姑婆山花岗岩主岩体的稀土元素赋存状态研究

稀土元素在姑婆山花岗岩主岩体过渡相中,主要以稀土矿物和类质同象两种形式存在,并以稀土矿物形式为主,其中稀土元素含量占全岩含量的64％以上。轻稀土元素主要赋存于褐帘石和独居石中,重稀土元素主要赋存于褐钇铌矿等矿物中。岩石中至少有65％以上的稀土元素赋存于抗风化能力小的矿物中,为花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床提供了物质来源。     

漳州复式岩体主要造岩矿物稀土元素地球化学特征

对漳州复合岩体各次侵入岩主要造岩矿物稀土元素实际含量的系统研究表明，其稀土分布型式和稀讲土含量都具有内在规律性且随着岩浆的分异演化而发生规律性变化。Ⅰ型花岗岩和Ａ型花岗岩中造矿物的稀土元素地球化学特点有明显区别；副矿物在岩石中虽含量较低，但其中稀土元素含量极高，因而对全岩稀白的贡献动较大，尤其是偏酸性岩石。     

湖南姑婆山花岗岩稀土矿物特征

湖南姑婆山花岗岩为一富含轻稀土元素为主的复式岩体,是我省综合开发利用稀土资源最有远景的地区之一。笔者对该岩体的副矿物、特别是稀土矿物作了较详细的研究,查明了岩体中主要稀土矿物的含量及变化,并新发现了氟铈矿、氟碳钙铈矿,硅铍钇矿、方铈石和钇钍石等稀土矿物。并对其特征作了较详细的论述。     

湖南铜山岭花岗闪长岩中榍石微区原位Nd同位素和微量元素组成及其岩石成因的指示意义

与热液矿床形成有关的花岗质岩石普遍遭受热液蚀变,且全岩成分仅代表均一化某一时间点的信息,采用全岩成分分析难以有效地揭示花岗质岩石的形成与演化。花岗质岩石中副矿物稳定不容易蚀变,近年原位测试技术的快速发展和日趋成熟,可以准确获取副矿物原位元素和同位素组成,通过副矿物元素和同位素组成可以有效地揭示岩浆来源和演化信息,显著提高了岩浆作用过程的空间分辨率,成为探讨岩石成因的新手段。本文以湘南与铜铅锌多金属成矿密切相关的铜山岭岩体为研究对象,利用电子探针(EPMA)、激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)和激光剥蚀多接收等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICP-MS)等原位测试技术,对花岗闪长岩和暗色包体两类岩石样品中的副矿物榍石开展了原位元素和Nd同位素分析。结果表明：所有榍石中Al+Fe与Ti具有明显的负相关关系且稀土元素含量较高,稀土元素与Al和Fe一起主要通过(Al, Fe³⁺)+REE=Ti⁴⁺+O^2-方式替换榍石的Ti位和Ca位而进入晶格。球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式上,大部分榍石显示Eu正异常。榍石中微量元素对Zr/Hf、...     

利用裂变径迹方法研究碱交代作用中铀赋存状态的变化

本文介绍了采用裂变径迹方法研究碱交代作用中铀在岩石主要矿物中的赋存状态的变化,结果表明,经碱交代作用,岩石中主要造岩矿物的铀含量明显降代;含铀副矿物大部分消失,铀被带出;裂变径迹方法可以直观、定量地用于成矿元素在矿物中迁移的研究。     

赣中周潭群变质沉积岩的微量元素地球化学研究

对赣中周潭群变质沉积岩及其石榴子石等造岩矿物的稀土元素地球化学进行了详细研究.结果表明:造岩矿物只携载了岩石中少部分稀土元素,而大部分稀土元素赋存在副矿物的晶格中;变质过程中稀土元素在石榴子石变斑晶与岩石间达到了分配平衡,石榴子石/岩石间的稀土元素分配明显受体系化学组成所制约;变质岩脉及其矿物的稀土元素组成显示清楚的四重效应,其Zr-Hf,U-Th和Y-Ho等元素对也与变质岩发生了一定程度的分异,它们可作为周潭群在变质过程中流体作用存在的判别标志.     

