SHS耐火材料的应用现状及发展前景

目前,冶金行业普遍存在工业窑炉用不定形耐火材料对局部损毁的修补,以及整体浇注料、捣打料的烧结程度低、强度低等问题。这些问题用传统方法均难以解决;自蔓延高温合成（ＳＨＳ）技术是有希望解决这些问题的一种有效的工艺方法。把ＳＨＳ方法应用于耐火材料的制造,特别是用于传统工艺难以解决的部位,因其制备工艺简单、烧结速度快且产品性能优良,而具有重要的现实意义和广阔的应用前景［１～７］。下面就ＳＨＳ耐火材料的特点、应用现状和发展前景及存在问题作一系统论述。１　ＳＨＳ耐火材料的应用现状　　在ＳＨＳ耐火材料研究和应…     

SHS原理烧结合成不定形耐火材料的发热体系研究

通过对单一供氧剂体系，复合供氧剂体系的SHS反应产物外观特征和性能测定、物相分析以及尖晶石的生成情况，合成材料的显微形貌特征和能谱分析等特征的研究，得出：SHS原理制备不定形耐火材料时，发热体系采用复合供氧剂体系较单一供氧剂好，通过复合的方法，即碳酸盐－Fe2O3或碳酸盐－硝酸钠的复合，实现了高、中、低温分级供氧，效果明显好于单一供氧体系，其中碳酸盐Fe2O3的最好重量比为2：1，碳酸盐与硝酸钠的最好重量比约为4：1。文中还对发热体系的SHS反应进行了分析。     

离心SHS涂层的组织结构及性能研究

对离心ＳＨＳ涂层进行了实验研究,分析了涂层的组织结构、界面结合机制及工艺因素对涂层性能的影响。     

密度法无损测定黄金饰品中金量的原理及影响因素讨论

本文根据物理学的基本定律，通过严密的数学推导，详细讨论了密度法无损测定黄金饰品含金量的基本原理、影响测定准确度的诸因素以及测量误差的估计等问题，阐明了该不的实用和局限性。在此基础上初步探索了以Ｘ射线光谱法与密度法联合，进行了金饰品含金量准确测定的途径。     

水工建筑物测流的原理及影响因素

水工建筑物流测,是用水力学模型计算各种泄水建筑物泄流量的一种方法。它有明确的物理原理和严密的数学推导。各种类型的水工建筑物,其边界条件不尽相同,程度不同地影响泄流能力。本文对水工建筑物测流的原理,方法及各种影响因素作了系统的阐述,并对有些处理方法中不顾及量纲的做法了剖析。     

论我国耐火材料用结合粘土的发展

我国耐火材料用粘土由软质及半软质（古生代）耐火粘土原矿向（新生代）球粘土原矿及水洗或深加工的球粘土、高岭土及（古生代）耐火粘土发展。目前国内以广西南宁地区球粘土为最好的耐火材料用结合粘土。     

浅析用开氏法测定煤样中氮元素含量的主要影响因素

概述了开氏法测量煤中氮含量的重要性及其开氏法测定的原理,对测定过程中几方面主要因素的影响进行了较详细的论述分析。指出在测定过程中,必须认真、细致的考虑到各方面的影响因素,才能保证测定结果的准确性。     

地面沉降影响因素定量分析法比较

对影响某市地面沉降的六个因子,采用相关分析,效果测度、距离系数、灰色关联度、地进行了定量分析,探讨了和模式特征及地面沉降影响因素分析中存在的问题。     

随钻测量自保护密封原理及影响因素分析

为适应钻孔深度越来越深要求,延长随钻测量工作寿命,针对组合静密封结构缺陷,设计一种适用于随钻测量仪器的自保护密封装置.通过静力学膨胀数值模拟对橡胶气囊膨胀位移与气压关系进行研究,并在此基础上对模型尺寸大小不同,结果不同原因进行分析,讨论造成自保护密封装置模拟结果不同的因素,确定气囊直径、宽度、壁厚和内腔宽度4个自变量,...     

