Lake George in MIS 3, with fluctuations superimposed upon an overall drying trend throughout MIS 2 and into the present. At Luckdale, the highest four shoreline-associated units were deposited ~13 to 19 m above lake base and date to between 39 ± 2 and 29 ± 1 ka ago. Our study pushes back the timing of maximum lake depth at Lake George to at least MIS 3, rather than MIS 2. The overall drying trend is supported by similar reductions in both Riverine Plain fluvial activity and other associated lake-level records from within the Murray basin.     

宁夏清水河盆地晚更新世两期湖相沉积物的形成时代、沉积环境及构造背景

为了解宁夏清水河盆地晚更新世以来的沉积、构造演化规律,采用钻探、粒度分析、光释光测年等技术,对盆地中部发现的2期晚更新世湖相地层进行了沉积学、年代学研究。结果表明,下部湖相地层萨拉乌苏组的形成时代为76~63 ka,上部湖相地层水洞沟组形成时代为25~11 ka,二者之间存在明显的侵蚀面。根据沉积证据和粒度分析结果,将萨拉乌苏组自下而上划分为4个沉积阶段,构成了一个完整的湖进-湖退序列,代表了一期温暖湿润的气候环境;而水洞沟组为干冷环境下形成的浅湖。构造、环境对比分析表明,清水河盆地2期古大湖的形成、消亡指示该地区晚更新世经历了拉张-挤压-拉张的构造转换。两次拉张作用是萨拉乌苏湖和水洞沟湖形成的主要因素,古大湖发育的间断期存在的强烈构造隆升事件是导致萨拉乌苏湖消亡的根本原因,末次冰期MIS4和MIS2晚期的异常寒冷气候也是古湖衰退的原因之一。清水河盆地2期古湖的演化规律,为研究青藏高原周缘晚更新世古大湖形成与演化、古气候变迁及青藏高原的隆升提供了重要的证据。     

Dominance of an 150-Year Cycle of Sand-Supply Change in Late Holocene Dune-Building along the Eastern Shore of Lake Michigan

Outcrops of buried soils on lake-plains and glacial headlands along Lake Michigan's eastern shore suggest that periodic dune-building has occurred there after relatively long (≥100 yr) periods of low sand supply. We located, described, and radiocarbon dated 75 such buried soils that crop out in 32 coastal dune fields beside the lake. We assume that peaks in probability distributions of calibrated ¹⁴C ages obtained from wood, charcoal, and other organic matter from buried A horizons approximate the time of soil burial by dunes. Plotted against a late Holocene lake-level curve for Lake Michigan, these peaks are closely associated with many 150-yr lake highstands previously inferred from beach ridge studies. Intervening periods of lower lake levels and relative sand starvation apparently permitted forestation and soil development at the sites we studied. While late Holocene lake-level change led to development and preservation of prominent foredunes along the southern and southwestern shores of Lake Michigan, the modern dune landscape of the eastern shore is dominated by perched dunes formed during 150-yr lake highstands over the past 1500 yr.     

JYZ11A钻孔记录的居延泽演化历史

我国内陆干旱区在末次冰期(含深海氧同位素第3阶段)是否存在古大湖近年来持续存在争论。居延泽是黑河的尾闾湖之一, 位于我国典型干旱区, 是开展这项研究的理想区域。依据居延泽盆地最低处的JYZ11A钻孔(全孔长61.13m, 本文侧重上部27m岩芯), 使用石英光释光测年获得3个可靠释光年龄并据此建立年代框架。全孔10cm间距测量沉积物粒度, 钻孔上部16.7m以2cm间距测量低频磁化率, 本文侧重分析JYZ11A钻孔上部10m的指标记录。综合岩性地层、沉积物粒度分布特征和粒度、磁化率指标记录, 并与前人已有研究进行对比, 本研究发现末次冰期时居延泽盆地主要堆积棕色冲洪积物和风沙沉积物, 早全新世为风沙沉积, 中全新世出现浅灰色湖相沉积与风沙交替沉积, 而稳定湖泊只在约3ka时才逐渐形成, 可能存在多次湖面波动并留下古湖岸堤。因此, 居延泽盆地在末次冰期包括深海氧同位素第3阶段晚期并不存在稳定大湖。居延泽早全新世干涸、中晚全新世湖泊较稳定发育的全新世成湖模式与季风区湖泊演化模式明显不同, 而与许多中亚干旱区的湖泊、风成沉积等古环境记录相似, 它们可能共同指示了一种有别于中国季风区的全新世区域湿度演化模式。     

