江苏溧阳软玉与良渚文化庄桥坟遗址出土软玉的特征对比研究

采用常规宝玉石鉴定方法、偏光显微镜和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对江苏省溧阳县小梅岭玉矿的软玉样品进行了测试研究,并与良渚文化庄桥坟遗址出土的软玉类玉器样品进行了对比。结果表明,溧阳软玉样品和庄桥坟遗址出土软玉类玉器样品的主要矿物组成为透闪石,但后者的w（FeOT）明显高于前者的。庄桥坟遗址出土玉器样品的δEu普遍高于溧阳软玉样品的,大部分为负异常,为轻稀土亏损型,微量元素种类多;溧阳软玉样品的δEu为负异常,为轻稀土富集型,微量元素种类少,说明两种样品应不属于同一产地或同一成因性质。良渚文化庄桥坟遗址出土玉器样品的化学成分与溧阳软玉样品的不同,这与当今考古界普遍认为良渚文化玉器来源于溧阳软玉的观点有所不同。     

The potential source of lead in the Permian Kupferschiefer bed of Europe and some selected Paleozoic mineral deposits in the Federal Republic of Germany

New lead isotopic compositions have been measured for Paleozoic bedded and vein ore deposits of Europe by the high precision thermal emission (triple filament) technique. Eleven samples have been analyzed from the Upper Permian Kupferschiefer bed with representatives from Poland to England, three samples from the Middle Devonian Rammelsberg deposit and one from the Middle Devonian Meggen deposit, both of which are conformable ore lenses and are in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG); and also two vein deposits from the FRG were analyzed, from Ramsbeck in Devonian host rocks and from Grund in Carboniferous host rocks. For Kupferschiefer bed samples from Germany, the mineralization is of variable lead isotopic composition and appears to have been derived about 250 m.y. ago from 1700 m.y. old sources, or detritus of this age, in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Samples from England, Holland, and Poland have different isotopic characteristics from the German samples, indicative of significantly different source material (perhaps older). The isotopic variability of the samples from the Kupferschiefer bed in Germany probably favors the lead containing waters coming from shoreward (where poor mixing is to be expected) rather than basinward (where better mixing is likely) directions. The data thus support the interpretation of the metal source already given by Wedepohl in 1964. Data on samples from Rammelsberg and Meggen tend to be slightly less radiogenic than for the Kupferschiefer, about the amount expected if the leads were all derived from the same source material but 100 to 150 m.y. apart in time. The vein galena from Ramsbeck is similar to that from Rammelsberg conformable ore lenses, both in rocks of Devonian age; vein galena from Grund in Upper Carboniferous country rocks is similar to some bedded Kupferschiefer mineralization in Permian rocks, as if the lead composition was formed at about the same time and from similar source material as the bedded deposits. Although heat has played a more significant role in the formation of some of these deposits (veins and Rammelsberg-Meggen) than in others (Kupferschiefer), there is no indication of radically different sources for the lead, all apparently coming from sedimentary source material containing Precambrian detritus. One feldspar lead sample from the Brocken-Oker Granite is not the same in isotopic composition as any of the ores analyzed.Publication authorized by the Director, U.S. Geological Survey     

近几十年来黑河野牛沟流域的冰川变化

利用1956年航测、1970/1973年1:50000地形图以及野牛沟流域2003年ASTER影像获取的3期冰川资料,对黑河源头西支野牛沟流域的冰川时空变化进行了分析.通过分析流域气温变化和冰川变化的关系,探讨了流域冰川变化对河川径流的影响.结果表明:野牛沟流域1956—1970/1973年冰川总面积减少9.29%,年平均消退0.54%;1970/1973—2003年冰川总面积减少了18.23%,年平均消退0.60%.流域内冰川条数由1956年的165条减少为2003年的144条,1956—1970/1973年间流域冰川储量减少了2.29×10⁸m³,年均损失约0.13×10⁸m³;从1970/1973年到2003年,冰川储量减少了4.19×10⁸m³,年均损失约0.14×10⁸m³.从1956年到2003年,冰川变化率随着冰川面积的增加而降低,冰川萎缩速度有加快的迹象,而流域年平均温度也有加快升高的趋势.冰川的消退对于流域径流量的影响不大.     

