Geology and Lead-Isotope Study of the Baiyinnuoer Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit, South Segment of the Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeastern China

The Baiyinnuoer deposit (32.74 Mt ore with grades of 5.44% Zn, 2.02% Pb and 31.36 g t^?1 Ag), the largest Zn‐Pb‐Ag deposit in northern China, is hosted by crystalline limestone and slate of the Early Permian Huanggangliang Formation. Detailed cross‐section mapping indicates stratigraphic and fold structural controls on the mineralization. The Zn‐Pb‐Ag mineralization is hosted predominantly by skarn, which occurs as bedding‐parallel lens that pinch out at the margins of the main economic zone. Three skarn stages are identified at the deposit: (i) garnet‐clinopyroxene; (ii) sulfides; and (iii) carbonate‐epidote. Lead isotopic compositions were determined for galena and sphalerite of the ores, whole rock samples of the Yanshanian granite and granodiorite, Permian marble and tuff, and Jurassic volcanic and subvolcanic rocks in and around the Baiyinnuoer area in order to discuss the sources of ore‐forming materials and the relationship between the ore formation and these whole rocks. Galena and sphalerite of the Baiyinnuoer ore have uniform isotopic ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 18.267–18.369; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.506–15.624; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 38.078–38.394) consistent with the granite and granodiorite (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 18.252–18.346; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.504–15.560; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 38.141–38.320), whereas the ratios for Jurassic volcanic and subvolcanic rocks are variable and radiogenic (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 18.468–18.614; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.521–15.557; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 38.304–38.375). These results indicate that the mineralization was not related to the Jurassic volcanism, but to the Yanshanian magmatism. The Permian strata may have a slight contribution to the mineralization. All features show that the Baiyinnuoer deposit is related to the Yanshanian granitic magmatism, and can be classified as a zinc‐lead‐silver skarn deposit.     

Metal deposits in the Da Hinggan Mountains,NE China: styles,characteristics, and exploration potential

The Da Hinggan Mountains mineral province (DHMP), northeastern China, is divided into three tectonic units and corresponding metallogenic belts. The tectonic units of the Da Hinggan Mountains are the Erguna fold zone on the northwest, the Hercynian fold zone on the north, and the Hercynian fold zone on the south. The corresponding metallogenic belts are the Erguna Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Mo-Au belt of the NW DHMP, the Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo-Fe-Au belt of the northern DHMP, and the Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Sn-Fe-Mo belt of the southern DHMP. Distinct ore bodies, mostly associated with Mesozoic granites and volcanics, comprise (1) hydrothermal vein deposits including Pb-Zn-Ag-(Cu) and W‐Sn-Cu, (2) exhalative (Pb-Zn-Ag, Cu) deposits, (3) porphyry (Cu, Au, Mo), (4) skarn (Fe, Zn, Cu), and (5) epithermal Au-Ag deposits. The hydrothermal veins are hosted by a range of different rock types, whereas the exhalative ores are confined to Permian strata. The porphyry deposits occur within granite porphyries. The epithermal deposits are related to Mesozoic volcanic-subvolcanic rocks and occur within superjacent igneous structures. The first type, represented by the Bairendaba deposit, shows many characteristics of hydrothermal deposits. The second type occurs in a Permian clastic-chemical sedimentary sequence. Most Fe-Zn-Cu deposits related to granites and granodiorites are skarns. Granodiorite and granite-related deposits are typical porphyry ores, formed during Hercynian and Mesozoic time. Promising metallogenic conditions and the recent discovery of many large metal deposits indicate that this mineral province has a great exploration potential.     

