Seismic Stability Analysis of a Himalayan Rock Slope

The seismic slope stability analysis of the right abutment of a railway bridge proposed at about 350 m above the ground level, crossing a river and connecting two huge hillocks in the Himalayas, India, is presented in this paper. The rock slopes are composed of highly jointed rock mass and the joint spacing and orientation are varying at different locations. Seismic slope stability analysis of the slope under consideration is carried out using both pseudo-static approach and time response approach as the site is located in seismic zone V as per the earth quake zonation maps of India. Stability of the slope is studied numerically using program FLAC. The results obtained from the pseudo-static analysis are presented in the form of Factor of Safety (FOS) and the results obtained from the time response analysis of the slope are presented in terms of horizontal and vertical displacements along the slope. The results obtained from both the analyses confirmed the global stability of the slope as the FOS in case of pseudo-static analysis is above 1.0 and the displacements observed in case of time response analysis are within the permissible limits. This paper also presents the results obtained from the parametric analysis performed in the case of time response analysis in order to understand the effect of individual parameters on the overall stability of the slope.     

Rock Cavern Stability Analysis Under Different Hydro-Geological Conditions Using the Coupled Hydro-Mechanical Model

Rock cavern stability has a close relationship with the uncertain geological parameters, such as the in situ stress, the joint configurations, and the joint mechanical properties. Therefore, the stability of the rock cavern should be studied with variable geological conditions. In this paper, the coupled hydro-mechanical model, which is under the framework of the discontinuous deformation analysis, is developed to study the underground cavern stability when considering the hydraulic pressure after excavation. Variable geological conditions are taken into account to study their impacts on the seepage rate and the cavern stability, including the in situ stress ratio, joint spacing, and joint dip angle. In addition, the two cases with static hydraulic pressure and without hydraulic pressure are also considered for the comparison. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the coupled approach can capture the cavern behavior better than the other two approaches without the coupling effects.     

Analysis of Stochastic Seismic Wave Interaction with a Slippery Rock Fault

Stochastic seismic wave interaction with a slippery rock fault is studied, based on the principle of conservation of momentum at the wave fronts along the fault. By using the displacement discontinuity method, the wave propagation equations are derived for incident longitudinal-(P-) and shear-(S-) waves, respectively. This is an extension of the study by Li and Ma (2010) for blast-induced wave propagation across a linear rock joint. Stochastic seismic waves are generated from a frequency spectrum and used to analyze the seismic wave interaction with a rock fault having a Coulomb-slip behavior. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effect of the intensity and impinging angle of the incident seismic waves on wave propagation across a slippery rock fault. Results show that the transmission of the incident P-wave is almost not affected by the fault, on the contrary, this is not the case for an incident S-wave, due to the occurrence of a relative slip which is related to the impinging angle of the incident S-wave. A quantitative study is presented which is of help in understanding the propagation and attenuation laws of seismic waves in discontinuous rock masses.     

Earthquake Stability Analysis of Rock Slopes: a Case Study

Stability analysis of Surabhi landslide in the Dehradun and Tehri districts of Uttaranchal located in Mussoorie, India, has been simulated numerically using the distinct element method focusing on the weak zones (fracture). This is an active landslide on the main road toward the town centre, which was triggered after rainfall in July–August 1998. Understanding the behaviour of this landslide will be helpful for planning and implementing mitigation measures. The first stage of the study includes the total area of the landslide. The area identified as the zone of detachment is considered the most vulnerable part of the landslide. Ingress of water and increased pore pressures result in reduced mobilized effective frictional resistance, causing the top layer of the zone of detachment to start moving. The corresponding total volume of rock mass that is potentially unstable is estimated to 11.58 million m³. The second stage of this study includes a 2D model focussing only on the zone of detachment. The result of the analyses including both static and dynamic loading indicates that most of the total displacement observed in the slide model is due to the zone of detachment. The discontinuum modelling in the present study gives reasonable agreement with actual observations and has improved understanding of the stability of the slide slope.     