原油二次裂解气——天然气重要的生成途径

本文通过模拟实验,结合塔里木盆地塔中北斜坡地区包括有机质成油、有机质成气及原油二次裂解成气在内的生烃剖面,说明原油二次裂解成气的门限深于干酪根初次裂解成气门限。原油二次裂解生成的天然气与干酪根初次裂解生成的天然气在组分特征和碳同位素特征上存在明显的差异。一些以原油二次裂解气为主要气源所形成气藏的实例,表明原油二次裂解气可以作为特殊的重要的天然气来源。     

内蒙古拜仁达坝及维拉斯托银多金属矿床的硫和铅同位素研究

拜仁达坝和维拉斯托是近年来在内蒙古东部地区发现的2个大型银多金属矿床,文章对其开展了硫和铅同位素研究。结果表明,拜仁达坝矿床矿石中硫化物的δ34S值为-4.0‰～+1.6‰,维拉斯托矿床矿石中硫化物的δ34S值为-0.8‰～+2.0‰,与岩浆热液型矿床的硫同位素值接近,表明这2个矿床中的硫主要来自岩浆。拜仁达坝矿区43件金属硫化物的206Pb/204Pb值为18.333～18.515,207Pb/204Pb值为15.532～15.656,208Pb/204Pb值为38.057～38.610;维拉斯托矿区20件金属硫化物的206Pb/204Pb值为18.304～18.377,207Pb/204Pb值为15.520～15.610,208Pb/204Pb值为38.112～38.435。拜仁达坝东矿区矿石中的铅同位素组成与维拉斯托矿区相似,变化范围小,相对贫放射性铅同位素,并且均为混合铅。矿石中的铅可能来自围岩地层及深源岩浆。     

Geochemical investigation of oils and source rocks from Qianjiang depression of Jianghan basin, a terrigenous saline basin, China

Six oils and seven suspected source rocks from the Jianghan saline basin, in the central eastern part of China, have been examined using a variety of geochemical techniques. The results from this study show that oils from the third and fourth sections of the Qianjiang Formation (Eocene) are derived from similar source materials but have a different source from the oils of Xingouzui Formation (Eocene) in the same basin. The oils of the Xingouzui Formation (Eocene) are more mature, and probably have a greater input of terrigenous source material and in all probability have migrated greater distances than the Qianjiang oils. Oils from these sections are derived from an environment characterized as being extremely anoxic, strongly reducing and highly saline. The suspected source rocks examined in the study were from the Qianjiang Formation and were generally mature, except for the shallowest sample. The biomarker distributions in the suspected source rocks examined from the Qianjiang Formation were very different from those of the oils present in the same sections. It is proposed that oils from the Qianjiang Formation have sources in addition to, or exclusive of, the suspected source rocks examined in this study.     

Analysis of North American amber by carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy

Amber from the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods in North America is characterized for the first time by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cretaceous samples from Cedar Lake in western Canada have nearly identical spectra to samples from New Jersey. There also are strong similarities between the spectra of these samples and those from Alaska and from the state of Washington. Tertiary samples from Arkansas, on the other hand, have quite distinct spectra. A common or similar paleobotanical origin is suggested for amber from diverse locations in North America, but amber also was produced from other, quite distinct trees as from Arkansas.     

湖北黄石与印度浦那鱼眼石的宝石学特征对比研究

近年来,在湖北黄石地区发现了具有重要研究价值的鱼眼石晶体,其结晶习性与其它地区的鱼眼石有一定的区别。以湖北黄石与印度浦那鱼眼石晶体为研究对象,采用宝石学常规仪器、电子探针、激光拉曼光谱仪对比分析了两者的晶体特征、化学成分和包裹体等。结果显示,湖北黄石鱼眼石样品的结晶形态以板状为主,印度浦那鱼眼石样品则以柱状为主;所有样品的主要元素均为Si,Ca和K,但湖北黄石鱼眼石样品中还含有Al和Na元素;湖北黄石鱼眼石样品以气液两相包裹体为主,印度浦那鱼眼石样品则以石英、沸石等晶体包裹体为主。     