西华山花岗岩体的稀土模式及有关成因问题

本文提供了西华山花岗岩体各类岩石19件样品的稀土元素含量测定数据。由此得出的稀土模式表明,岩体的演化主要经历了岩浆期结晶分异作用和岩浆后期熔体-溶液渗浸改造作用两个阶段。而相应于岩体的结晶、分异和演化,花岗岩中稀土元素含量呈有规律地变化。这一结果和作者所做的实际观察结论及有关其他岩石、矿物及地球化学证据十分一致。     

粤东北泗水晶洞花岗岩基本特征

粤东北泗水岩体晶洞花岗岩岩性为(中)细粒斑状角闪黑云二长花岗岩,具岩体边缘发育的特征.副矿物组合属磁铁矿-榍石-磷灰石-锆石型.其岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素及同位素地球化学特征表明,岩石主要具"S"型花岗岩的特征,兼有"I"型花岗岩的特征.岩体的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(143±4)×106a,成岩时代为晚侏罗世.     

河南省卢氏县灰池子岩体外围花岗伟晶型铀矿地质特征研究

灰池子岩体外围发育大量的伟晶岩脉,是伟晶岩型铀矿的重要富集区,已在陕西境内发现2个大型伟晶岩型铀矿床。经过近几年的铀矿勘查,在河南省卢氏县灰池子岩体外围也发现了伟晶岩型铀矿体,证明该区存在巨大的铀矿找矿潜力。然而,由于该区研究程度较低,不利于进一步的铀矿勘查。文章以灰池子岩体外围含铀伟晶岩为研究对象,在全面分析其宏观、微观及地球化学特征的基础上,指出研究区伟晶岩型铀矿以晶质铀矿和铀钍石的形式赋存于黑云母花岗伟晶岩中,并提出了伟晶岩型铀矿的宏观、微观及地球化学找矿标志。通过对研究区伟晶岩铀矿石与光石沟铀矿石的对比研究,发现两区铀矿石虽具有相似的矿物组成及结构构造等特征,但在常量及微量元素含量、副矿物种类、岩石分异度、稀土元素及微量元素配分等方面存在一定差异,推测导致这种差异的主要原因与两个地区所处的构造位置及岩浆活动强烈程度有关。     

黔北务—正—道铝土矿中稀土元素赋存状态

铝土矿中常伴生稀土等重要的战略性矿产资源,具有巨大潜在经济价值.本文通过化学物相分析,包括水溶相、离子相、胶态沉积相和矿物相4个相态进行逐级分离,以及碳酸盐类、有机质、铁矿物类、石英及硅酸盐类进行逐级分离等,研究了黔北务—正—道铝土矿中稀土元素的赋存状态.结果表明,该区铝土矿中稀土元素主要是以矿物相和离子相为主,水溶相稀土和胶态沉积相稀土极少,且矿物相稀土元素主要赋存于硅酸盐类矿物中.结合该区铝土矿矿物组成特征,认为粘土矿物是其中稀土元素主要的载体矿物,主要呈类质同象形式赋存于粘土矿物(如高岭石和绿泥石等)中,部分稀土元素呈分散状态被铝矿物(如一水硬铝石、软水铝石、三水铝石等)以及粘土矿物吸附.     

REE Abundance and REE Minerals in Granitic Rocks in the Nanling Range,Jiangxi Province,Southern China,and Generation of the REE‐rich Weathered Crust Deposits

Studies of Mesozoic granites associated with rare earth element (REE)‐rich weathered crust deposits in southernmost Jiangxi Province indicate that they have high‐K to shoshonite compositions and belong to ilmenite‐series I‐type granites. Of the studied rocks at 59–292 ppm of bulk REE content, the highest are seen in the biotite granites of Dingnan (358, 429 ppm) and mafic biotite granite of the Wuliting Granite (344 ppm) near the Dajishan tungsten mine, both areas where weathered‐crust REE deposits occur. REE‐bearing accessory minerals in these granites are mainly zircon, apatite and allanite, and REE‐fluorocarbonates are common. REE enrichment occurs in the rims of apatite crystals, and in fluorocarbonates that occur along grain boundaries of and cracks in major silicate minerals, and in fluorocarbonates that replaced altered biotite. It is therefore thought that a major part of the REE content of these granites was concentrated during deuteric activity, rather than during magmatic crystallization. The crack‐filling REE‐fluorocarbonates could subsequently have been easily leached out and deposited in weathered crust developed during a long period of exposure.     

