A SELF-CONSISTENT COMPILATION OF ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATION DATA FOR 93 GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE SAMPLES

Concentration data obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) are presented for up to 36 chemical elements in 93 geochemical reference samples, including some for which there are little previous data. Because all data are based on at least three independent analyses, and for many of the data the uncertainty associated with counting is an insignificant source of error, the values presented here are considered of higher precision than generally reported by INAA. Information on subsampling error (sample heterogeneity) is also presented.     

High-Precision Trace Element Data for the USGS Reference Materials BCR-1, BCR-2, BHVO-1, BHVO-2, AGV-1, AGV-2, DTS-1, DTS-2, GSP-1 and GSP-2 by ID-TIMS and MIC-SSMS

Different batches of the new US Geological Survey (USGS) reference materials (RMs) BCR-2, BHVO-2, AGV-2, DTS-2 and GSP-2 and the original USGS RMs BCR-1, BHVO-1, AGV-1, DTS-1 and GSP-1 have been analysed by isotope dilution using thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) and by multi-ion counting spark source mass spectrometry (MIC-SSMS). The concentrations of K, Rb, Sr, Ba and the rare earth elements were determined with overall analytical uncertainties of better than 1% (ID-TIMS) and 3% (MIC-SSMS). The analyses of different aliquots and batches of BCR-2, BHVO-2, AGV-2 and GSP-2, respectively, agree within 1%, i.e. approximately the analytical uncertainties of the data. This indicates an homogeneous distribution of the trace elements in these RMs. Differences in element concentrations of up to 17% in different aliquots of the depleted RM DTS-2 are outside the analytical uncertainty of our data. They may be attributed to a slightly heterogeneous distribution of trace elements in this dunite sample. Our trace element data for BCR-2, BHVO-2, AGV-2 and GSP-2 agree within about 3% with preliminary reference values published by the USGS. They also agree within 1-6% with those of the original RMs BCR-1, BHVO-1, AGV-1 and GSP-1. Large compositional differences are found between DTS-2 and DTS-1, where the concentrations of K, Rb, Sr and the light REE differ by factors of 2 to 24.     

Neodymium and Strontium Isotope Data for USGS Reference Materials BCR-1, BCR-2, BHVO-1, BHVO-2, AGV-1, AGV-2, GSP-1, GSP-2 and Eight MPI-DING Reference Glasses

We have measured ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³ Nd/¹⁴⁴ Nd isotope ratios in different batches and aliquots of the new US Geological Survey (USGS) reference materials (RMs) BCR-2, BHVO-2, AGV-2 and GSP-2 and the original USGS RMs BCR-1, BHVO-1, AGV-1 and GSP-1 by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. In addition, we also analysed the eight Max-Planck-Institut-Dingwell (MPI-DING) reference glasses. Nearly all isotope ratios obtained in the different aliquots and batches agree within uncertainty limits indicating excellent homogeneity of the USGS powders and the MPI-DING glasses. With the exception of GSP-2, the new USGS RMs are also indistinguishable from the ratios found in the original USGS RMs (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.704960, 0.704958 (BCR-1, -2), 0.703436, 0.703435 (BHVO-1, -2), 0.703931, 0.703931 (AGV-1, -2); ¹⁴³ Nd/¹⁴⁴ Nd: 0.512629, 0.512633 (BCR-1, -2), 0.512957, 0.512957 (BHVO-1, -2); 0.512758, 0.512755 (AGV-1, -2)). This means that for normalisation purposes in Sr and Nd isotope geochemistry BCR-2, BHVO-2 and AGV-2 can well replace BCR-1, BHVO-1 and AGV-1 respectively.     

1988 Compilation of Elemental Concentration Data for USGS DTS-1, G-1, PCC-1 and W-1

Concentration data on up to 91 individual constituents in USGS DTS-1, G-1, PCC-1, and W-1 have been collected from 1647 journal articles and technical reports. These data are summarized in consensus (mean) values with uncertainties expressed as one standard deviation. Mean values are also calculated as a function of analytical procedure and all raw data are given in the tables. Recommended values are proposed based upon data criteria used by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, formerly the National Bureau of Standrds or NBS).     