Tin–polymetallic Mineralization in the Southern Part of the Da Hinggan Mountains, China

Abstract: The southern part of the Da Hinggan Mountains is the only tin-polymetallic concentration area in northern China. Based on ore-forming element assemblages, three metallogenic series, the Sn(W), paragenetic Sn–polymetallic, and poly-metallic series, are recognized. The Sn(W) series, consisting of greisen, skarn and vein types, is associated with ilmenite–series, potassic feldspar (Kf)–granites. The polymetallic Pb–Zn–Cu series with porphyry, skarn and vein types, is related to magnetite–series, granodiorite – monzonite. On the contrary, the paragenetic Sn-polymetallic series mineralization is associated with the coexisting igneous activities of Kf-granite and granodiorite–monzonite, and it is suggested that the paragenetic Sn-polymetallic series is caused by the superimposed mineralization with tin from ilmenite-series magma and polymetallic elements from magnetite-series magma–hydrothermal system. All the three series possess similar metallogenic age, concentrating on J₃–K₁ (130–150 Ma). The melting of high maturity and tin-rich Xilinhot Proterozoic complex (micro–massif) during Mesozoic period, could generate the ilmenite–series, tin-bearing felsic magma, and cause the tin mineralization in the southern part of the Da Hinggan Mountains.     

大兴安岭南段不同构造环境中的两类花岗岩

大兴安岭南段主要分布有海西和燕山两个时代的花岗岩类,它们在产出构造环境、地貌形态、地质产状、岩石组合、侵位方式、造岩矿物、岩石化学、锶同位素初始比值及其矿产等诸方面,都存在着较大的差别。海西期花岗岩类主要与板块俯冲有关,属挤压环境下形成的造山钙碱性花岗岩系列。燕山期花岗岩类则主要与大陆边缘断裂活动有关,属引张环境下地幔上隆所引发的亚碱性—碱性非造山花岗岩系列,且随时间推移,拉张强度加剧,岩石碱性程度增高。     

Re-Os Geochronology of Porphyry Molybdenum Deposit in South Segment of Da Hinggan Mountains,Northeast China

The ages for porphyry Mo deposits in south segment of Da Hinggan Mountains,Northeast China,are not well known.Five molybdenite samples from the Aolunhua(奥伦花) porphyry Mo deposit,five molybdenite samples from the Yangchang(羊场) porphyry-quartz vein Mo deposit and two molybdenite samples from the Banlashan(半拉山) porphyry Mo deposit were selected for Re-Os dating.Three deposits are spatial-temporally associated with the granite porphyry stock.Re-Os isochron age of 131.2±1.9 Ma was obtained for the Aolunhua porph...     

Geochemistry, U-Pb Geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopes of the Early Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Da Hinggan Mountains

Whole-rock geochemical, zircon U-Pb geochronological and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data are presented for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the northern Da Hinggan Mountains. The volcanic rocks generally display high SiO2(73.19–77.68 wt%) and Na2O+K2O(6.53–8.98 wt%) contents, with enrichment in Rb, Th, U, Pb and LREE, and depletion in Nb, Ta, P and Ti. Three rhyolite samples, one rhyolite porphyry sample, and one volcanic breccia sample yield weighted mean 206Pb/238 U ages of 135.1±1.2 Ma, 116.5±1.1 Ma, 121.9±1.0 Ma, 118.1±0.9 Ma and 116.9±1.4 Ma, respectively. All these rocks have moderate(87Sr/86Sr)i values of 0.704912 to 0.705896, slightly negative εNd(t) values of –1.4 to –0.1, and positive εHf(t) values of 3.7 to 8. Their zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic model ages range from 594 to 1024 Ma. These results suggest that the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks were originated from melting of subducted oceanic crust and associated sediments during the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.     

大兴安岭北部多年冻土监测进展

大兴安岭北部是我国多年冻土最为发育的地区之一, 多年冻土的存在和分布受植被、积雪等局地因素的影响十分显著, 形成了独特的兴安-贝加尔型多年冻土. 随着该区社会经济的发展, 多年冻土对寒区环境以及工程生产活动的影响越来越大. 近几年来逐步在大兴安岭北部建立了以多年冻土为主要研究对象的监测网络, 包括多年冻土地温监测网络、自动气象站、雪特性观测系统、活动层温度-水分观测系统以及地面融沉监测断面, 获得了一系列有意义的数据和成果. 做好大兴安岭北部多年冻土及其周围植被、气候及冻土灾害的监测具有重要的基础性和前瞻性科学价值.     

