6-9年生杉木幼林凋落物及其养分特征

根据定位观测的数据,探讨了2代杉木人工林幼林造林后6—9年凋落物数量及其养分特征,结果表明,在4a中,杉木幼林向林地输入凋落物共为1408．67kg·hm^-2,年均凋落量352．17k·hm^-2,6～9年的各年凋落量占总凋落量的比例为：19．84％、21．93％、28．51％、30．99％;在年凋落量中枝叶占多数,6～9年枝叶凋落总量分别为：233．43kg·hm^-2、264．80kg·hm^-2、334．09kg·hm^-2、354．11kg．hm^-2,年总凋落量、年枝叶凋落量均随着年份的增加而增加．在2002年、2003年和2004年夏季和秋季杉木幼林内凋落物的总量较多,冬季和春季较少,而2005年春季凋落总量最多,冬季最少．在凋落物各组分养分归还量中,杉木叶和其他叶N、P、K和C归还量较多,且年变化较大,杉木枝、其他枝、虫粪和碎屑N、P、K和C归还量较少,年变化亦较小．     

长白山锦北雨养泥炭剖面元素富集规律分析

为了揭示长白山锦北泥炭沼泽区泥炭沉积环境和重金属元素的历史变化及其对环境的指示意义,利用荷兰W ardenaar泥炭采样器采取泥炭样品并对样品进行高分辨率切割。用原子吸收分光光度计和等离子体发射光谱仪测定不同深度剖面Ca,Mg,Na,K,A l,Ti,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Pb,Cr,N i和Co的浓度。研究分析了Ca,Mg,Na,K,A l,Ti,Mn,Zn,Cu,Pb,Cr,N i和Co在泥炭剖面的分布趋势并对其进行了相关分析和富集分析,得出Mn,Zn,Cu,Pb,Cr,N i和Co呈显著相关且在泥炭表层明显累积,揭示出泥炭表层重金属元素的大气沉降来源,表明近年来人类重金属消耗量及排放量的增加是大气沉降重金属元素的主要释放源,而且环境中重金属污染有加重的趋势。     

森林凋落物-土壤动物-土壤系统中营养元素含量关系及分异

根据对吉林省左家自然保护区同一坡面上不同地形部位的凋落物、土壤动物及土壤中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe 6种营养元素含量实测数据,研究了凋落物、土壤动物体内和土壤中的营养元素差异以及坡面上营养元素的纵向分异。结果表明,在较缓的丘陵坡面上,6种营养元素的纵向分异并不十分显著。土壤动物体内N、P、Ca含量明显高于凋落物和土壤,土壤中K、Mg、Fe元素含量则高于土壤动物和凋落物。坡面中部凋落物、土壤动物及土壤中N元素含量高于坡面两端,土壤中的P、K元素含量在坡体上部出现最大值,Mg、P元素纵向分布呈线性分布规律,Ca元素分布波动幅度较大,且呈非线性规律。凋落物、土壤动物和土壤中元素含量线性关系较强。凋落物和土壤动物体内元素的变异对土壤中元素含量变化的贡献率较大。     

Characteristics of mineral element content of alpine vegetation in permafrost region on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The content characteristics of 16 elements (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, and Zn) in 23 plant species collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were investigated using ICP-OES. Results show that the average contents of Ca, K, Mg, Fe and P were higher than 1,000 mg/kg, those of Al, Na, Zn and Cr ranged between 10–1,000 mg/kg and those of Cu, Li, Pb and Mo were less than 10 mg/kg. The levels of Al, Ca, K, Mg and Na were within the scope of the reported terrestrial plant element content, those of Sr, Fe and Cr were higher than the average of the terrestrial plants and the maximum content of Mn was higher than the upper limit of the reported Mn content. The main character of the element content was of the Ca>K type, however, in terms of Cyperaceae species the element content character was K>Ca type. The contents of Ca, Li, Mg and Sr in Gramineae and Cyperaceae species were higher than those in other species and the contents of Ca, K, Mg, Fe, P, Al and Na in all collected plants were higher than those of other elements. Zn had weak variability with the lowest coefficient (i.e., 7.81%), while other elements had strong variability. The ratio of maximum content to minimum content indicated Ca and K had less change than other elements in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region. Element content of alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region mainly shows a positive correlation, among which the correlation coefficient between Al and Pb, Al and Fe, Mo and Cr, Pb and Fe, Sr and Li were higher than 0.9, and negative correlation had no statistical significance. The correlation between Al and Fe, Mg, Mn in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were consistent with that reported in Kunlun Mountains.     

