Full waveform inversion based on initial model built from envelope inversion

Full waveform inversion is a fitting process based on full seismic wave field simulation data using the full waveform information in seismic records and theoretically it is the ultimate goal of seismic inversion.Howev-er, there are many problems to be solved in practical application.Firstly, it is the strong nonlinear problem be-tween the seismic wave field and inversion parameters;secondly, the lack of low-frequency information in seis-mic records.In this study, the envelope is used as objective function inversion to provide the inversion result for the multi-scale full waveform inversion as the initial model, solving the lack of low-frequency information in seismic records.Taking the envelope of seismic records as the objective function in combination of multi-scale full waveform inversion became a new inversion strategy, which naturally achieved the compensation of shortage of low-frequency information and inversion from low frequency to high frequency, reducing the non-linearity in the inversion process.The comparison of the result of full waveform inversion of the initial model built through envelope inversion with the result of the conventional multi-scale full waveform inversion indicates the effective-ness of envelope inversion for the recovery of low-frequency information in seismic records.     

Dual-parameter shaping regularized full waveform inversion in frequency domain

The regularization contributes to the resolution and stability in geophysical inversion. The authors apply dual-parameter shaping regularization to full waveform inversion,aiming at two points:( 1) improving the boundary resolution,and( 2) increasing convergence. Firstly,the forward modeling is done,and the inversion is processed with the optimal solution. Compared with classical Tikhonov regularization scheme,the method reflects better resolution and stronger convergence. Then,Marmousi model is experimented and inversed,and the deep structure has a sharper outline. The phase residual comparison illustrates weaker cycle-slipping. And a choice scheme of parameter is applied in FWI.     

Joint inversion of magnetotelluric and fullwaveform seismic data based on alternating cross-gradient structural constraints

Magnetotelluric(MT)inversion and seismic inversion are important methods for the interpretation of subsurface exploration data,but separate inversion of MT and seismic produces ambiguous and non-unique results due to various factors.In order to achieve accurate results,the authors propose a joint inversion method of two-dimensional MT and seismic data in the frequency domain.The finite element method is used for numerical simulation of electromagnetic data in the forward modelling,and the Gauss-Newton method is used for the inversion.The 9-point-finite-difference method is used to solve the seismic wave field in the acoustic wave equation,and the inverse problem of seismic data is solved by full waveform inversion with a conjugate gradient,a simple and fast method.Cross gradient functions are used to provide constraint structure between resistivity and velocity parameters to carry out the joint inversion.The joint inversion algorithm is tested by double-rectangular model synthesis data,and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified.The results show that the joint inversion results are better than those from separate inversion.The algorithm is applied to a geophysical model of a metalliferous deposit in Jinchuan and is compared with the separate inversion results.It shows that the results obtained with joint inversion are much closer to the real model.     

Full waveform inversion with spectral conjugate gradient method

Spectral conjugate gradient method is an algorithm obtained by combination of spectral gradient me-thod and conjugate gradient method,which is characterized with global convergence and simplicity of spectral gradient method,and small storage of conjugate gradient method.Besides,the spectral conjugate gradient method was proved that the search direction at each iteration is a descent direction of objective function even without relying on any line search method.Spectral conjugate gradient method is applied to full waveform inversion for numerical tests on Marmousi model.The authors give a comparison on numerical results obtained by steepest descent method,conjugate gradient method and spectral conjugate gradient method,which shows that the spectral conjugate gradient method is superior to the other two methods.     

地震勘探全波形反演的应用与发展分析

本文首先对20世纪80年代发展起来的全波形反演应用及其在勘探地球物理领域的发展进行了分析;其次,面对定量化、精细化的地震勘探要求,提出了将地震勘探全波形反演与其他数据处理环节或处理技术相结合的研究设想,并展望了全波形反演的发展趋势;最后,论述了全波形反演研究中地震波场数值模拟、反演初始速度模型获取、目标函数形式选择、寻优算法启用及各向异性介质中的应用等关键问题,并总结了通过Laplace域的全波形反演获取反演初始速度模型、结合射线追踪并充分发挥并行计算之于波动方程方法来模拟地震波场的巨大优势,及灵活选用反演目标函数形式和寻优算法更新速度模型参数来加快全波形反演方法的实用化进程。     

近震波形反演震源机制解方法对比研究

分别利用近震波形反演求解震源机制解的gCAP方法和全波形反演方法反演了鲁甸MS6.5地震的震源机制解,并比较两种方法的优点与特性。结果发现,数据方位角的覆盖范围会影响解的稳定性,在使用gCAP方法时尤其需要注意;两种方法获取的震源机制解结果较为一致,走向为73°~77°,倾角为72°~85°,滑动角为157°~180°。     