河南舞阳和冀东地区前寒武系几种含铁母岩溶蚀实验

为配合在华北地区寻找风化淋滤型富铁矿,作者对采自河南舞阳二铁矿区太华群和冀东桑干群马兰峪组六块含铁变质岩进行了硅、铁差异性溶蚀实验。含铁母岩的矿物和化学组成见表1。     

南极普里兹湾表层沉积物微量元素分布特征及其物源指示意义

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定了中国南极科考21~27航次期间获取的普里兹湾表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Co、Al、Fe、Mn的含量,分析了普里兹湾微量元素的分布特征,结合沉积物粒度分布、生物硅含量,并利用富集系数和主成分分析的方法,探讨了微量元素的物源指示意义。研究结果表明:普里兹湾沉积物中的微量元素含量与南大洋其他海域具有很好的可比性。Cu、Zn、Cr、Co、Fe、Mn含量在陆坡深海区明显高于冰架边缘区和陆架区;Al、Pb含量在冰架边缘区较高;而Cd含量在陆架区相对较高。人类活动对普里兹湾沉积物中的微量元素没有明显的影响,南极大陆岩石风化产物和海洋生物源性沉降是其主要来源。冰架边缘区及陆架破折处P2-9站位的微量元素主要为岩源性输入。陆架区、陆坡深海区的微量元素Cu、Zn、Cr、Co、Fe、Mn明显受到生源性物质输入的影响。而普里兹湾沉积物中Cd则主要来源于硅藻的吸收利用及硅质软泥的富集。     

The unique,widely distributed,estuarine sea anemone,Nematostella vectensis Stephenson: A review,new facts,and questions

The small, burrowing, edwardsiid sea anemone Nematostella vectensis is widely distributed in estuaries and bays. Most typically it occurs in pools in marshes though it may occur subtidally as well. We have compiled records of its occurrence in North America from Nova Scotia to Georgia along the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, from Florida to Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico and from California to Washington on the Pacific coast. To date we have found no records of its presence in Alabama or Texas, though it is present in all other of the contiguous coastal states of the United States. The species also occurs in England. We have obtained living specimens from many locations and have crossed females from England, Maryland, Georgia, California, Oregon, and Washington with males from Nova Scotia, Maryland, Georgia, and Oregon. These 24 crosses all yielded viable first-generation anemones that in turn produced second-generation animals. We accept this as proof that this widely distributed anemone is a single species. We have obtained living N. vectensis from 11 areas. Of these, only samples from Maine, Maryland, Georgia, and Oregon contained both sexes. The sample from Nova Scotia was all male and our samples from England, New Hampshire, California, and Washington were all female. We hypothesize that the unisexual samples were from clones resulting from asexual reproduction in this species. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY066 00015     

白银厂铜多金属矿田微量元素和稀土元素地球化学研究

与日本黑矿及现代海底火山岩为主岩矿床相比，白银厂矿田各类矿石，尤其是块状Ｚｎ－Ｐｂ－Ｃｕ矿石具有最高的Ａｓ和Ｂｉ含量，比较高的Ｇａ、Ｃｄ和Ａｕ含量，以及较高的Ａｕ／Ａｇ和Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ比值。该矿田矿石的Ａｕ含量与闪锌矿中铁含量呈负相关关系。小铁山矿床闪锌矿与日本黑矿的闪锌矿微量元素特征很相似。矿田各类矿石ＲＥＥ型式与细碧角斑岩类岩石基体相似，这说明矿石与岩石的物质来源基本一致。研究和对比表明，火山成因     

哈得逊与轮南地区原油碳同位素特征及影响因素

轮南地区与哈得逊地区20个原油的全油碳同位素和正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素的分析结果表明:轮南地区原油的全油碳同位素均大于-32‰,而哈得逊地区原油的全油碳同位素一般小于-32‰;原油正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素也表现出轮南地区重于哈得逊地区的特征。两地区原油碳同位素的这种特征是由于两地区油气成藏过程的差异造成的,轮南地区原油碳同位素比哈得逊地区的原油碳同位素重的主要原因是由于来源于寒武系降解原油的混入,而非油源不同造成的。     

