TDTMA+-柱撑蒙脱石吸附硝基苯的实验研究

以阳离子表面活性剂(十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,TDTMBA)为柱撑剂,在不同浓度条件下(0.2 CEC～2.5 CEC)制备了一系列柱撑蒙脱石,并通过XRD对有机蒙脱石进行表征,研究季铵盐离子在层间的排列结构.同时针对TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附进行研究.实验结果表明,吸附去除率受硝基苯的初始浓度、反应时间等因素的影响,而与pH值没有太大的关系.经过柱撑改性后,粘土对硝基苯的吸附能力较原土有了明显的提高.随着层间柱撑浓度的增大,柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附量也增大.另外钙基蒙脱石和平卧双层,倾斜单层以及倾斜双层的结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程,假三层结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符合Linear等温方程,这表明前者是以表面吸附为主,后者是以分配作用为主.     

HDTMA+柱撑蒙脱石的13C MAS NMR谱研究

目的 采用^13C魔角旋转核磁共振技术(MAS NMR)，对HDTMA柱撑蒙脱石层间域内由于堆垛密度差异所致的具不同排列方式的有机离子的构形进行了研究。结果表明，长链烷基在层间并不是完全刚性的(All-trans)状态，同时由不同构形离子组成的有机相之间的比例也不是不变的，而是随着有机离子在层间域内堆垛密度的增大，柱撑离子存在着一个从类似固体状态(Solid-like)到类似液体状态(Liquid-like)再到类似固体状态变化的宽范围的分子环境。其中平卧双层排列模式中有机分子所表现出的类似液体的性质最为明显，只有在较高堆垛密度的倾斜双层排列模式下层间离子才表现出较明显的类似固体状态。     

无机—有机柱撑蒙脱石对苯酚的吸附

分别用无机－有机改性柱撑蒙脱石对苯酚进行吸附试验,研究它们吸附苯酚的适宜条件圾吸附等温线（２５℃）,结果表明,用表面活性剂改性的柱撑蒙脱石,能大幅度提高对苯酚的吸附能力,柱撑蒙脱石对苯酚的吸附能力主要取决于改性粘土吸附剂的微孔结构和表面组分,而不仅仅依赖于表面积,经５００℃高温灼烧后柱撑蒙脱石柱结构及层间距（１．８３ｎｍ）稳定,因而柱撑蒙脱石可再生循环使用,是一种潜在的吸附环境污染物的物质。     

煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石材料结合态Fe(Ⅱ)对邻硝基苯酚的还原转化研究

通过铝盐与蒙脱石(Na-Mt)反应制备了铝柱撑蒙脱石(Al-Mt),同时采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)对在不同温度(200~600℃)下煅烧获得的铝柱撑蒙脱石产物(At-Mt-X)进行表征。探讨Fe(Ⅱ)与Al-Mt-X所形成的复合系统对邻硝基苯酚(2-NP)的吸附-还原降解行为,包括铝柱撑蒙脱石的煅烧温度、煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石的表面酸位变化以及溶液pH值等条件对邻硝基苯酚还原转化的影响。结果表明,由于随着煅烧温度的升高,煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石表面酸性位点会逐渐减少,使得其对Fe(Ⅱ)的还原性能增强;煅烧温度高于500℃时,煅烧改性产物与Fe(Ⅱ)形成的Fe(Ⅱ)/煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石复合系统显著提高了Fe(Ⅱ)物种的还原活性,因而有效增强对2-NP的还原降解。此外,Fe(Ⅱ)/煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石复合系统对2-NP的还原降解符合准一级反应动力学方程,表观速率常数(k)随pH值和铝柱撑蒙脱石煅烧温度的升高而增大。作为一种功能性矿物材料,煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石在缺氧环境下能有效促进吸附态Fe(Ⅱ)物种对污染物的还原降解,煅烧温度与pH值是其中两个重要的制约因素。     

不同链长烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层间域内排列方式的对比

选用含不同烷基长链的三种季铵盐——十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DDTMAB)、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵(TDTMAB)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMAB)，对河北钠交换蒙脱石进行了有机柱撑实验，以X射线衍射分析方法对实验产物进行了对比研究。结果表明，由于烷基链中所含的碳原子数目不同，三种长链季铵离子对蒙脱石的柱撑效果不同，DDTMA^ 在蒙脱石层间域内可形成平卧单层、平卧双层和假三层三种不同排列方式；TDTMA^ 与DDTMA^ 在低浓度条件下形成的前两种排列方式相同，而第三种则不同，为倾斜单层排列；HDTMA^ 有机柱撑产物中除了具有前两者的排列方式外，还具有倾斜双层排列方式。不同排列方式的复合产物可以多相共存。此外，随着柱撑剂浓度的增加，三种长链烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层间域内的排列方式及其演化是不同的。     