基于波形指示模拟的致密砂岩储层预测

随着勘探开发的不断深入,地质目标逐渐由常规储层转向非常规储层。鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘砂岩储层纵向叠置、厚度薄、横向变化快,传统的反演技术无法满足薄储层精细预测的要求。波形指示模拟基于波形相控的思路,利用地震波形代替变差函数分析储层的分布特征,可以实现非阻抗参数模拟,是一种高精度反演技术。综合地质、地震和测井资料,基于自然伽马曲线,对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘MG区块进行了波形指示模拟,刻画出目的层砂岩储层的分布规律。结果表明,波形指示模拟具有较高的横、纵向分辨率,反演结果与钻井吻合度较好,与地震波形相关性强,能够反映储层的空间变化情况,且比较符合研究区的地质沉积规律。因此,波形指示模拟作为一种更高效的反演方法,为薄层、薄互储层的精细研究提供了有力支撑,有助于最大程度地实现对气藏资源的开发和利用。     

Full waveform inversion based on improved MLQN method

Full waveform inversion( FWI) is a challenging data-fitting procedure between model wave field value and theoretical wave field value. The essence of FWI is an optimization problem,and therefore,it is important to study optimization method. The study is based on conventional Memoryless quasi-Newton( MLQN)method. Because the Conjugate Gradient method has ultra linear convergence,the authors propose a method by using Fletcher-Reeves( FR) conjugate gradient information to improve the search direction of the conventional MLQN method. The improved MLQN method not only includes the gradient information and model information,but also contains conjugate gradient information. And it does not increase the amount of calculation during every iterative process. Numerical experiment shows that compared with conventional MLQN method,the improved MLQN method can guarantee the computational efficiency and improve the inversion precision.     

利用sPn震相测定台湾海峡M6.2地震震源深度

采用波形互相关技术获得Pn震相准确到时,然后应用滑动时窗相关法获取sPn与Pn震相的走时差,通过该走时差测定台湾海峡M6.2地震震源深度为14.7 km,并对测定的结果进行分析解释。对比本文计算结果与CAP方法的反演结果得出,本文研究方法更加方便、快捷、精确。     

Study of frequency domain full waveform inversion based on Huber norm and L-BFGS algorithm

Full waveform inversion( FWI)is a high resolution inversion method,which can reveal detailed in-formation of the structure and lithology under comPlex geological background. It is limited by many kinds...     

Multi-component joint inversion of gravity gradient based on fast forward calculation

With the development of gravity gradient full tensor measurement technique , three-dimensional (3D) inversion based on gravity gradient tensor can provide more accurate information .But the forward calcula-tion of 3D full tensor sensitivity matrix is very time-consuming, which restricts its development and application . According to the symmetry of the kernel function , the authors reconstruct the underground source of geological body to avoid repeat computation of the same value , and work out the corresponding relationship between the re-sponse of geological body to the observation point and the response of reconstructed geological body to the obser -vation point .According to the relationship , rapid calculation of full tensor gravity sensitivity matrix can be achieved .The model calculation shows that this method can increase the speed of 30-45 times compared with the traditional calculation method .The sensitivity matrix is applied to the multi-component inversion of gravity gradient .The application of this method on the measured data provides the basis for the promotion of the meth -od.     

使用震源机制解反演内蒙古东部地区构造应力场

使用内蒙古地震台网2008-01~2017-12记录的数字地震波形观测资料,采用基于P波初动和振幅比联合求解（FOCMEC）方法计算震源机制,获得内蒙古东部地区发生的138个ML≥2.5地震的震源机制解。对震源机制解特征进行分析显示,研究区地震震源类型以走滑型为主,兼有一定比例的逆冲型,而正断型相对较少,P轴和T轴走向的优势方向分别为NEE-SWW向和NNW-SSE向。将研究区划分为1°×1°的网格,采用阻尼区域应力反演（MSATSI）方法获得研究区的应力张量和应力场图像。应力场反演结果显示,内蒙古东部地区应力状态主要表现为走滑,局部区域存在剪切、挤压,最大主应力方向主要分布在NEE-SWW向,由北向南顺时针旋转。     

深源远震波形反演介质层状结构

在远场正演计算的基础上，运用３０°～９０°的四个不同深源远震记录波形，通过试错法选取台站下方的结构，借助波场反向重建算法，反演确定宜昌台站下方的速度结构。这一算法的实现有助于提高用试错法所得结果的可靠性和精确度，对于利用天然地震资料研究地球深部构造有一定的实用价值。     

Wavelet packet envelope multi-scale full waveform inversion

Full waveform inversion ( FWI) is an effective tool for constructing high resolution velocity models, but it is affected by a local minima problem.Without long offsets and low frequency data, it is difficult to apply the conventional multi-scale FWI to actual seismic data.In this study, the large offset and low frequency infor-mation are provided by the method of wavelet packet envelope for the conventional FWI.The gradient can be computed efficiently with the adjoint state method without any additional computational cost.Marmousi synthetic data is used to illustrate that, compared with Hilbert envelope-based FWI, wavelet packet envelope FWI can provide an adequately accurate model for the conventional FWI approach even when the initial model is far from the true model and the low-frequency data are missing.     