大兴安岭敖包查干地区安山岩年代学、地球化学研究

在大兴安岭敖包查干地区首次识别出中三叠世安山质岩石,主要岩性为玄武质安山岩、粗面安山岩,应用锆石U—DbLA—ICPM—AS法定年,结果表明安山岩形成于234．8±3．2Ma～231．4±1．2Ma,属中三叠世。地球化学特征显示,研究区安山岩具高SiO2（54．19％～62．30％）、A12O3（15．78％～17．30％）、K20（1．77％～3．92％）、Na2O（2．95％～5．66％）、Na2O＋K20（5．4～8．99）的特征和低MgO（1．23％～3．66％,Mg^#=27．89～50．48）含量,并与SiO2含量呈负相关关系。岩石富Na20（Na2O／K2O=1．01～2．86）,铝指数A／CNK=0．81～1．21,属准铝质一弱过铝质钙碱性系列岩石。富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）K、Rb、Th和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）№、Ta、P、Ti,轻重稀土元素分馏明显[（LaMb）N=3．31～10．33]．无Eu异常（δEu=0．80～1．03）,显示弧火山岩的特征,但所研究样品的Zr、Hf呈弱正异常、Rb弱负异常却不同于正常岛弧安山岩,Zr／Y—Zr图解以及高钾特征显示出板内伸展构造环境的特征。综合研究表明敖包查干地区中三叠世钙碱性安山岩可能为古亚洲洋残余俯冲洋壳部分熔融的产物,与底侵作用有关,形成于大陆内部伸展构造环境。     

Discovery and Significance of Quaternary Glacial Vestiges in the Hexigten Area of the Southern Da Hinggan Mountains, Inner Mongolia

1 Introduction Hexigten is situated at the eastern part of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, south of the Da Hinggan Mountains and northwest of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China. It is also at the junction of the Da Hinggan Mountians, Inner Mongolian Plateau and Yanshan Mountains. It is about 650 km north of Beijing. The geographic coordinates are 116?30'?118?20'E and 42?20'?44?10'N (Fig. 1). The elevation range is from 1100 m to 1700 m, and the highest peak (2029 m) of the Da Hinggan…     

大兴安岭南段多金属矿成矿作用和找矿潜力

大兴安岭南段多金属成矿带位于中亚造山带东部贺根山断裂与西拉沐伦河断裂之间,处于古亚洲洋构造与古太平洋构造的叠加部位。具有双层结构特征(基底以二叠纪地层为主,盖层为侏罗纪早白垩世地层),发育了多期的构造、岩浆活动,以及众多的多金属矿床。区内矿床以多成矿元素共生、伴生为特点,按成矿作用特征划分为4个成矿系统(斑岩、矽卡岩、热液脉状、碱性花岗岩成矿系统)。斑岩成矿系统包括斑岩钼多金属、锡多金属2个亚成矿系统,矽卡岩成矿系统包括矽卡岩型铁锡、铅锌银2个亚成矿系统,热液脉状成矿系统包括银多金属、铜多金属、锡多金属3个亚成矿系统,碱性花岗岩成矿系统为稀有稀土成矿系统。大兴安岭南段多金属矿床形成于2个主要时期:晚二叠—世三叠纪、晚侏罗世—早白垩世。两期成矿作用均与花岗质岩浆活动密切相关,成矿物质来源既包括深部岩浆带来的物质,也包括区内地层,具有多来源特点。晚二叠—世三叠纪多金属矿床形成于古亚洲洋构造体系,晚侏罗世—早白垩世多金属矿床形成于古太平洋构造体系。优越的成矿地质条件及良好的地球物理与地球化学异常表明大兴安岭南段仍具有巨大的找矿潜力。     