两种数值模式资料的平均海平面气压和地面风速在中国区域的评估

利用中国气象局国家级自动站(2 421个)的观测资料, 分别对2012年的ECMWF(欧洲中期数值预报中心)和JMA(日本气象厅)数值模式资料的平均海平面气压和地面风速在中国地区的适用性进行了对比研究.结果表明:两种数值模式资料均能在一定程度上反映观测资料所具有的时空分布特征, 东部地区的适用性均要高于西部地区. 对于平均海平面气压, 在西南地区JMA比ECMWF资料更接近实际观测; 而在其他地区, 两种数值模式资料都较接近实际观测, 冬季的结果比夏季好. 对于地面风速, 这两种数值模式资料各具优势.在中国东南部地区, JMA相对于ECMWF的地面风速资料更接近实际观测值, 而在中国西部地区, 则相反.就8个时次的年变化而言, ECMWF资料的年变化趋势与观测资料更为一致, 而JMA资料的地面风速大小与观测资料更为接近.     

U-Pb Geochronologic, Nd Isotopic, and Geochemical Evidence for the Correlation of the Chopawamsic and Milton Terranes, Piedmont Zone, Southern Appalachian Orogen

We report U-Pb crystallization ages from four metavolcanic rocks and two granitic gneiss samples as well as whole-rock chemical analyses and Sm-Nd isotopic ratios from 25 metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks from the Chopawamsic and Milton terranes, southern Appalachian Orogen. A metarhyolite sample from the Chopawamsic Formation and a metabasalt sample from the Ta River Formation in the Chopawamsic terrane have indistinguishable U-Pb crystallization ages of 471.4+/-1.3 Ma and 470.0+1.3/-1.5 Ma, respectively. A sample from the Prospect granite that intruded metavolcanic rocks of the Ta River Formation yields a younger U-Pb date of 458.0+/-1 Ma. Metarhyolite and granitic gneiss samples from the northern part of the Milton terrane yield U-Pb dates of 458.5+3.8/-1.0 Ma and 450+/-1.8 Ma, respectively. Metavolcanic and metaplutonic rocks from both terranes span a range in major element composition from basalt to rhyolite. Trace element concentrations in these samples show enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements K, Ba, and Rb and depletion in high field strength elements Ti and Nb, similar to those from island arc volcanic rocks. Initial epsilon(Nd) values and T(DM) ages of the metaigneous and metasedimentary samples range from 0.2 to -7.2 and from 1200 to 1700 Ma for the Chopawamsic terrane and from 3.7 to -7.2 and from 850 to 1650 Ma for the Milton terrane. The crystallization ages for the metavolcanic and metaplutonic samples from both terranes indicate that Ordovician magmatism occurred in both. Similar epsilon(Nd) values from representative samples from both terranes suggest that both were generated from an isotopically similar source. Xenocrystic zircons from metavolcanic rocks in the Chopawamsic terrane have predominately Mesoproterozoic (207)Pb/(206)Pb ages (600-1300 Ma), but a single Archean (2.56 Ga) core was also present. The xenocrystic zircons and the generally negative epsilon(Nd) values indicate that both terranes are composed of isotopically evolved continental crust.     

The rare earth element compositions of sediments from the loess tableland in the Liyang Plain,southern China: implications for provenance and weathering intensity

To identify the weathering intensity and to deduce the provenance of sediments (black-brown soil and loess) from the loess tableland in the Liyang Plain is of great importance for understanding the development and origin of civilization of this critical region in China. The geochemical results show similar REE distribution patterns among sediments sampled from the YC profile in the Liyang Plain, reticulated red soils from the Dongting lake area, Xiashu loess in Zhenjiang, and loess from the Loess Plateau in China. These similarities imply a single provenance, from dust storms. REEs, especially the LREE/HREE ratio and Eu anomaly, can trace weathering intensity. Higher LREE/HREE ratios, and remarkably Eu anomalies, are present in the top loess (L₀), Lower LREE/HREE ratios and insignificant Eu anomalies are present in black-brown soil (S₀*) from the Liyang Plain. These demonstrate that the black-brown soils have undergone a lower intensity of weathering than the loess of YC profile. Moreover, CIA values for sediments from the YC profile provide powerful evidence to support the above result. Comparisons of analyses of the REE contents of sediments from the YC profile, of reticulated red soils from the Dongting Lake area, Xiashu loess from the Yangtze River, and loess from the Loess Plateau, clearly show the weathering intensity decreases according to the following sequence: reticulated red soil from the Dongting Lake area > sediments of YC profile from the Liyang Plain, which formed from dust storms ≈ Xiashu loess from lower reach of the Yangtze River > loess from the Loess Plateau.     

