共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
断裂力学是各领域基础科学,材料内裂纹相互作用是断裂力学的重要研究领域,但目前球体内裂纹相互作用研究成果较少。基于三维激光疲劳内裂纹(3D-ILC)技术,在对球体试样表面无任何损伤的情况下,制作三维平行纯内裂纹,开展45o倾角平行双内裂纹单轴压缩试验,对双内裂纹的裂纹扩展过程、应力双折射规律、断口特征、破坏形态、相互作用等多方面开展研究,进行含双内裂纹I-II-III型圆球断裂数值模拟,分析KⅠ、KⅡ、KⅢ分布规律,与试验相符。结果表明:(1)球体双内裂纹在单轴压缩下之间发生屏蔽作用,主裂纹面穿过两预制内裂纹;(2)翼型裂纹光滑区呈现I-II型裂纹断口特征,翼型裂纹侧面撕裂区呈现“矛状”III型裂纹特征;(3)基于M积分计算的KI、KII、KIII分析与基于断裂特征的I、II、III型裂纹类型分析一致。3D-ILC技术可用于球体内裂纹相互作用断裂试验研究,球体内裂纹试验与理论分析为脆性材料内裂纹扩展及相互作用研究提供试验与理论参考。 相似文献
2.
基于试验的花岗岩渐进破坏本构模型研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
对取自大渡河流域大岗山电站的花岗岩进行了系统的试验研究,得到了不同围压下的应力-应变曲线。根据岩样受力过程中内部微裂纹的活动状态,定义了4个特征应力,即闭合应力、起裂应力、破损应力、峰值应力,来反映花岗岩的渐进破坏过程,特征应力也反映了岩石内部的损伤程度。依据特征应力,将试验曲线分为4个阶段,并对每一阶段分别求取变形模量和泊松比。结果表明,变形模量不仅与围压有关,且与岩石的损伤程度有关,而泊松比只取决于岩石的损伤程度。特征应力可由体积应变曲线结合线性回归技术准确求取。在此基础上,提出了一个考虑花岗岩渐进破坏的本构模型。在该模型中,变形参数(弹性模量、泊松比)是应力状态的函数,强度参数(凝聚力、内摩擦角)是塑性变形的函数。将该模型嵌入大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对不同围压下的花岗岩室内压缩试验进行模拟,结果表明,模拟所得的应力-应变曲线与试验曲线的吻合程度较高,模型能反映花岗岩等脆性岩石的峰前非线性力学行为。 相似文献
3.
The recent capability of measuring full‐field deformations using advanced imaging techniques provides the opportunity to improve the predictive ability of computational soil mechanics. This paper investigates the effects of imperfect initial specimen geometry, platen‐soil and apparatus compliance, and material heterogeneity on the constitutive model calibration process from triaxial tests with nonlubricated platens. The technique of 3D‐Digital Image Correlation (3D‐DIC) was used to measure, from digital images, full‐field displacements over sand specimen surfaces throughout triaxial compression tests, as well as actual specimen initial shape, and deformations associated with platen and apparatus compliance and bedding settlement. The difference between predicted and observed 3D specimen surface deformations served to quantify an objective function in the optimization algorithm. Four different three‐dimensional finite element models (FEMs), each allowing varying degrees of material variability in the solution of the inverse problem, were used to study the effect of material heterogeneity. Results of the parametric study revealed that properly representing the actual initial specimen geometry significantly improves the optimization efficiency, and that accounting for boundary compliance can be critical for the accurate recovery of the full‐field experimental displacements. Allowing for nonsymmetric material variability had the most significant impact on predicted behavior. A relatively high coefficient of variation in model parameters was found among a statistical ensemble of tests, underscoring the importance of conducting multiple tests for proper material characterization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
为了研究和分析脆岩峰值后区变形破坏力学性质,引入统计细观损伤理论,针对以破坏微元体数目与总数目之比定义的损伤变量存在的局限性与不足,在分析非均匀性岩石峰后变形破坏特征基础上探讨脆岩细观损伤演化机制,建立了考虑破坏微元体引起岩石材料非均匀性的修正损伤模型,并提出模型修正系数的函数假设;然后,在此基础上推导建立了岩石修正统计损伤本构模型,并给出了模型参数的确定方法;最后,将模型理论曲线与试验曲线进行了比较分析,并对模型参数的变化规律进行了讨论。研究表明:该模型能够反映脆岩峰值后区不同应力跌落速率的现象,模型理论曲线及模型参数的变化规律与试验结果较为吻合,表明提出的模型和方法具有一定的合理性与可行性。 相似文献
5.