Complete Trace Elemental Characterisation of Granitoid (USGS G-2, GSP-2) Reference Materials by High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

The United States Geological Survey granitic and granodioritic reference materials G‐2 and GSP‐2 were decomposed in high‐pressure bombs using both HF‐HNO₃ and HF‐HNO₃‐HClO₄ in order to evaluate the feasibility of characterising the entire suite of geologically relevant trace elements through direct analysis with a high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer (HR‐ICP‐MS). The digested samples were diluted to the appropriate levels and analysed at low, medium and high resolution depending on the required sensitivity and potential interferences for each element. Memory effects during analysis of the high field strength elements (HFSE) were negligible when analysed using an all‐Teflon, uncooled sample introduction system and combined with adequate wash times with 4% v/v aqua regia + 0.5% v/v HF between samples. The concentration of the remaining lithophile elements was determined with a conventional, cooled, Scott‐type spray chamber using a wash solution of 1% v/v HNO₃. Total procedural blanks contributed between 0.01 to 0.5% to final sample concentrations and blank subtractions were typically unnecessary. Abundances for Li, Hf, Ba, Zr, Ga, Rb, Sr, La, Ce, Th and U were systematically higher, while those for the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), Cu and Y were systematically lower in this study compared to USGS values for G‐2 and GSP‐2. This is likely to be related to, respectively, higher recoveries from more efficient digestion of refractory phases (i.e., zircon, tourmaline), and better resolution of interferences when using a HR‐ICP‐MS. Sample digestion experiments also showed that perchloric acid digestion in high pressure bombs resulted in superior recoveries and better precision for the bulk of the trace elements analysed. The concentration of the remaining elements overlapped within uncertainty with recommended reference values and with values determined in other studies using isotope‐dilution TIMS, ICP‐MS and XRF. Concentrations for the elements Cd, Sn, Sb, Ta, Bi, Tb, Ni and Mo are also reported for G‐2 and GSP‐2 reference materials. Our study shows therefore that it is feasible to determine thirty‐nine geologically relevant trace elements accurately and directly in granitoid sample digests when using a HR‐ICP‐MS, thereby negating the need for ion exchange or isotopic spiking.     

中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编

大地热流是地球内热在地表最为直接的显示,并能给出发生于地球内部深处各种作用过程间能量平衡的信息,因而日益引起地球科学界的广泛兴趣和普遍关注。我国大地热流研究始于60年代,易善锋(1966)曾报道过东北中生代盆地的三个热流数据。1979年,中国科学院地质研究所地热组正式公布了我国第一批大地热流数据25个。近十年来,不同单位和作者在华北、东北、攀西、西藏等地区又先后获得了一批热流数据。最近,本文第一作者受国际热流委员会的委托,负责将我国大陆地区热流数据进行汇总并作统计分析,以便纳入“世界热流数据汇编”。     

浅谈地质科技档案资料的编研与开发利用

开展地质科技档案资料信息资源的开发与利用,为国土资源管理、地勘市场提供全方位地质技术服务,是地质档案管理工作改革与发展的方向,地质科技档案资料编研工作对促进地勘经济发展和地矿科技进步具有重要作用。文章就地质科技档案编研工作的定位、作用及原则,反映了甘肃省地质资料利用现状,对地质科技资料开发与利用进行了分析和探讨。     

矿产勘查工作及其资料整理与报告编写

分析了矿产勘查工作部署的阶段性和勘查工作全面性要求的具体内容、矿产勘查原始资料收集、整理与归档应注意的主要方面、勘查报告章节安排的逻辑顺序和报告编写涉及的议论性内容,对矿产勘查工作涉及的工程编录分层、矿体厚度参数在综合图件上的标示、矿化体圈连的基础、勘查术语称谓的变更等进行了探讨。     

1993 COMPILATION OF DATA ON FIVE BELGIAN SEDIMENTARY ROCK REFERENCE MATERIALS: AWI-1, SBO-1, PRI-1, CCH-1 AND DWA-1

Five Belgian sedimentary rock reference materials have been prepared and distributed by the Geology, Petrology and Geochemistry Laboratory (Liège University, Belgium). Thirty-six laboratories participated in the international co-operative study. The individual data received from the participating laboratories are listed. Tables of compiled results are presented for major, minor and trace elements. These updated values are summarized into means, associated standard deviations, medians, and concentration ranges. "Recommended" (or proposed) values are presented.     