6～9年生杉木幼林凋落物及其养分特征

根据定位观测的数据,探讨了2代杉木人工林幼林造林后6~9年凋落物数量及其养分特征,结果表明,在4 a中,杉木幼林向林地输入凋落物共为1 408.67 kg.hm-2,年均凋落量352.17 kg.hm-2,6~9年的各年凋落量占总凋落量的比例为:19.84%、21.93%、28.51%、30.99%;在年凋落量中枝叶占多数,6~9年枝叶凋落总量分别为:233.43 kg.hm-2、264.80 kg.hm-2、334.09 kg.hm-2、354.11 kg.hm-2,年总凋落量、年枝叶凋落量均随着年份的增加而增加.在2002年、2003年和2004年夏季和秋季杉木幼林内凋落物的总量较多,冬季和春季较少,而2005年春季凋落总量最多,冬季最少.在凋落物各组分养分归还量中,杉木叶和其他叶N、P、K和C归还量较多,且年变化较大,杉木枝、其他枝、虫粪和碎屑N、P、K和C归还量较少,年变化亦较小.     

菲尔德斯半岛3种金发藓植株的同步辐射X射线荧光分析

为了研究南极不同苔藓植株及其器官间的元素组成和分布的差异 ,我们利用同步辐射X射线荧光对菲尔德斯半岛 3种金发藓植株进行了重元素分析。这 3种植物是高山金发藓(Polytrichumalpinum) ,桧叶金发藓 (P .juniperinum)和极地金发藓 (P .alpestre)。它们所含的元素种类大致相同 ,主要有K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn和Sr等 ,这说明在菲尔德斯半岛 3种金发藓植株的生境条件是相似的。但是 ,在Polytrichumalpinum叶内 ,K峰远大于Ca ,Ca峰大于Fe ;在P .juniperinum植物叶片中 ,K峰大于Ca ,而Ca峰接近于Fe ;在P .alpestre叶内 ,K、Ca和Fe峰几乎相等。通过对P .alpestre不同部位进行X荧光分析 ,并用荧光计数法表示元素相对含量 ,我们发现各部位间的元素含量差异很大。在顶芽处 ,K的含量最高 ,K/Ca比等于 1 .30 ,而其他部位的K/Ca比均小于 1。在假根部位 ,Mn的含量在所有部位中是最高的 ,并且Mn/Fe比值最大 ,为 0 .2 1。在老叶片和假根部位 ,Cu/Zn比分别等于 1 .2 0和 1 .84,而其他部位的Cu/Zn比均小于 1。特别是这两个部位还出现了Br元素 ,这可能与器官的衰老有关。     