孔口问题为力学领域中经典问题之一,也是岩土如隧洞、巷道等工程领域重要的问题之一。随断裂力学的发展,对含裂纹孔口问题的研究也不断深入。但是,以往研究多集中在二维问题或者含表面裂纹的孔口问题,含纯内裂纹的孔口问题研究报道较少。基于3D-ILC技术(对表面无任何影响的情况下,凭空生成任意参数的深埋内裂纹),在含有孔口的脆性材料中生成内裂纹,开展单轴压缩试验,与无裂纹完整孔口试样试验结果及已有文献进行对比,并开展理论与数值模拟研究。结果表明:(1)3D-ILC与传统方法相比,裂纹特征更为真实,为解决断裂力学中的三维内裂纹问题奠定了基础;(2)完整孔口试样裂纹形态主要有主裂纹与八字形裂纹;(3)含内裂纹试样裂纹形态以内裂纹扩展为主,主要有翼裂纹、次生裂纹、反翼裂纹、反向次生裂纹、竖向扭曲裂纹与主裂纹6种;(4)含裂纹孔口试样最终的破坏荷载比无裂纹孔口试样平均低76.49%,起裂应力较无裂纹孔口试样平均低96.72%;(5)通过数值模拟对完整孔口试样、含主裂纹孔口试样、含内裂纹孔口试样的裂纹扩展进行定性分析,与试验结论一致。该研究结果为含三维内裂纹的孔口脆性材料的断裂理论研究提供了物理试验基础。 相似文献
6.
岩石非连续变形分析方法DDARF成功实现了模拟岩体裂纹萌生、扩展、贯通、破碎的全过程,但算法只考虑了岩体的线弹性本构模型,没有分析岩体的非线性应力-应变关系。为更符合真实岩体工程,同时扩展岩石非线性本构模型的应用范围,分别采用摩尔-库仑强度准则和最大拉应力强度准则对岩体进行剪切和拉伸破坏判断;对理想弹脆性本构模型进行算法分析,并在VC++平台下程序实现;对“自定义”的岩体非连续变形分析方法弹脆性本构模型与室内单轴压缩试验进行比较分析;将岩体非连续变形分析方法弹脆性本构模型应用于大型地下洞室开挖,并与线弹性本构模型进行对比。结果表明,非连续变形分析方法中自定义岩体弹脆性本构模型是可行的,它能够反映岩体变形的非线性特征,与室内试验吻合度较好;非连续变形分析方法弹脆性本构模型应用于大型地下工程,能更安全且真实地分析洞室围岩的稳定性,进而更好地指导地下洞室的防护措施。 相似文献
7.
This paper studies dynamic crack propagation by employing the distinct lattice spring model (DLSM) and 3‐dimensional (3D) printing technique. A damage‐plasticity model was developed and implemented in a 2D DLSM. Applicability of the damage‐plasticity DLSM was verified against analytical elastic solutions and experimental results for crack propagation. As a physical analogy, dynamic fracturing tests were conducted on 3D printed specimens using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. The dynamic stress intensity factors were recorded, and crack paths were captured by a high‐speed camera. A parametric study was conducted to find the influences of the parameters on cracking behaviors, including initial and peak fracture toughness, crack speed, and crack patterns. Finally, selection of parameters for the damage‐plasticity model was determined through the comparison of numerical predictions and the experimentally observed cracking features. 相似文献
8.
隧道爆破开挖围岩动力损伤效应数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用数值模拟技术预估岩体开裂深度及爆破损伤影响范围对工程设计可以起到事先指导作用,对施工安全具有重大意义,其中科学的、合理的损伤模型及迭代计算方法是关键。基于FLAC3D程序的用户自定义本构模块,将考虑累积应变和荷载作用时间的Yang-Liu率相关动力损伤模型与Mohr-Coulomb弹塑性本构进行耦合,将围岩破坏过程中的损伤特性反映在荷载增量迭代计算中,形成了弹塑性动力损伤本构模型,详细推导了损伤应力修正迭代计算方法。对一圆形隧道爆破开挖进行模拟,探讨了爆破诱发的质点振动衰减特征及围岩损伤分布规律。分析结果表明,爆破产生的质点振动速度峰值与其所造成的损伤具有很好的相关性。该爆破损伤模型及模拟方法可以为类似工程提供一定参考 相似文献
9.