松动岩体边坡稳定性研究

黄河大柳树坝址两岸山体中广泛分布着断层、软弱岩层和松动架空的岩体,且该区地震强度高。本文采用数值模拟的方法,对松动岩体高边坡在天然条件下和地震动作用下的稳定性进行了分析研究。结果表明:在天然条件下,坡体基本稳定,但表层坡体存在岩体卸荷松动现象,沿断层有集中剪切现象;地震动作用下,因岩体强度软硬相间而进一步发生松动,导致边坡失稳。     

岩石边坡稳定的可靠度分析

在岩石边坡稳定可靠度分析中,利用贝叶斯方法对断层带抗剪强度参数进行分析,充分利用滑动面以外的地质信息和现场实践经验,较好地解决了小样本实验数据问题。可靠度分析采用离散化降维解法,以原工程采用的边坡稳定设计分析方法为基础,编制了相应的ＲＳＳＡＰ程序,在该程序中直接调用原设计程序,确保工程结构的可靠度设计和评价与现行工程设计方法的和谐统一。     

裂隙岩体边坡稳定性分析方法

岩石边坡，尤其是裂隙岩体边坡稳定性分析应考虑岩体中结构面的产状、性质和发育程度。对随机发育的岩体结构面，赤平极射投影是确定优势结构面及分析边坡潜在破坏模式的基础。以某电厂高100m以上岩石高边坡为例，介绍了采用赤平投影图解法及极限平衡法，进行岩体边坡稳定性分析的方法。     

裂隙化岩体中圆形断面调压井围岩稳定性分析

块体理论是适用于裂隙化岩体变形失稳分析的有效方法。运用块体理论赤平投影法研究某水电站超大型调压井围岩随机块体的稳定性,将圆形断面调压井开挖临空面抽象简化为八个方位的边墙加以研究,分析了井周各部位可能的关键块体及其运动形式,计算了关键块体的净滑力。分析结果对工程施工具有可靠的现实指导作用,为锚固设计和永久衬砌设计提供了依据,可供类似工程参考。     

一种改进的光滑粒子动力学法在地震条件下岩质边坡中的验证与应用

开发一种改进损伤框架的粒子流算法,被称为核断裂的光滑粒子流法（kernel-broken smoothed particle hydrodynamics,KBSPH）,用于模拟地震条件下岩质边坡的裂纹扩展和变形破坏过程.在KBSPH中,提出一种改进的损伤框架,通过引入断裂标志来改进损伤粒子的核函数,使损伤粒子的虚拟应力键直接断裂,裂纹在断裂的应力键间生成,从而模拟岩石的裂纹扩展过程.在地震边界上采用了双层边界,将动力输入边界与黏滞边界分离.首先通过薄板振动实验验证KBSPH的动力特性.其次以单裂隙岩体单轴压缩试验验证KBSPH的断裂力学特性.最后模拟地震条件下多节理岩质边坡中裂纹扩展过程和动力响应.薄板振动实验验证了KBSPH的动力特性的准确性.单裂隙岩体单轴压缩试验,证明了KBSPH可以正确模拟预制裂隙尖端的翼型裂纹.通过对比以往数值模拟方法和现场案例,表明KBSPH正确揭示了加速度放大效应以及地震条件下岩质边坡的裂纹扩展过程.KBSPH避免了传统算法的网格畸变,损伤粒子应力分量重新分配的问题,降低了编程难度,提高了运行速率,可为SPH在地震条件下岩石力学中的应用和理解岩石断裂机理提...     

三峡链子崖危岩体非线性动力响应分析

采用非线性有限元法研究岩质边坡的动力响应问题，模拟了软弱夹层的材料非线性及断层或裂缝的接触问题，假定岩块弹性体，推导了非线性动力响应迭代格式并编制了适于岩质边坡动力响应分析的三维非线性有限元程序，利用该程序对三峡链子崖危岩体进行了动力响应分析，得出了一些有价值的结论，计算结果与模型试验结果基本相符，证明本文数值计算的正确性。     

Rock Wedge Stability Analysis Using System Reliability Methods

Summary We present a system reliability approach to rock wedge stability analysis. Different failure modes are considered, and a disjoint cut-set formulation is employed – with each cut-set corresponding to a different failure mode – to explore the system aspects of the problem, so that the reliability of the system is assessed by computing the probability of failure of the slope under each failure mode. An example case is used to demonstrate different approaches to compute the reliability of the slope design. Our results show that an approximation to the “exact” probability of failure – given by Monte Carlo simulation results – may be obtained using a first order approximation to the failure domain, and that linear programming techniques may be used to obtain bounds of the probability of failure. Furthermore, we identify the most likely failure mode, and we explore the sensitivity of the computed probabilities to changes in the random variables considered. The results indicate that the reliability results are quite sensitive to the geometry of the wedge. Changes in water conditions are also found to have a significant impact on the computed probabilities, while changes in unit weight of the rock have a considerably smaller effect on the reliability.     