黄河三角洲清水沟和清八汊河口表层土壤金属元素含量对比

于2015年10月28～29日,在黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区内的清水沟和清八汊河口,分别采集芦苇(Phragmites australis)盐沼、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)盐沼和柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)盐沼表层(0～10 cm深度)土壤样品,测定了土样中17种金属(V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Pb、Sr、Mn、Ti、Na、Mg、K、Fe、Ca、Al)的含量,并对两个河口土壤中的各元素含量进行了比较。研究结果表明,在清八汊和清水沟河口表层土壤中,与其它金属元素含量相比,Co质量比都相对最小,分别为7.97 mg/kg和8.35 mg/kg;Al质量比都相对最大,分别为86 664.06 mg/kg和102 319.51 mg/kg;除Na外,清水沟河口表层土壤中的其它金属元素(V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Sr、Pb、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe)含量都高于清八汊河口;在清八汊河口,芦苇盐沼表层土壤中的各金属元素含量较高,而在清水沟河口,柽柳盐沼表层土壤中的各金属元素含量较高;在清八汊河口,表层土壤中Mg含量与Co、Ni、Zn、Ga、Pb、Al、Ca、Mn和Fe含量显著正相关,在清水沟河口,表层土壤中Co含量与Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Pb、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Mn和Fe含量显著正相关,说明这些金属元素可能具有同源性。     

铁炉港红树植物红榄李和榄李各器官矿质元素含量分析

于2015年3月15日、3月25日、4月10日和4月20日,对三亚市铁炉港红树林自然保护区内的红榄李(Lumnitzera littore)和榄李(Lumnitzera racemosa)植株进行样品采集,测定其各器官10种矿质元素含量,比较了两种同属植物的矿质元素含量。研究结果表明,在红榄李各器官中,Ca和Fe元素在根中含量最高,Zn元素在茎中含量最高,Na和K元素在叶中含量最高,N、P、Mg、B和Cu元素在花中含量最高。在榄李各器官中,Fe和Zn元素在花中的含量最高,K元素在根中含量最高。红榄李各营养器官中的K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu和Zn元素的含量都显著高于榄李(n=27,p0.05),而其在生殖器官花中的含量都显著低于榄李;红榄李生殖器官果实中的Cu和Zn元素含量显著低于榄李(n=27,p0.05)。     

贡嘎山垂直带林分凋落物及其理化特征

本文研究了贡嘎山东坡垂直带森林凋落物量、凋落物特征及其N、P、K、有机碳的归还量,并探讨了它们随海拔高度变化的规律。结果表明,分布于海拔2200m常绿与落叶阔叶混交林、海拔3050m峨眉冷杉和林线峨眉冷杉的凋落物量依次为:3811.017、2809.925、2908.501 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1);N、P、K的归还量依次为:66.577、34.850、40.758 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。贡嘎山东坡海拔2200m至3580m天然林乔木层的年凋落物量随水热条件的变化有明显减少的趋势,乔木层的年凋落物中阔叶成分逐步消失,针叶成分从无到有,地衣、苔藓所占比例逐渐减小,碎屑所占比例也趋于减小。     

内蒙古河套地区玉米种植区土壤元素有效态特征研究

通过采集河套地区玉米种植区根系土样品,分析了主要营养元素的有效态含量。分析结果表明,S、Ca有效态占全量的比例大于10%,它们是最易被作物吸收的元素;Mo、Cu、Mn、N、Pb、K等元素的有效态占全量的百分比在5%与10%之间,是易被作物吸收的元素;B、Zn、Fe、Mg、Na、P等元素有效态所占比例较低,是不易被植物吸收的元素。     

Variations in Ageing in Home and Ageing in Neighbourhood

This paper takes a new approach to investigating people who age in place. It provides an explanation for why people age in a place that can be useful in government and corporate planning. Our research investigates the principal factors that drive the decision of a rising number of older Australians to age in place. Many older people wish to age in place rather than move in with their children or be institutionalised. They wish to continue to be active in their local communities and maintain their existing social ties. The concept of ageing in place covers two distinct groups: those who are able to stay in their current dwellings and age in home and those who move house but remain in their local community and age in neighbourhood. Age-friendly home modification is a response to ageing in home, whereas the provision of institutional healthcare and the provision of age-suitable housing to facilitate downsizing are associated with ageing in neighbourhood. Using Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data, this research examines the mobility decisions of older Australians and identifies the major determinants of a decision to age in place. This research argues for a better understanding of ageing in place, differentiating between those ageing in home and those ageing in neighbourhood.     