吸附丝法吸附量的影响因素

探讨了影响吸附丝法吸附量的一些因素,认为活性炭的黑度、湿度对吸附量产生重要的影响,水分是影响吸附量的主要因素。因此,选用一定黑度的活性炭作为吸附剂,同时测试样品必须干燥才能取得较好的效果。     

红柱石微粉对高铝矾土熟料制品的补强作用

高铝矾土熟料制品是除粘土制品之外使用范围最广、用量最大的耐火材料,在各种工业窑炉中都有广泛应用。生产铝矾土熟料制品一般采用不同粒级的铝矾土熟料与塑性粘土为原料,用倒焰窑烧成时,烧成温度为１４３０～１４５０℃,保温４０ｈ;用隧道窑烧成时,烧成温度为１５５０～１５６０℃。其工艺关键是控制二次莫来石化产生的体积效应。当制品的Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量在７０％以下时,铝矾土熟料制品的高温性能取决于莫来石晶相与液相间的数量比例。Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量越高,制品中莫来石含量越高,玻璃相相应减少,制品的高温性能越好。在生产中提高…     

单向聚束质子激发X射线研究超导材料合成中的重力效应

采用质子激发Ｘ射线（ＰＩＸＥ）分析技术,以能量为２．０ＭｅＶ的质子束为激发源,利用单元四极磁透镜对带电粒子束的单向聚束本领,对超导材料样品ＣａＳｒ２Ｂｉ２Ｃｕ２Ｏ８进行了扫描ＰＩＸＥ分析,获得了其中元素Ｘ射线强度的垂向分布数据。在没有质子数数据参数的情况下,针对这种样品组成已知的特殊性,采用了内标迭代定量分析方法,获得了各元素的垂向浓度分布结果。强度和浓度数据均表明,元素Ｃａ主要分布在样品的顶部表层,证明人们关于超导材料合成过程中存在重力效应影响的推断是正确的。     

不同物质(土质、岩质)的岩石滑坡体高密度电法异常特征区别

应用物探方法对滑坡进行勘查,已成为一种经济、快捷、有效的手段,文章首先从认识两类典型滑坡(Ⅰ类—土质滑坡、Ⅱ—类岩质滑坡)的滑坡结构开始,从物性差异角度分析了滑体、滑面和滑床的电性特征,说明了物探方法在滑坡勘查中的有效性;通过在某已知滑坡地质体上采用高密度电法不同装置、不同极距进行测试,得出滑坡勘查中电性响应特征的一般规律,总结了高密度电法在滑坡勘查中的技术要点和“滑面”解释原则;最后对贵州地区典型的2处滑坡(土质、岩质滑坡)勘查成果进行实例分析,结果显示:两类物质(土质、岩质)的岩石滑坡地质体电性响应特征具有相同规律,均有明显的三层电性结构层(高-低-高阻)分别对应滑体、滑面、滑床,但土质滑坡地质体的软弱夹层反映在电性剖面特征上的“体积效应”更显著。     

消除全空域效应:原理、装置与应用实例

如何消除"全空域效应"是电磁勘探中的难题,国内外学者试图从基础理论、数据处理、测线布设等方面入手来解决,但存在求解条件苛刻、计算繁杂、技术实现困难、成本高等问题.文中提出了用屏蔽装置直接消除全空域效应以逼近地面式测量的新思路,研制了相应的装置,给出了使用方法和应用实例,取得了良好的实践效果.     

P- and S-wave velocities and densities in silicate and calcite rocks from the Peloritani Mountains, Sicily (Italy): The effect of pressure, temperature and the direction of wave propagation

The Peloritani Mountain Belt (north-eastern Sicily) represents the connection between the Southern Appenninic Range and the Appenninic Maghrebid Chain. The lithotypes outcropping in a 36 km long and approximately 8 km wide area in the eastern part of the Peloritani Mountains are considered to represent most properly the composition of the lower crust. We selected 7 representative samples of silicate rocks (amphibolite, paragneisses, augen gneiss, phyllitic quartzite, pegmatitic rock) and 3 samples of calcite rocks (calc-schist, marbles) for the petrophysical measurements. Measurements were done on sample cubes of dry rocks in a multi-anvil apparatus. Raising of pressure gives rise to velocity increase, but the rate is different in the silicate and calcite rocks and closely related to progressive closure of microcracks. Linear behaviour is approached above about 200 MPa. Increasing temperature at 600 MPa decreases velocities in most silicate and in the calcite rocks with almost linear slopes. Substantial anisotropy of P- and S-wave velocities and shear wave splitting is found in both rock types. The residual anisotropy observed above about 200 MPa is attributed to lattice preferred orientations (LPO) of major minerals. 3D velocity calculations for an amphibolite, a paragneiss and a marble sample based on the LPO of hornblende, biotite and calcite, respectively, confirm the experimental findings of a close relationship between velocity anisotropy, shear wave splitting, shear wave polarization, lattice preferred orientation and the structural frame of the rocks (foliation, lineation). In the silicate rocks, the intrinsic (600 MPa) average P-wave velocities and Poisson's (Vp / Vs) ratios exhibit a tendency for a linear increase with densities, whereas the three calcite rocks cluster at markedly higher P-wave velocities and Poisson's (Vp / Vs) ratios, compared to their densities. In the silicate rocks, there is also a linear trend for an inverse relationship between the SiO₂ content, density and the Poisson's (Vp / Vs) ratio, respectively.     