岩质高边坡稳定性有限元分析

在评价边坡稳定性方面，采用弹性本构模型的有限元法是一种值得信赖的方法，它在诸多方法中能简便的处理复杂情况下岩土体边界和地质条件。本文介绍了有限元法边坡稳定性分析基本原理，并结合具体针对玉环高边坡区域构造特征和边坡的工程地质特征，应用有限元法建立了有限元模型及选取参数，进行了稳定性分析，得出了位移圉、应力图、安全系数图，定量的揭示和模拟边坡破坏、变形的过程和机制，并对边坡加固进行了可行的论证和建议。     

Stability Analysis of Rock Slopes Against Block-Flexure Toppling Failure

Block-flexure is the most common type of toppling failure in rock slopes. In this case, some rock blocks fail due to tensile bending stresses and some overturn under their own weights. In this paper, first, a literature review of toppling failures is summarized. Then, a theoretical model is proposed for rock slopes with a potential for block-flexure toppling instability. Next, a new analytical approach is presented for the stability analysis of such slopes. Finally, a special computer code is developed for a quick stability assessment of the failures based on the proposed method. This code receives the rock slope parameters from the user as the input data and predicts its stability, along with the corresponding factor of safety against the failure, as the output. In addition, two case studies are used for practical verification of the proposed approach and the corresponding computer code as well.     

岩体演化的非线性动力学模型与稳定性分析

以时间序列为基础,应用支持向量机建立岩体演化的非线性动力学模型,依据Lyapunov指数给出最长可预报时间,并通过函数拟合、变量代换将其化为标准的尖点突变模型,利用突变理论对其进行稳定性分析。结果表明,该模型预测效果理想,并具有良好的推广能力。     

宁波北仑蓝天船厂岩质边坡稳定性分析

宁波北仑蓝天船厂的岩质边坡均为人工爆破山体后形成的,由于爆破后的岩质边坡没有经过人工处理,所以边坡具有倾角大、风化强、节理发育等特点,已经影响到厂区的安全生产,必须对岩质边坡进行稳定性分析。通过野外现场测绘,运用极射赤平投影法对边坡岩体结构面进行稳定性分析,并在此基础上给出岩质边坡的总体评价和处理意见。     

Pseudo Static Seismic Stability Analysis of Reinforced Soil Structures

The paper pertains to the pseudo-static seismic stability analysis of reinforced soil structures. Using limit equilibrium method and assuming the failure surface to be logarithmic spiral, analysis has been conducted to maintain internal stability against both tensile and pullout failure of the reinforcements. The external stability of the reinforced earth wall is also assessed in terms of its sliding, overturning, eccentricity and bearing modes of failure. The influence of the intensity of the surcharge load placed on the backfill is also considered in the analysis. The obtained results are validated by comparing the same with those reported in literature. Studies have also been made regarding the influence of backfill soil friction angle, horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations, surcharge load, the tensile strength of reinforcement, pullout length of the reinforcement and number of reinforcement layers on the seismic stability against various failure modes as mentioned earlier.     

仙宇屯景区危岩体稳定性分析及治理措施

为保障景区游客及旅游设施的安全,本文运用无人机遥感航空拍摄,生成实景三维立体模型,宏观分析危岩体的破坏模式。基于三维激光扫描技术,对仙宇屯东南面和西南面危岩带进行精准量测,获取危岩体几何尺寸、结构面产状、方量等崩塌参数,对危岩体的稳定性进行定性评价。结果表明,天然工况下,仙宇屯两处危岩处于稳定状态;暴雨工况下,处于不稳定状态。因危岩体与旅游栈道形成垂直威胁,分析计算采用长廊式的板棚治理措施以达到融入自然生态环境目的。     

电站坝基岩体评价及深层抗滑稳定性分析

某水电站位于雅鲁藏布江中游桑日至加查峡谷段出口处,坝型为混凝土重力坝,最大坝高116m,属高坝。混凝土重力坝主要是依靠坝体自身重量于基础之上产生的摩擦力及坝体与基础之间的凝聚力来抵抗水压力以满足稳定要求,对基础岩体要求较高。根据该水电站坝基工程实践,从坝基岩体质量评价方法、分级标准及深层抗滑稳定计算方法等方面进行一些有益探索,对类似工程坝基岩体质量评价及深层抗滑稳定计算具有指导意义。     

三维地震勘探在湖泊等浅水系地表条件下的应用效果分析

介绍了在湖泊浅滩及养殖区密集的浅水系地表条件下开展三维地震勘探的主要特点和难点,并提出了具有针对性的技术措施,从而保证了野外数据采集和资料处理的质量。通过对三维地震勘探的野外数据采集、资料处理的总结和地质成果的验证,说明了三维地震在湖泊和鱼塘密集区等地表为浅水系地区取得较好勘探效果,并为今后地表复杂地区的三维地震勘探工作提供了借鉴经验。