罗布泊东部阿奇克谷地第四纪古地理

通过对罗布泊东部阿奇克谷地中部AK1孔及露头剖面第四纪沉积特征的综合研究,初步分析了阿奇克谷地第四纪以来的沉积环境与古地理演化。结果表明,阿奇克谷地第四纪古地理受上新世以来区域构造控制,谷地两侧北山及阿尔金山的隆升,一方面为其提供了丰富的物质来源,同时也控制了其沉积环境的演化。其中第四纪以来阿奇克谷地沉积环境有两次明显变化,早更新世中期谷地中开始出现湖相沉积;中更新世晚期湖相沉积范围扩大,为罗布泊湖的大发展期。晚更新世谷地两侧普遍出现砾石层,与中更新世呈不整合接触,表明构造抬升造成湖泊退缩。晚更新世以来湖泊沉积环境波动变化加快。     

Amplitude,frequency and drivers of Caspian Sea lake-level variations during the Early Pleistocene and their impact on a protected wave-dominated coastline

The Caspian Sea, the largest isolated lake in the world, witnessed drastic lake-level variations during the Quaternary. This restricted basin appears very sensitive to lake-level variations, due to important variations in regional evaporation, precipitation and runoff. The amplitude, frequency and drivers of these lake-level changes are still poorly documented and understood. Studying geological records of the Caspian Sea might be the key to better comprehend the complexity of these oscillations. The Hajigabul section documents sediment deposited on the northern margin of the Kura Basin, a former embayment of the Caspian Sea. The 2035 m thick, well-exposed section was previously dated by magneto-biostratigraphic techniques and provides an excellent record of Early Pleistocene environmental, lake-level and climate changes. Within this succession, the 1050 m thick Apsheronian regional stage, between ca 2·1 Ma and 0·85 Ma, represents a particular time interval with 20 regressive sequences documented by sedimentary and palaeontological changes. Sequences are regressing from offshore to coastal, lagoonal or terrestrial settings and are bounded by abrupt flooding events. Sediment reveals a low energy, wave-dominated, reflective beach system. Wave baselines delimiting each facies association appear to be located at shallower bathymetries compared to the open ocean. Water depth estimations of the wave baselines allow reconstruction of a lake-level curve, recording oscillations of ca 40 m amplitude. Cyclostratigraphic analyses display lake-level frequency close to 41 kyr, pointing to allogenic forcing, dominated by obliquity cycles and suggesting a direct or indirect link with high-latitude climates and environments. This study provides a detailed lake-level curve for the Early Pleistocene Caspian Sea and constitutes a first step towards a better comprehension of the magnitude, occurrence and forcing mechanisms of Caspian Sea lake-level changes. Facies models developed in this study regarding sedimentary architectures of palaeocoastlines affected by repeated lake-level fluctuations may form good analogues for other (semi-)isolated basins worldwide.     

内蒙古托克托湖相地层时代讨论

采用岩性描述以及OSL和ESR测年方法,研究内蒙古托克托台地郝家窑剖面和郝家窑钻孔的地层时代。研究表明,郝家窑剖面出露地层厚度47.0 m,湖相层顶部的年龄约为距今100 ka,剖面底部的年龄约为距今150 ka。郝家窑钻孔岩性大致分3段:0～12.77 m为棕黄色粉砂质黏土、黏土质粉砂,OSL年龄为距今120～40 ka,应属晚更新世马兰黄土;12.77～72.23 m为淡黄绿、灰褐色粉、细砂层和粉砂质黏土,湖相沉积层,OSL年龄约为距今400～100 ka,属上更新统—下更新统;72.23～118.45 m为棕红色粉砂质黏土层夹钙质层,属受流水影响的风成黄土,ESR年龄为距今476～990 ka,对应于中更新统离石黄土。托克托湖相层的时代与萨拉乌苏河流域经典的萨拉乌苏组(距今75～150 ka)有较大差距,似乎不宜归入萨拉乌苏组,建议暂称为托克托组。