青海门源MS6.4地震震源机制解与震源深度研究

选取甘肃、青海和宁夏区域测震台网19个宽频带数字台站的地震波形,采用CAP震源机制解方法,研究2016-01-21青海省门源县MS6.4地震,得到其震源机制解和最佳震源深度。反演结果显示,最佳双力偶解为,节面Ⅰ：走向143°,倾角40°,滑动角71°,节面Ⅱ：走向347.2°,倾角52.6°,滑动角105.3°,地震矩震级为MW5.9,最优深度解为7.7 km,与其他结果（CENC、IGP-CEA、Harvard）基本一致。利用滑动时窗相关法提取Pn、sPn震相,再利用其到时差测定震源深度为8.5 km,与CAP结果基本一致,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于QSSP的震源破裂过程反演方法

在Qt平台上,基于QSSP软件,利用C⁺⁺进行地震破裂过程反演方法研究。采用按阶段反演的方法,第1阶段反演采用热浴算法进行全局搜索,先按断层区域的构造背景等初始条件对参数范围进行划取,在该范围内随机给定一组初始值开始迭代,使波形初步拟合避开局部最优解;第2阶段反演使用拟牛顿法进行快速收敛,提高波形拟合程度,迭代至目标函数小于误差条件时停止,输出满足误差条件的待解模型参数。为避免模型参数出现病态问题,使用拉普拉斯方程建立平滑矩阵并引入平滑因子对断层模型进行平滑约束。使用棋盘模型验证该方法的稳定性和可靠性。最后,将全国13个台站的重力数据积分后对2013-04-20芦山7.0级地震的破裂过程进行反演,并与其他研究结论进行对比分析。     

漾濞M6.4地震序列M≥5.0地震震源机制解及构造特征

基于滇西北密集台阵资料,采用绝对定位结合相对定位方法,对漾濞M6.4地震的前-主-余震进行重定位。同时,利用CAP全波形反演震源机制方法,获得此次地震序列中M≥5.0地震的震源机制解和矩心深度,并结合地震序列精定位结果对漾濞地震进行分析。结果表明,漾濞地震序列呈NW向展布,长约25~30 km,宽约5 km,主震在整个序列空间北端,且北部余震较集中。漾濞M6.4主震矩震级为M_W6.03,矩心深度5.8 km,节面Ⅱ走向133°、倾角75°、滑动角-164°,与序列空间展布方向一致,为NW-SE向。M≥5.0地震震源机制和地震震源深度剖面皆表现为高倾角,且从北西到南东有变缓趋势,M6.4地震具有东南侧单侧破裂特征,节面Ⅱ为发震断层面。漾濞M6.4地震为一次NW向高倾角右旋走滑型地震,发震构造为维西-乔后-巍山断裂带西侧一条NW向的隐伏断裂或次生断裂,该断裂可能与维西-乔后断裂带不完全平行,存在一定夹角。     

3D joint inversion of controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric and magnetotelluric data

Different geophysical exploration methods have significant differences in terms of exploration depth, especially in frequency domain electromagnetic(EM) exploration. According to the definition of skin depth, this difference will increase with the effective detection frequency of the method. As a result,when performing three-dimensional inversion on single type of EM data, it is not possible to effectively distinguish the subsurface geoelectric structure at the full scale. Therefore, it is neces...     

2020-07-12河北唐山MS5.1地震震源参数及发震构造分析

基于河北区域数字地震台网资料,采用CAP波形反演方法计算2020-07-12唐山M_S5.1地震的震源机制解,同时采用sPL深度震相方法对震源深度进行精确测定。结果显示,唐山M_S5.1地震震源机制解节面Ⅰ走向143°、倾角83°、滑动角-14°,节面Ⅱ走向235°、倾角76°、滑动角-173°;sPL深度震相方法测定的主震震源深度为14 km,与CAP波形反演方法的计算结果一致。结合地震序列分布特征、等震线形态、区域地质构造及深地震反射剖面等资料分析认为,节面Ⅱ为发震断层面,并推测此次地震的发震断层为唐山-古冶断裂。     

基于改进线性光谱分离模型的植被覆盖度反演

线性光谱分离技术可以有效地提取像元水平上植被或其他端元(影像中的地物)的相对百分比,但是目前该技术在多光谱宽波段影像数据应用中,由于波段数量、波段宽度等的限制,估算精度离定量研究的水平仍有一定差距。鉴于此,本文提出了一种改进的线性光谱分离方法,该方法在对影像进行土地覆盖分类基础上进行分离,一方面同类土地覆盖类型内同种地物的光谱变异相对较小,更有利于端元选取;另一方面,分影像的地物种类数量明显少于整幅影像,更容易满足模型的适用条件,从而突破了波段数量限制,同时使地物光谱分离更具针对性,经过验证,该方法较传统分离方法相比植被覆盖度的反演精度可提高6.4%,用该方法实现了研究区的植被覆盖度的定量反演并对研究区植被覆盖度的空间结构进行了分析。