大兴安岭南段维拉斯托锡多金属矿床流体包裹体和同位素特征

维拉斯托锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段西坡,是一个以锡为主,共伴生锌、钨、铜、钼、铷、铌、钽和锂的大型矿床。矿床包括深部以锡为主,伴生锌、铷、铌和钽的蚀变花岗岩型矿体;中部以锂为主,伴生锡、锌、铜和铷的隐爆角砾岩型矿体及浅部锡、钨、锌、铜和钼的石英大脉型和网脉型矿体。矿床的主要工业矿体为石英脉型,呈北北东向产于古元古界宝音图群和华力西中期石英闪长岩中的断裂破碎带内,而蚀变花岗岩型和隐爆角砾岩型矿石的品位较低。矿床的成矿过程可以划分为4个阶段:钠长石化-天河石化阶段(Ⅰ)、云英岩化阶段(Ⅱ)、锡钨氧化物-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和钼多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅳ)。为了查明成矿流体性质、成矿流体和成矿物质来源及矿质沉淀机制,文章对Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ阶段的脉石英开展了流体包裹体研究和H-O-C同位素分析,对硫化物开展了S-Pb同位素分析。维拉斯托锌多金属矿床发育富液两相(WL型)、富气两相(WG型)、H2O-CO2(C型)和含子矿物多相(S型)4种类型的包裹体。Ⅰ阶段发育WL型、WG型和S型包裹体,均一温度372~473℃,盐度w(Na Cleq)5.3%~50.9%;Ⅲ阶段亦发育WL型、WG型和S型包裹体,均一温度243~412℃,盐w(Na Cleq)为4.3%~48.5%;Ⅳ阶段发育WL型、WG型、C型和S型包裹体,均一温度215~414℃,盐度w(Na Cleq)4.1%~48.5%。矿床的δ18OH2O值介于2.4‰~8.5‰之间,δD值介于-120‰~-79‰之间,δ13CV-PBD值为-15.5‰~-14.9‰,表明成矿流体以岩浆水为主,后期有少量大气降水的加入。矿石的δ34S值为-4.6‰~-2.2‰;矿石的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.310~18.381、15.531~15.584和38.151~38.326。S-Pb同位素组成表明成矿物质主要来源于岩浆。维拉斯托锡多金属矿床属于岩浆-中高温热液矿床,成矿与早白垩世的斑状细粒碱长花岗岩有关。流体沸腾和降温是矿质沉淀的主要机制。     

大兴安岭中北部晚侏罗世-早白垩世地层新认识

根据大兴安岭中北部地区晚侏罗世火山岩正常沉积夹层中所含叶肢介化石的研究成果和同位素年龄新资料，认为大兴安岭北部西坡被归入白音高老组中的“含Eosestheria的酸性、酸碱性火山碎屑岩和熔岩”不是白音高老组，应归入龙江组，层位与辽西义县组对比。大兴安岭主脊火山岩（满克头鄂博组、玛尼吐组、白音高老组）从南到北是同期火山活动作用的结果，不存在“穿时”现象，形成于晚侏罗世早中期，层位与冀北大北沟组对比。     