A new phenomenological macroscopic constitutive model for the numerical simulation of quasi‐brittle fracture and ductile concrete behavior, under general triaxial stress conditions, is presented. The model is particularly addressed to simulate a wide range of confinement stress states, as also, to capture the strong influence of the mean stress value in the concrete failure mechanisms. The model is based on a two‐surface damage‐plastic formulation. The mechanical behavior in different domains of the stress space is separately described by means of a quasi‐brittle or ductile material response:
10.
为了研究煤岩和砂岩在加载过程中的损伤对岩石力学性质的影响,分别对煤岩和砂岩做单轴和三轴全应力应变加卸载实验。进而构建岩石的损伤本构方程,实验结果表明:随着岩石损伤的增大,岩石的卸载弹性模量逐渐减小,塑性应变逐渐增加,表明岩石损伤属于弹塑性损伤;同时随着围压的增大,岩石的弹性模量随损伤的增加而下降的速率减小,表明岩石损伤主要引起岩石塑性应变的增加,岩石损伤破坏逐渐由脆性破坏向塑性破坏转变。假设岩石损伤速率符合威布尔统计分布规律,在此基础上构建煤岩损伤演化方程,通过实验和相关分析构建煤和砂岩弹塑性损伤本构方程。最后用构建的本构方程对实验曲线进行拟合,验证了弹塑性损伤本构方程的正确性。 相似文献
11.
Compressive loading of granular materials causes inter‐particle forces to develop and evolve into force chains that propagate through the granular body. At high‐applied compressive stresses, inter‐particle forces will be large enough to cause particle fracture, affecting the constitutive behavior of granular materials. The first step to modeling particle fracture within force chains in granular mass is to understand and model the fracture of a single particle using actual three‐dimensional (3D) particle shape. In this paper, the fracture mode of individual silica sand particles was captured using 3D x‐ray radiography and Synchrotron Micro‐computed Tomography (SMT) during in situ compression experiments. The SMT images were used to reconstruct particle surfaces through image processing techniques. Particle surface was then imported into Abaqus finite element (FE) software where the experimental loading setup was modeled using the extended finite element method (XFEM) where particle fracture was compared to experimental fracture mode viewed in radiograph images that were acquired during experimental loading. Load‐displacement relationships of the FE analysis were also compared with experimental measurements. 3D FE modeling of particle fracture offers an excellent tool to map stress distribution and monitors crack initiation and propagation within individual sand particles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积(MICP)技术固化南海某岛礁的陆域吹填珊瑚砂,对珊瑚砂微生物固化体进行了三轴压缩试验,基于损伤力学理论建立了珊瑚砂微生物固化体的损伤本构模型。结果表明,利用MICP技术固化珊瑚砂效果好,强度高;固化体的三轴压缩应力–应变曲线可分为近似线弹性阶段、屈服阶段与延性流动阶段。将固化体划分为匀质微元进行损伤演化分析,根据连续介质损伤力学的有效应力理论与应变等效假说,定义了损伤变量,假定固化体强度服从双参数的Weibull分布及Druker-Prager准则,建立了损伤本构模型。模型参数包括固化体力学参数和Weibull分布参数,由三轴试验和线性回归法确定,并用试验资料初步验证了模型的合理性。 相似文献
13.