聚羟基铝柱撑蒙脱石吸附重金属离子实验研究

利用keggin离子对蒙脱石进行柱撑制得聚羟基铝柱撑蒙脱石,研究柱撑蒙脱石对Cu^2＋,Cd^2＋,Cr^3＋3种重金属离子的吸附。结果表明：未经焙烧的柱撑蒙脱石对Cu^2＋,Cr^3＋离子的吸附性要比原矿好,而经400℃下焙烧的柱撑蒙脱石对Cd^2＋则有更好的吸附性。用腐殖酸对柱撑蒙脱石改性能提高柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附性能,柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附量都随pH值的升高而增加。另外还对柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附动力学进行了研究．发现其动力学吸附过程可用Elovicb方程和一级动力学方程进行较好的拟合。     

柱撑粘土吸附去除水中重金属离子的实验研究

运用十二烷基磺酸钠和聚羟基硅铝对蒙脱石进行改性后的柱撑蒙脱石,分别研究了溶液的pH值,初始浓度和反应时间对Cu2 ,Cr3 和Cd2 三种重金属离子的吸附性能、平衡模型和动力学过程。结果表明:十二烷基磺酸钠柱撑蒙脱石对三种重金属离子都具有很强的吸附能力,聚羟基硅铝柱撑粘土次之;柱撑后的蒙脱石对单组分的重金属离子的吸附平衡方程符合Langmuir模型;吸附行为的动力学符合假一级动力学方程。柱撑粘土吸附去除水中重金属离子的实验研究@刘云$华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院!广州,510640 @吴平霄$华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院!广州,5…     

Fe-Al复合柱撑剂制备及对丁基黄药的吸附行为

由于蒙脱石独特的层状结构和离子交换能力,使其在污水治理领域具有良好的应用前景。本文使用共聚法制备Fe-Al复合柱撑蒙脱石（Fe-Al-MT）,采用XRD、比表面积孔径分析仪和SEM等进行表征分析,并探究了Fe-Al-MT对选矿废水中丁基黄药的吸附效果。试验结果表明,当Fe-Al复合柱撑蒙脱石中n(Fe³⁺)/n(Al³⁺)=1﹕5时,Fe-Al-MT的层间距达到1.913nm,比表面积为226.65m²/g,柱撑效果最佳。在Fe-Al-MT用量为6g/L,温度为40℃,p H=5的条件下,Fe-Al-MT对丁基黄药的去除率最高达到84.16%。根据Fe-Al-MT对丁基黄药的吸附作用研究表明该反应更符合Langmuir等温线模型,表明吸附过程属于单分子吸附。吸附动力学分析表明该吸附过程主要以化学吸附为主,符合二级动力学。     

不同分子质量聚乙二醇在蒙脱石层间的吸附作用

用蒙脱石(Mont)吸附水溶液中不同分子质量的聚乙二醇(PEG)，制备PEG／Mont复合物，采用XRD、FTIR和DTA／TG表征PEG／Mont复合物的结构。结果表明：PEG通过置换部分层间水合离子进入蒙脱石层间通道内；PEG以单层或双层平卧于蒙脱石层间；大分子质量的PEG容易形成双层复合物，但双层复合物的热稳定性较差。     

单十二烷基磷酸根离子柱撑MgAl水滑石的结构特征

通过共沉淀法、离子交换法、焙烧还原法制备出单十二烷基磷酸根离子(DDP)柱撑层状复合金属氢氧化物(LDHs)复合物。XRD和FT-IR分析表明,DDP进入到LDHs层间形成柱撑复合物,但采用3种工艺制备的复合物超分子结构有明显的不同:以共沉淀法制备的柱撑复合物层间距为3.15 nm,DDP在LDH层间呈倾斜双层排列,焙烧还原和离子交换法制备的复合物层间距为3.89 nm,DDP在LDH层间呈垂直双层排列。离子交换法制备出的DDP柱撑LDHs复合物中由于LDHs层间存在较强的静电作用力而不能使碳酸根被完全置换出来。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861