大兴安岭北段岔路口斑岩钼矿床成矿年代学、岩石地球化学及其地质意义

黑龙江省岔路口超大型斑岩钼矿床位于大兴安岭北部,是目前中国东北地区最大的钼矿床,矿体赋存于中酸性杂岩体及侏罗系火山-沉积岩内,其中,晚侏罗世花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩与钼矿化关系密切。6件辉钼矿样品的铼-锇等时线年龄为（148±1）Ma。中侏罗世二长花岗岩属钾玄岩系列,w（SiO₂）为69.48% ~ 74.98%,w（Al₂O₃）为12.35%~14.48%,w（K₂O+Na₂O）为7.67%~10.42%,K₂O/Na₂O比值介于1.07~2.81。轻、重稀土元素分馏较强,具有较弱的铕负异常,HFSE和LILE分异明显,Rb、K等元素富集,Ta、Nb、P、Ti等元素亏损,显示正ε_Hf（t）值;晚侏罗世花岗斑岩、石英斑岩属钾玄岩系列,而细粒花岗岩属高钾钙碱性系列,w（SiO₂）为73.87%~78.95%,w（Al₂O₃）为10.35%~13.47%,w（K₂O+Na₂O）为8.06%~10.02%,K₂O/Na₂O比值介于1.03~8.20。轻、重稀土元素分馏较强,具有明显的铕负异常,HFSE和LILE分异明显,Rb、K、Th等元素富集,P、Ti、Ba、Sr等元素亏损,显示正ε_Hf（t）值。二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩、石英斑岩及细粒花岗岩均为高硅、富碱的高分异I型花岗岩,岩浆源区组成类似,主要来自于新元古代期间亏损地幔增生的年轻下地壳物质。岔路口斑岩钼矿床是晚侏罗世大陆内部构造-岩浆活化的产物,形成于蒙古-鄂霍次克造山带后碰撞伸展环境,同时,可能受到古太平洋板块俯冲诱发的弧后伸展作用的叠加。     

大兴安岭北段库伦迪—那吉河铅锌银矿成矿流体特征与矿床成因

大兴安岭成矿带是中国五大重点有色金属成矿带之一,库伦迪—那吉河铅锌银矿床是其北段中部近年新发现的中—大型矿床之一,已控制的铅锌资源量达到中型规模,银资源量达到大型规模。矿区的流体包裹体和金属矿物S、Pb同位素研究表明,铅锌矿流体包裹体以气液包裹体为主,成矿温度为310~340℃,盐度小于6%,成矿流体密度为0.67~0.70g/cm3,推测成矿流体主要来自火山期后热液,后期有地表水的加入;成矿物质主要为深部来源（幔源）,部分为中酸性岩浆期后流体萃取老地层中的成矿物质;根据Pb同位素单阶段演化曲线的模式年龄,推测为175Ma和138Ma两期成矿。综合分析认为,矿床成因类型为火山热液型。     

大兴安岭中南段铜多金属矿床成矿系统

在区域地质背景分析和典型矿床研究的基础上,通过对大兴安岭中南段铜多金属矿床成矿地质特征的分析,阐明了该区铜多金属矿床的空间分布、容矿围岩、与成矿有关岩体和成矿时代,运用区域成矿学研究方法将该区铜多金属成矿初步划分为燕山期斑岩热液、印支—燕山期动力热液和晚华力西—燕山期热水喷流沉积叠加后期热液3个成矿系统。研究表明,本区应重视在侏罗世—白垩世火山岩区寻找大型铜多金属矿床,加强在已知矽卡岩型或热液脉型矿床的深部和外围寻找斑岩型矿床。     

大兴安岭北段库伦迪—那吉河铅锌银矿成矿流体特征与矿床成因

大兴安岭成矿带是中国五大重点有色金属成矿带之一,库伦迪—那吉河铅锌银矿床是其北段中部近年新发现的中—大型矿床之一,已控制的铅锌资源量达到中型规模,银资源量达到大型规模。矿区的流体包裹体和金属矿物S、Pb同位素研究表明,铅锌矿流体包裹体以气液包裹体为主,成矿温度为310~340℃,盐度小于6%,成矿流体密度为0.67~0.70g/cm3,推测成矿流体主要来自火山期后热液,后期有地表水的加入;成矿物质主要为深部来源(幔源),部分为中酸性岩浆期后流体萃取老地层中的成矿物质;根据Pb同位素单阶段演化曲线的模式年龄,推测为175Ma和138Ma两期成矿。综合分析认为,矿床成因类型为火山热液型。     