【目的】本构模型是描述岩体变形破坏特性、表征其力学行为最有效的方法,针对岩石受荷过程中损伤速率变化建立动态损伤演化方程及本构模型成为岩体力学重要内容。【方法】为进一步深入研究荷载作用下岩石变形破坏全过程,将受荷岩石抽象为损伤和未损伤2部分,且未损伤部分承担有效应力,损伤部分承担残余应力,基于动态损伤速率的演化特征,建立动态损伤演化方程及本构模型,通过红砂岩常规三轴压缩试验结果验证模型的合理性。【结果和结论】结果表明:模型理论曲线可较好地反映岩石受荷损伤破坏的力学行为,其动态损伤演化依次经过损伤不变、损伤加快扩展、损伤缓慢增加和完全损伤4个阶段,分别对应理论曲线的压密-弹性变形、塑性变形、峰后软化和残余变形阶段;随着围压的增加,岩石动态损伤累积速率减缓,说明围压可抑制损伤扩展,表现为岩石抗压强度的增加和塑性特性的渐次增强;最大损伤速率较为接近峰值点,并在其右侧应力下降阶段,且对应的损伤变量在不同围压下基本一致;模型参数f增加,岩石强度及塑性变形增加;模型参数m减小,岩石强度增加,但对岩石损伤变形影响较小。通过建立的演化方程及本构模型,探讨了最大损伤速率点的特征及模型参数对岩石强度和损伤变形的影响,对岩石力学的发展有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
14.
Numerical modelling of bit–rock fracture mechanisms in percussive drilling with a continuum approach
Timo Saksala 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(13):1483-1505
This paper presents a numerical method for continuum modelling of the dynamic bit–rock interaction process in percussive drilling. The method includes a constitutive model based on a combination of the recent viscoplastic consistency model, the isotropic damage concept and a parabolic compression cap. The interaction between the drill bit and rock is modelled using contact mechanics by treating the bit as a rigid body. As the bit–rock interaction in percussive drilling is a transient event, the method is implemented in explicit dynamics FEM. The rock strength heterogeneity is characterized at the mesoscopic level statistically using the Weibull distribution. The bit–rock interaction is simulated under axisymmetric conditions using cylindrical and hemispherical buttons. The choice of the quite complex constitutive model accounting, e.g. for plastic compaction, viscoplastic shear and tensile failure along with induced damage and rate dependency is justified by numerical simulations. Moreover, the quasi‐static and dynamic cases are compared in plane strain simulations. Finally, some results clarifying the discrepancy of opinions found in the literature concerning the side (lateral) crack formation are obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
三维地质模型构建方法的研究及应用 总被引:22,自引:3,他引:22
地质体三维建模是地学信息系统的核心问题之一.对三维GIS及地学领域的空间构模方法的现状进行分析,结合地质体工程特点,提出一种三维地学空间构模方法--似三棱柱(STP)法.该方法以似三棱柱体作为三维地质体建模的基本体元,并采用5类基本元素和6组拓扑关系对似三棱柱体的数据结构进行描述.它能有效地表达各种三维地质现象,也可以更好地与传统的多层TIN模型结合,维护好空间实体的拓扑关系.基于本文的建模方法开发了一个适合地质领域的三维GIS初步原型,并用实际钻孔数据进行了验证. 相似文献
16.
人工冻结法是饱水砂层开挖过程中常用的止水和临时支护方法,通过冻土损伤特性研究为冻土力学特性和冻结体稳定性分析奠定基础。为研究冻结砂土的损伤力学特性,在-5℃下进行了不同中主应力系数的冻结砂土三维室内试验。从冻土微元破坏服从Weibull随机分布的特点出发,将Drucker-Prager强度准则作为冻土微元统计分布变量,利用应变等价性假说,建立了三维应力状态下冻结砂土损伤本构模型;在此基础上,讨论模型参数F0与m和中主应力系数的关系,对模型参数进行合理修正,建立中主应力系数影响下的冻结砂土损伤本构模型,并与试验结果进行对比。分析结果表明:参数F0和m随着中主应力系数的增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势;参数F0反映了冻结砂土的强度特性,参数m代表了冻结砂土的延性及脆性特征,考虑中主应力系数影响的冻结砂土损伤本构模型能很好地模拟冻结砂土应力-应变全过程曲线。研究成果为人工冻结法工程设计提供一定的理论依据。移动阅读 相似文献
17.