1994 COMPILATION OF ANALYTICAL DATA FOR MINOR AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN SEVENTEEN GSJ GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE SAMPLES, "IGNEOUS ROCK SERIES"

Analytical data for minor and trace elements published or communicated to us, on seventeen GSJ (Geological Survey of Japan) reference samples, "Igneous rock series" received up to April 1994 are compiled. The data were evaluated statistically in consideration of analytical methods. Based on the selected available data, 1994 recommended and proposed values for 65 minor and trace elements are presented.     

Access数据库在地质资料整理中的应用

利用GPS手持机对地质观察点进行坐标数据的采集,通过GPS手持机应用软件（GISOffice、MapSource）将所采集的原始数据传输保存到电脑中,使用Microsoft Office办公软件（Access、Excel）对数据进行整理、应用,或存贮、共享应用于其他地质资料整理.     

DISTRIBUTION OF CCRMP, NIST, AND USGS REFERENCE MATERIAL DATA IN THE LITERATURE (1950 - 1989)

Publication patterns of CCRMP, NIST, and USGS reference materials are traced over the past 40 years by literature source, analytical method employed, and constituents measured. This is the first update to our 1987 paper which covered the period 1951 - 1985.     

1988 Compilation of Elemental Concentration Data for USGS Basalt BCR-1

Concentration data on up to 82 individual constituents in USGS Basalt BCR-1 have been collected from 1395 journal articles and technical reports. These data are summarized in consensus (mean) values with uncertainties expressed as ± one standard deviation. Mean values are also calculated as a function of analytical procedure and all raw data are given in the tables. Recommended values are proposed based upon data criteria used by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, formerly the National Bureau of Standards or NBS).     

地学数据产品的开发、发布与共享

数据是科学研究的基础,数据共享可以最大程度地发挥数据的使用价值,数据是实现数据共享最基本的要素。地学数据具有空间性、综合性、时间性、海量性、多源性等特点。属性数据、遥感数据、矢量数据是加工生产地学数据产品的重要数据源,属性数据空间化是加工、生产地学数据产品的重要技术手段。地学数据共享发布平台应当具备用户管理、数据目录查询、元数据管理、数据查询与浏览、数据下载等基本功能。推进科学数据共享,必须要有相应的政策措施保证,必须建立公正、合理的数据工作评价体系。     

PROVISIONAL ELEMENTAL VALUES FOR FOUR NEW GEOCHEMICAL SOIL AND TILL REFERENCE MATERIALS, TILL-1, TILL-2, TILL-3 AND TILL-4

The collection and preparation of two soil reference samples and two till reference samples are described. Like their predecessors the LKSD series and the STSD series, the TILL series are characterized for total elements and for elements derived by partial extractions. Provisional data are presented for major, minor and trace elements. In addition, information data from a single source are provided for a number of elements derived by EPA digestions 3050 and 3051; these data allow a comparison with other partial extractions reported herein.     

DSM 2旋转磁力仪数据传输及处理软件的设计及实现

介绍了美国Schonstedt仪器公司的数字旋转磁力仪DSM 2与计算机之间的数据通信和绘图功能的可视化软件,同时介绍了古地磁地球物理、磁化强度、倾角、偏角等相关技术理论,分析了DSM 2仪器与计算机RS 232接口的连接原理,完成了传输数据功能的设计,编制了数据通信、数据处理和绘图功能的软件,提高了物性测定工作效率和测量数据的准确性。     

香格里拉洛吉晚二叠系玄武岩的元素地球化学及其成因研究

从矿物学和主微量元素地球化学的角度对香格里拉洛吉玄武岩进行研究.该玄武岩的w(SiO2)为45.08％～50.50％,w(MgO)为2.86％～14.73％,w(Na2O+ K2O)为1.78％～6.34％,且Na2O＞K2O,属于碱性玄武岩系列;相对富集轻稀土而亏损重稀土(LREE/HREE=1.88～9.61),轻重稀土发生了一定程度的分异,没有明显的Eu异常(δEu=0.91～1.10).富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Ba,Sr,Pb),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf),且表现出Pb的强烈富集,Ba和Sr元素有明显的波动.研究表明,该玄武岩为富集岩石圈地幔石榴石+尖晶石二辉橄榄岩5％～20％部分熔融的产物,形成于板块汇聚边缘的构造环境,在成岩的过程中不存在明显的地壳混染,并且发生了橄榄石、单斜辉石、磷灰石、金红石的分离结晶作用.