REE Mineralization of Weathered Crust and Clay Sediment on Granitic Rocks in the Sanyo Belt,SW Japan and the Southern Jiangxi Province,China

Rare earth element (REE) geochemistry and mineralogy have been studied in the weathered crusts derived from the Early Yanshanian (Jurassic) biotite granites of Dabu and Dingnan, as well as in the Indosinian (Permian) muscovite–biotite granite of Aigao in southern Jiangxi province, China, and the weathered crusts and clay sediments on biotite granites in the Sanyo belt, SW Japan, that is, Okayama, Tanakami, and Naegi areas. In all of the weathered crusts, biotite and plagioclase commonly tend to decrease toward the upper part of the profile, whereas kaolinite and residual quartz and K‐feldspar increase. The weathered crusts of the Dingnan granites and some Naegi granites, which are characterized by the enrichment in light REE (LREE) in C horizons, have higher total REE (ΣREE) content than the parent REE‐enriched granites. Weathering of LREE‐bearing apatite and fluorocarbonates in the Dingnan granites and allanite and apatite in some Naegi granites may account for the leaching of LREE at the B horizons. The leached LREE must result in subsequent enrichment of LREE in the C horizons. The enrichment is probably associated with mainly adsorption onto kaolinite and partly formation of possible secondary LREE‐bearing minerals. In Japan it was found that REE mineralization occurs not in the weathered granitic crusts but in reworked clay sediments, especially kaolinite‐rich layers, derived mainly from the weathering materials of REE‐enriched granitic rocks. The clay sediments are more enriched in LREE, which likely adsorbed onto kaolinite. Concentration of heavy REE within almost all the weathered crusts and clay sediments, however, may reflect mainly residual REE‐bearing minerals such as zircon, which originated in the parent granitic rocks. The findings of the present study support the three processes for fractionation of the REE during weathering: (i) selective leaching of rocks containing both stable and unstable REE‐bearing minerals; (ii) adsorption onto clay minerals; and (iii) presence of possible secondary LREE‐bearing minerals.     

Accessory mineralization of rocks from Late Cretaceous intrusive series with Li–F granites in the Far East

Accessory mineralization of the Late Cretaceous intrusive series in the Far East was investigated on the basis of published data and the author’s original evidence. The composition of accessory minerals from leucogranite, monzonitoid rocks, and Li–F granites has been established. The trend in the evolution of Late Cretaceous granitoids is characterized by an increase in the mineral-forming role of iron and rare elements. Diverse accessory minerals and their typomorphic assemblages have been identified for Li–F granites and ongonites. The regional specificity of accessory mineralization in rare-metal granites consists in the leading role of the minerals W, Ta, Nb, Bi, Y, REE, and As. The uniformity of mineral species and mineral assemblages and the typomorphism and evolution of accessory minerals are inherent to the Far East belt of Li–F granites.     

Geology and rare-earth element geochemistry of highly evolved, molybdenite-bearing granitic plutons, Southeastern Desert, Egypt

The field relations, mineralogy, and major and trace elements (including REE analyses of whole-rock samples and minerals) of granites and their associated molybdenite uranium mineralized aplites in Southeastern Desert, Egypt, have been studied. The granites are leucocratic and mostly peraluminous in nature with muscovite increasing at the expense of biotite. The chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the granitic rocks indicate that their melts originated from the LILE-enriched mantle wedge by partial melting and are contaminated by crustal melts, followed by thermogravitational processes. Leucogranites with higher Na2O/K2O ratios from Um Dargag and Um Maiat crystallized under H2O-saturated equilibrium conditions in which the exsolved vapor continuously migrated away. The REE patterns of the granites studied are characterized by LREE enrichments and negative Eu anomalies. In comparison, the potassic aplites and the more sodic leucogranites are depleted in LREE, enriched in HREE and show more remarkable negative Eu anomalies. Allanite and monazite are the most important REE carriers in the granites. These minerals are strongly enriched in LREE, whereas fluorite and xenotime, which are more abundant in the aplites, are enriched in HREE. The average Lu/Ce ratio represents the fractionation trend with respect to HREE. It is 0.71 for radioactive fluorite, and it increases to 1.22 for non-radioactive fluorite. The high REE contents of molybdenite represent re-deposition of the mobilized Mo and REE. Due to the strong control of accessory minerals, the REEs are of limited use in petrogenetic modelling of highly evolved granitic systems.     