Changes in regional employment in Denmark in the seventies

Nielsen, Bue and Sørensen, Peder Michael: Changes in regional employment in Denmark in the seventies. Geografisk Tidsskrift 84, 69–73. Copenhagen, January 1984.

The paper deals with regional development in employment in Denmark in the 1970's. It uses shift-share analysis to isolate elements and activities responsible for the regional dispersion experienced. In that context the paper discusses the interrelationship between manufacturing industries and public services.     

Life in de facto statelessness in enclaves in India and Bangladesh

Drawing on conceptualization of statelessness and ethnographic research on crucial insights of rightessness, this paper investigates how the politico‐geographic‐legality constructs statelessness in the enclaves in India and Bangladesh. Following the decolonization process in 1947, both India and Pakistan/Bangladesh inherited more than 200 enclaves, which comprise 80 per cent of the world's enclaves. With improved bilateral relations, India and Bangladesh officially exchanged the enclaves on 1 August 2015, and the enclave dwellers will gradually be granted citizenship rights over the next few years. In this period of transition from statelessness to statehood, this paper can be read as contemporary history. This paper will draw attention to three aspects of statelessness. First, conceptualization of statelessness not only applies to the refugeehood or de‐territorialization of people but also relates to the process of constructing transterritorial stateless people. Second, this paper will discuss the condition of statelessness constructed in a politico‐geographic‐legal trap. And finally, the paper calls for a wider empirical and critical focus on the hidden geographies of de facto statelessness.     

分形理论在中国地理学应用的研究

1IntroductionMany natural phenomena such as zigzag coastline, various landforms, turbulent rivers, etc. cannot be described with traditional Euclid geometry, but they are of self-similarities. Fractal geometry takes the complex phenomena as its research objects and has been developed into a specific theory. So it has been praised as natural geometry. What is fractal means "irregular, fractional, fragmental" and its core is self-similarity (Wang and Cao, 1995). To characterize fractals differ…     

福建九龙江口红树林造林遇到的问题

中国的红树林在过去50年里面积锐减了近70%,恢复和发展红树林迫在眉睫,红树林人工造林是必由之路。福建九龙江口湿地资源丰富,然而在红树林造林上却遇到了一些问题,这些问题阻碍了九龙江口红树林的恢复和发展,应该引起相关部门的关注。     

我国生物地理学研究进展

生物地理学研究是生物学和地理学交叉非常明显的部门自然地理学学科,它具有很强的基础研究特点,同时研究成果也具有很大的应用潜力。近年来,我国生物地理学基础研究在国家自然科学基金委等部门的支持下,在山地植被与地理环境、干旱半干旱区植被与地理环境、植物区系、植物物候、土壤动物与土壤生态功能、土壤生物结皮等方面开展了全面而深入的研究。同时拓展了传统生物地理学的研究方向,在植物地理学与全球变化、植物地理学与生物多样性保护、植物地理学与生态系统管理等方面也开展了大量研究。尤为可贵的是干旱半干旱区土壤生物结皮研究、典型温带荒漠区原生荒漠植被对水分改变的响应与适应研究取得了令国内外关注的高水平研究成果。     

我国开展森林认证的进展

<正> 森林认证作为促进森林可持续经营(SFM)的一种市场机制在20世纪90年代逐渐兴起。它指的是在独立第三方评估的基础上,根据制定的系列标准,按照规定和公认的程序对森林经营的质量进行认定并发放证书的程序。在短短十几年的时间内,它从最初仅     

Advances in applied studies of fractal theory in geography in China

The fractal theory put forward by American mathematician B B Mandelbrot (1967) supplies an effective approach to solve complex problems. The complex problems in geography have become the main positive study field of fractal theory. Based on the works of China’s geographers and the summarization of contents of fractal theory, the authors comment on the present situation of its applications to almost every branch of geography and discuss the related problems and the prospects of fractal study in geography.