珠江口盆地西部珠三坳陷珠江组沉积演化

为了加强珠三坳陷珠江组的油气勘探理论,笔者从层序格架、岩芯特征、有孔虫分布、岩石类型及岩性组合等方面,分析珠三坳陷及周缘珠江组三个层序的沉积特征及沉积演化规律:从S50--S60～S40--S41层序,岩芯特征呈现规律性变化,砂岩粒度减小、分选性增强,水动力条件从强-较强-弱转变;有孔虫丰度变化从零星中低值--连续中高值--连续中值,水深从浅-深-较深,神狐隆起从局部出露到完全沉没。古珠江三角洲及海南隆起—粤桂隆起物源三角洲是S50-S60及S41-S50层序的重点沉积体系。从S50-S60～S40-S41层序,古珠江三角洲规模从"大--中--小"依次演变,海南隆起—粤桂隆起物源三角洲呈"大-大-小/无"变化,浅海迅速扩张,仅半深海分布较稳定。     

卡塔克隆起中1井储层沥青地球化学特征与成因

塔里木盆地海相原油的成因至今仍有争议,而对储层沥青的地球化学特征剖析,能为探索海相原油的成因提供依据。选取卡塔克隆起上的中1井不同层系储层沥青,详尽剖析了其地球化学特征。研究结果揭示,中1井储层沥青的Pr/Ph为1.14～1.39,CPI值 1.01～1.08,OEP值0.98～1.05,无奇偶优势或偶奇优势,伽玛蜡烷、C28甾烷丰度低,硫芴系列丰富。甾烷成熟度参数和Ts/(Ts+Tm)均指示中1井储层沥青处于成熟—高成熟热演化范畴。依据特征生物标志物的分布对沥青的成因示踪,中1井储层沥青与上奥陶统烃源岩有成因关系,而中1井储层沥青与塔东2井寒武系原油分子特征的迥异也佐证该认识。     

The first discovery of crinoids and cephalopod hooklets in the British Triassic

The Late Triassic Rhaetian stage is perhaps best known in south-west Britain for the bone beds of the Westbury Formation, but there are other fossil-rich horizons within this and the underlying Blue Anchor Formation. Samples from a borehole drilled at the Filton West Chord, and collected from exposures near Bristol Parkway railway station, have yielded significant fossil material from both of these formations. The assemblage recovered from the Blue Anchor Formation is similar to those from the lower Westbury Formation, yielding roughly equal proportions of chondrichthyans and osteichthyans. Assemblages recovered from the Westbury Formation are typical of those from the upper Westbury Formation, in being dominated by osteichthyans. The borehole samples have produced the first recorded evidence of crinoids in the British Triassic, and the first evidence of coleoid cephalopods, in the form of grasping hooklets, from the Rhaetian, and indeed the first from the British Triassic.     

加水热模拟中深湖与煤系泥岩地化特征比较

通过深湖泥岩和煤系泥岩的加水热模拟研究认为,在热模拟实验过程中,深湖泥岩和煤系泥岩显示不同特征,并且其演化有差别。深湖泥岩利于液态原油的生成,并且转化率高于煤系泥岩。深湖泥岩残余可溶有机质饱和烃含量高于煤系泥岩,非烃含量则低于煤系泥岩。深湖泥岩胶质 /沥青质和饱芳比均随温度升高而降低,而煤系泥岩的胶质 /沥青质随温度升高有增加趋势,其饱芳比的变化则不大或有降低趋势。深湖泥岩的T_max难以指示演化阶段,其干酪根碳同位素值明显轻于煤系泥岩,它们的值均随温度的升高而变重。