针对工程实际中断续节理裂隙岩体的损伤本构模型,假设岩石微元强度服从Weibull随机分布,以摩尔-库仑破坏准则作为描述微元强度的表示方法,推导出细观损伤变量。利用能量和断裂力学理论,综合考虑节理几何特征及力学特性,推导宏观损伤变量计算公式。基于Lemaitre应变等效假设,考虑宏细观缺陷耦合作用,推导出复合损伤变量,建立了基于摩尔-库仑准则的宏细观缺陷耦合作用的断续裂隙岩体损伤本构模型。研究结果表明:(1)采用摩尔-库仑准则作为描述微元强度的统计分布变量建立的损伤模型能够较好地反映岩石内部缺陷分布和变形特征,该模型真实地反映岩石微元强度受应力状态的影响。(2)该模型建立的理论曲线与断续节理岩体的试验曲线吻合较好。(3)节理裂隙岩体宏观损伤变量及峰值强度随节理倾角的变化规律与综合考虑宏细观耦合作用下的损伤变量及裂隙岩体峰值强度随节理倾角的变化规律基本一致。(4)宏细观耦合作用下的等效弹性模量与节理贯通率呈非线性负相关;在节理倾角一定的情况下,损伤变量与节理长度呈非线性正相关;在贯通率较小时,岩体的宏观损伤变量与内摩擦角的关系呈线性负相关变化,贯通率达到一定程度,线性关系变成非线性关系。 相似文献
18.
基于能量耗散的脆性岩体张开位移数值模拟 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
高地应力大型地下洞室群的稳定性问题一直是众多岩石力学工作者的关注热点。从张开位移的产生机制出发,结合能量耗散原理,对高地应力脆性岩体能量耗散本构方程及其工程应用做了初步的探讨。从能量耗散的角度出发,引出了加、卸荷作用时的变弹模模型,并将该理论应用到弹脆性本构方程中;利用FLAC3D软件的二次开发功能,在C++的环境下进行上述模型程序模块的编写工作,实现模型的二次开发;以锦屏一级大型地下洞室群为工程背景,进行实际工程的开挖模拟计算。模拟结果表明,考虑能量耗散的弹脆性模型能更真实地反映实际开挖情况,其结果对类似工程具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
19.
断裂力学是各行业的基础学科之一。半圆弯拉(SCB)试验为该领域经典试验,目前含裂纹的SCB研究多为底部切口等表面裂纹或穿透型裂纹研究。内裂纹和内部类裂纹缺陷是材料的固有属性,但是对于SCB内裂纹扩展规律研究较少。基于3D-ILC(三维激光疲劳内裂纹)技术,分析了表面无任何影响的情况下凭空生成任意参数的纯内裂纹,在SCB试样中生成内裂纹,对含内裂纹试样进行SCB试验,分析了裂纹生长过程、应力双折射规律、I-II-III型裂纹扩展面、破坏形态、宏微观断口特征,开展数值模拟,得到裂纹尖端应力强度因子分布规律及扩展路径,与物理试验一致。结果表明:(1)基于3D-ILC的SCB内裂纹及I-II-III型扩展断裂规律明显,3D-ILC为断裂力学中的内裂纹问题研究提供了有力工具;(2)应力云纹在内裂纹处显示应力集中,SCB整体云纹在内裂纹处发生明显变异;(3)SCB试样从预制裂纹处发生压剪型起裂,发生I-II-III型裂纹扩展,分为光滑区和撕裂区,持续生长转变为动态断裂进而破坏,动态断口存在裂纹分叉出现雾化区、羽毛区特征;(4)根据M积分和最大周向应力准则,对试样进行了数值模拟,得到了试样内裂纹尖端应力强度因子分布规律及扩展路径,与试验结果一致。结论与成果对断裂力学领域的SCB试验、内裂纹、I-II-III型断裂问题、裂纹扩展路径模拟问题的研究,具有重要意义。 相似文献
20.
Mesoscale analysis of failure in quasi‐brittle materials: comparison between lattice model and acoustic emission data
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David Grégoire Laura Verdon Vincent Lefort Peter Grassl Jacqueline Saliba Jean‐Pierre Regoin Ahmed Loukili Gilles Pijaudier‐Cabot 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(15):1639-1664
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the development and the evolution of the fracture process zone during fracture and damage in quasi‐brittle materials. A model taking into account the material details at the mesoscale is used to describe the failure process at the scale of the heterogeneities. This model is used to compute histograms of the relative distances between damaged points. These numerical results are compared with experimental data, where the damage evolution is monitored using acoustic emissions. Histograms of the relative distances between damage events in the numerical calculations and acoustic events in the experiments exhibit good agreement. It is shown that the mesoscale model provides relevant information from the point of view of both global responses and the local failure process. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献