高岭石有机插层复合物的研究现状及发展趋势

综述了高岭石-有机物插层复合物发展历程,分析了高岭石插层复合物制备方法、插层反应影响因素及插层应用,并阐述了有机插层复合物的研究重点及发展趋势。     

Jurassic‐to‐present thermal history of the central High Atlas (Morocco) assessed by low‐temperature thermochronology

Apatite fission track (AFT) and (U–Th)/He data from the High Atlas have been obtained for the first time to constrain the tectono‐thermal evolution of the central part of the chain. Results from Palaeozoic basement massifs indicate long residence at low temperatures, consistently with their original location out of the deepest Mesozoic rift troughs and indicating minor exhumation. The best rocks for extracting the Alpine history of the Atlas Mountains are Jurassic intrusives, which yield AFT ages centred on c. 80 Ma; thermal models based on AFT data and constrained by (U–Th)/He suggest that these ages are included in a slow cooling trend from intrusion age to c. 50 Ma ago that we attribute to post‐rift thermal relaxation. This is followed by a stability period of c. 30 Ma and then by a final exhumational cooling until present exposure. Eocene intrusives yield AFT ages similar to those of Rb–Sr and K–Ar suggesting rapid emplacement in the uppermost crust.     

High temperature fracturing and ductile deformation during cooling of a pluton: The Lake Edison granodiorite (Sierra Nevada batholith,California)

In the Bear Creek area of the Sierra Nevada batholith, California, the high temperature postmagmatic deformation structures of the Lake Edison granodiorite include steeply-dipping orthogneiss foliations, joints, and ductile shear zones that nucleated on joints and leucocratic dykes. Exploitation of segmented joints resulted in sharply bounded, thin shear zones and in large slip gradients near the shear zone tips causing the deformation of the host rock at contractional domains. The orthogneiss foliation intensifies towards the contact with the younger Mono Creek granite and locally defines the dextral Rosy Finch Shear Zone (RFSZ), a major kilometre-wide zone crosscutting the pluton contacts. Joints predominantly strike at N70–90°E over most of the Lake Edison pluton and are exploited as sinistral shear zones, both within and outside the RFSZ. In a narrow (∼250 m thick) zone at the contact with the younger Mono Creek granite, within the RFSZ, the Lake Edison granodiorite includes different sets of dextral and sinistral shear zones/joints (the latter corresponding to the set that dominates over the rest of the Lake Edison pluton). These shear zones/joints potentially fit with a composite Y–R–R′ shear fracture pattern associated with the RFSZ, or with a pattern consisting of Y–R-shear fractures and rotated T′ mode I extensional fractures. The mineral assemblage of shear zones, and the microstructure and texture of quartz mylonites indicate that ductile deformation occurred above 500 °C. Joints and ductile shearing alternated and developed coevally. The existing kinematic models do not fully capture the structural complexity of the area or the spatial distribution of the deformation and magmatic structures. Future models should account more completely for the character of ductile and brittle deformation as these plutons were emplaced and cooled.     

Effect of Uncertainty of the Pre-Exponential Factor on Kinetic Parameters of Hydrocarbon Generation from Organic Matter and its Geological Applications

The source rock sample of the Shahejie Formation（upper Es₄） in Jiyang Sag was pyrolyzed under open system with the Rock-Eval-Ⅱapparatus,and then kinetic model parameters were calibrated for investigating the effect of uncertainty of pre-exponential factors on kinetic parameters and geological applications,where the parallel first-order reaction rate model with an average pre-exponential factor and discrete distribution activity energies was used.The results indicate that when the pre-exponential factor changes from low to high,an extreme value for residual errors occurs.And with the increasing pre-exponential factor,the distribution shape of activation energies are nearly the same,but the values of activation energies move higher integrally,and the average activation energy increases about 12 kJ/mol for every 10-fold of the pre-exponential factors.Extrapolating the geological heating rate of 3.3℃/Ma,the results show that with the increases in pre-exponential factor, the geological temperature corresponding to TR_0.5（transforming ratio of hydrocarbon generation is 50%） increases gradually,and the additional temperature gradually decreases.Combined with geochemical data of source rock,the kinetic parameters with different pre-exponential factors are used to calculate the transformation ratio of hydrocarbon generation,and the result indicates that kinetic parameters corresponding to the better optimized pre-exponential factor are more suitable.It is suggested that the risk assessment of hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters should be enhanced when using the kinetic method to appraise the oil-gas resources.Meantime,the application result of different kinetic parameters should be verified with geological and geochemical data of source rock in the target area;therefore,the most suitable kinetic parameters for target can be obtained.