大兴安岭东北部侏罗纪花岗岩类Sr-Nd同位素特征及其地质意义

大兴安岭东北部侏罗纪花岗岩类的Sr-Nd同位素研究结果表明,兴安地块侏罗纪花岗岩具有较低的初始锶值(0.7048～0.7065)、高的εNd(t)值(+0.23～+2.54)和较低的TDM2(0.76～0.95Ga),反映其源区物质主要为显生宙期间从亏损地幔增生的地壳物质。额尔古纳地块侏罗纪花岗岩具有相对较高的初始锶值(0.7057～0.7075)、较低的εNd(t)值(-2.47～-9.72)和较高的TDM2(1.16～1.7Ga),反映其源区物质主要为中—新元古代从亏损地幔增生的地壳物质。额尔古纳地块和兴安地块各自具有不同的地壳增生时期,表明它们具有不同的早期地壳演化历史。     

大兴安岭中南段典型银锡多金属矿床成矿条件与找矿潜力

大兴安岭中南段银锡多金属成矿带位于中亚造山带东部,近年来找矿成果丰硕。在对边家大院、拜仁达坝-维拉斯托、双尖子山3个银锡多金属矿床的成矿特征进行系统分析的基础上,探讨本区银锡多金属矿成矿条件与找矿潜力。结果显示,本区银锡多金属成矿与花岗质岩浆侵入密切相关,成岩与成矿具多期多阶段特征,主要发生于早白垩世,峰值为130~150 Ma。成矿岩体多具高硅、低镁、富碱的特征,形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋和古太平洋两大构造体系叠加影响的伸展背景。银锡多金属成矿受地层-构造-岩浆岩三位一体联合控制,成矿条件优越,找矿潜力较大。在边家大院矿床西区的深部和外围以及北大山、磨盘山岩体的周边,有找寻锡多金属矿床的潜力。借鉴大兴安岭北段的找矿经验,应注重在本区中生代火山岩中找寻银铅锌多金属矿床。     

大兴安岭中段莲花山铜矿床成矿流体性质与矿床成因研究

莲花山铜矿床产于中生代火山盆地隆坳转换部位,是大兴安岭中段铜多金属成矿带上的重要矿床之一。根据野外观察与室内鉴定,将矿化过程从早到晚划分为4个阶段,分别为早期的黄铁矿-石英阶段、中期的石英-硫化物阶段、中晚期的多金属硫化物阶段与末期的石英-碳酸盐阶段。研究表明,流体包裹体类型有纯气相、纯液相、气液两相和含子晶多相包裹体,矿化早期4类包裹体均有发育,中、中晚与末期主要发育气液两相包裹体。从早到晚,均一温度分别为340~420℃、220~310℃、140~200℃、~130℃。早期含子晶包裹体w(NaCleq)为34.5%~48.9%,气液两相包裹体w(NaCleq)为3.85%~7.15%,中、中晚期包裹体w(NaCleq)变化于5.25%~8.54%之间,未测到末期的盐度。初步厘定早期中高温、高盐度、富CO2的氧化含矿流体"沸腾",CO2逸出,演化为中阶段中温、低盐度流体,pH值升高,黄铜矿、黄铁矿大量沉淀,中晚期大气降水开始混入,形成以方铅矿与闪锌矿为主的多金属硫化物,末期流体成分则接近于循环天水;进而确定该矿床是与次火山岩相关的浅成热液高硫化型铜矿床。     

大兴安岭南段主要金属矿物的成分标型特征

内蒙古东部的黄岗-甘珠尔庙矿带是地处大兴安岭南段的锡乡金属矿带。矿带中各矿床的磁铁矿、锡石、方铅矿、闪锌矿的主元素和微量元素数据表明,这些矿床是属与燕山期岩浆活动有关的矽卡岩型、热液型、斑岩型和云英岩型矿床;其成矿金属组分中的铁来源于区域晚古生代海相中-基性火山岩,部分铅锌来源于区域二叠纪地槽沉积物。研究还表明,与燕山期偏碱性花岗岩有关的锡钨矿床和与燕山期中酸性花岗岩类有关的铅锌矿床其方铅矿、闪锌矿的微量元素含量及比值存在明显的差别。