Behaviour of rare-earth elements in highly evolved granitic systems: Evidence from Proterozoic molybdenite mineralized aplites and associated granites in northern Sweden

Field relations, mineralogy, major- and trace-element contents (including REE analyses of whole-rock samples and minerals) of three Proterozoic granites and their associated molybdenite mineralized aplites have been studied at Allebuoda, Munka and Kåtaberget in northern Sweden. The granites crystallized from melts that were not saturated with water. The mineralized potassic aplites formed by quenching of residual melts caused by sudden pressure drop, H₂O saturation and vapour escape during tectonic rupturing. Leucogranites with higher Na₂O/K₂O ratios from Allebuoda and Munka crystallized during H₂O-saturated equilibrium conditions in which the exsolved vapour could continuously migrate away. The pressure was probably 3 kbar at Munka, and somewhat lower at Allebuoda.

The granites have REE patterns characterized by LREE enrichments and negative Eu anomalies. In comparison, the potassic aplites and the more sodic leucogranites are depleted in LREE, enriched in HREE and have larger negative Eu anomalies. Allanite and monazite are the most important REE carriers in the granites. These minerals are strongly enriched in LREE, whereas fluorite and xenotime, which are more abundant in the aplites, are most enriched in HREE. Due to the strong control of accessory minerals on the REE balance, REE are of limited use in petrogenetic modelling of highly evolved granitic systems.     

月球花岗岩--比较行星学意义

与大陆地壳广泛出露的花岗岩不同,在月球表面仅发现了少量细小的花岗岩碎屑,此外有长英质组分以熔体包裹体形式出现于月球玄武岩的矿物中。月球花岗岩碎屑的主要矿物为石英、钾长石和钙质斜长石,具花斑状结构;含少量铁橄榄石、单斜辉石、钛铁矿、锆石、磷灰石、白磷钙矿等矿物,缺少含水矿物。月球花岗岩富K2O,富Ba,相容元素(Cr、Sc、Co、V)含量比其它月岩低,具有平坦或Ⅴ型的REE型式,负Eu异常明显。它们的化学特征可以用硅酸盐液态不混熔来解释。月球花岗岩的结晶年龄在4．4～3．9Ga间,具有至少8个年龄峰,可能代表了与花岗岩形成相关的8次独立的岩浆事件。由于月球花岗岩成因和分布对于认识月球演化和岩浆作用历史至关重要,在新一轮的深空探测中,应更加重视对月球花岗岩的研究。     

福建漳州复式岩体磁铁矿的成因矿物学特征

漳州花岗岩岩基共分两期七次(Ⅰ-Ⅶ)侵入,是中国东南沿海燕山晚期有代表性的大型复式岩体。笔者对区内各类花岗岩磁铁矿作了较深入的矿物学工作,包括晶出产状、晶体形态、X射线衍射、红外谱学、化学成分及稀土元素地球化学等方面的研究。本文重点论述磁铁矿的标型特征及成因意义,并提出区分不同成因花岗岩类岩石磁铁矿矿物学的判别标志,结合副矿物组合及岩石化学特点,对区内早、晚两期花岗岩类的成因分别判别为I型和A型花岗岩。     

Zircon and granite petrology

The typologic study of zircon populations from granitic rocks lead to the proposition of a genetic classification with three main divisions: (1) granites of crustal or mainly crustal origin [(sub) autochthonous and aluminous granites)]; (2) granites of crustal+mantle origin, hybrid granites (calc-alkaline and sub-alkaline series granites); (3) granites of mantle or mainly mantle origin (alkaline and tholeiitic series granites). In detail, there are many petrogenetic variants of each of the following granitic rocks: granodiorite, monzogranite and alkaline granite. The variations observed with zircon typology are accompanied petrographically by modifications of associations of other main and accessory minerals, and on the field by the presence or absence of basic microgranular xenoliths, associated microgranites, rhyolites or basic rocks. In the typologic diagram, some endogenous non granitic rocks (i.e. migmatites, tonalites, rhyolites ...) show a logical distribution with regard to different genetic stocks of granitic rocks.     

REE Tetrad Effects in Rare—metal Granites

Described in this paper are the characteristics of tetrad effects of REE in rare-metal granites.Based on the analytical data and experimental geochemical data available,it is pointed out that the tetrad effects of REE in the granites are produced in the metal-fluid system.Intense fractional crystallization of granitic melt(containing REE accessary minerals)and its interaction with volatile-rich(F,Cl)fluid are the major factors leading to the tetrad effects of REE.From this,this paper presents a composite genetic model for high-degree fractional crystallization-volatile-rich fluid metasomatism of rare-metal granites.With the model,quantitative calculations have been made.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that the tetrad effects of REE can be used as an important indicator to distinguish mineralized granites from barren ones.