7·23特大地质灾害狙击战

预警预报--周密部署,严阵以待 7月23日上午8时,湖南省国土资源厅地质环境处收到省气象台专报,称由于受高空低槽、中低层低涡切变线与地面冷空气共同影响,23日晚湘西北、湘北将出现强降水.     

成都风湿发病的气象分析

应用数诸天气学的方法，对风湿病发生时的气象条件和天气系统进行分析归纳，得出成都地区风湿发生的高峰期主要是春末夏初，秋末冬初，风湿的发生主要与气象因子中的相对湿度，温度及其变化有很大的关系。成都地区与风湿发作的有关天气系统有西南低涡、南支槽、蒙古高压、高原低涡、高原切变线等，且在冷锋过境或持续低温阴雨的天气形势下会诱发风湿病发作，由此可通过数据统计的方法和天气学的方法来预测风湿病发病期，为预防风湿病提供依据。     

西南低涡移动的初步分析

从描述西南低涡运动的中尺度原始方程组出发，对低涡系统作水平分布的零阶Ｂｅｓｓｅｌ函数近似，在铅直方向上取６层斜压模式近似；导出了西南低涡移动速度的控制方程，得到了影响低涡移动的较为全面的因子，并通过对个例进行６层斜压模式的数值计算和诊断分析，找出了对低涡移动取决定性作用的决定性因子、一般影响因子、作用较小的修正因子和贡献极其在弱的不影响因子。然后分析和讨论了各因子对低涡移动作用的物理意义，为认识西南低涡移动的物理机制及用于业务预报提供参考。     

夏季青藏高原低涡结构的动力学研究

应用卫星云图资料分析了两例夏季青藏高原低涡发展过程及其结构演变,揭示出高原低涡结构特征的若干观测事实。在此基础上借鉴研究类热带气旋低涡的方法,将暖性青藏高原低涡视为受加热和摩擦强迫作用,且满足热成风平衡的轴对称涡旋系统,通过求解柱坐标系中的线性化涡旋模式,得出边界层动力作用下低涡的流函数解,重点讨论了地面热源强迫和边界层动力"抽吸泵"对高原低涡流场结构的作用。研究认为,由于边界层加热和摩擦的共同作用,高原低涡的温度场呈暖心结构。热源强迫的边界层低涡的散度场存在一个动力变性高度,该高度的位置与边界层顶高度有关。通过边界层动力抽吸作用,当边界层顶有气旋性涡度时,能引起边界层低涡的水平辐合运动和随高度增强的上升运动,并可加强低涡的切向流场;如果低涡的中心区域为"内冷外热"型加热分布,则热源强迫的低涡中心区域下层为辐散气流和随时间减弱的切向流场,上层为辐合气流和随时间增强的切向流场,并伴有下沉运动,从而有利于形成涡眼(或空心)结构,在卫星云图上表现为低涡中心为少云(或无云)区,即这类高原低涡具有与台风类似的眼结构,因而可视为类热带气旋涡旋的新例证。最后通过高原低涡的简化模型对低涡所含的波动进行了分析和讨论,结果表明:高原低涡中既含有涡旋Rossby波,又含有惯性重力波,即低涡波动呈现涡旋Rossby-惯性重力混合波特征。     

三亚凤凰机场一次飚线过程的特征分析

利用三亚凤凰机场实时观测数据、常规地面观测资料、高空观测资料、三亚地区多普勒雷达资料及闪电定位资料,从天气形势、物理机制、雷达回波和闪电特征等方面对2012年4月21日的飚线天气过程进行了详细分析。结果表明:地面冷锋、低涡切变线以及高空槽相互配合是产生此次强对流天气的天气尺度系统,飑线是此次对流天气的直接影响系统;欧阳位温图和雷雨顺能量图对此次强对流飚线过境有一定的指示意义;多普勒雷达图和闪电定位资料在临近预报中能够有效识别飚线特征,对飚线的移动方向、维持时间的预报有指导意义。     

西藏高原切变线云系中雨以上降水的卫星云图分析

本文利用1974～1980年7年6～9月份152次中雨以上降水的卫星云图资料,着重分析了91次西藏高原切变线云系中雨以上降水过程的卫星云图形态和造成中雨以上降水的高原南部和北部云系侵入高原的路径,从而觅求出造成西藏高原中雨以上降水的切变线云系的卫星云图,以便于高原天气分析和预报中使用。     

2011年3月云南一次寒潮天气过程分析

2011年3月15日～18日是一次典型的南支槽与强冷空气相结合的天气过程,此次过程对云南省造成了强降温雨雪天气.为了研究此次天气过程的成因以及为今后类似天气过程提供预报思路,利用6h间隔的NECP1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料和TBB黑体亮温资料,对此次天气过程进行天气学分析和诊断分析.分析结果表明:500hPa高度上中高纬度呈横槽型,横槽与高原东侧的低槽连接,槽后强劲的西北气流为这次寒潮天气过程带来强冷平流;南支槽的东移并加强使暖湿气流不断向云南境内输送;高低层冷暖气流交汇,低层切变线、地面冷锋的持续作用触发了此次降温雨雪天气.     

2011年3月云南一次寒潮天气过程分析

2011年3月15日～18日是一次典型的南支槽与强冷空气相结合的天气过程,此次过程对云南省造成了强降温雨雪天气.为了研究此次天气过程的成因以及为今后类似天气过程提供预报思路,利用6h间隔的NECP 1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料和TBB黑体亮温资料,对此次天气过程进行天气学分析和诊断分析.分析结果表明:500hPa高度上中高纬度呈横槽型,横槽与高原东侧的低槽连接,槽后强劲的西北气流为这次寒潮天气过程带来强冷平流;南支槽的东移并加强使暖湿气流不断向云南境内输送;高低层冷暖气流交汇,低层切变线、地面冷锋的持续作用触发了此次降温雨雪天气.     

高原低涡结构特征模拟与诊断的初步研究

利用二重嵌套的非静力中尺度数值模式MM5对2005年7月28—29日的一次高原低涡过程进行了数值模拟,并利用模拟结果对此次低涡的结构进行了初步分析。结果表明．-MM5模式对此次低涡过程有较好的模拟能力,模拟出的位势高度场分布和涡度场结构与实况基本吻合。此次高原低涡具有同热带气旋相似的涡眼（空心）结构和暖心结构。在流场上,高原低涡在涡眼区下层表现为辐散下沉运动,上层为辐合上升运动;而在涡心四周下层表现为辐合上升运动,上层为辐散下沉运动;在涡度场上,高原低涡下层为正涡度区,上层为负涡度区。     

高原低涡结构特征模拟与诊断的初步研究

利用二重嵌套的非静力中尺度数值模式MM5对2005年7月28—29日的一次高原低涡过程进行了数值模拟,并利用模拟结果对此次低涡的结构进行了初步分析。结果表明：MM5模式对此次低涡过程有较好的模拟能力,模拟出的位势高度场分布和涡度场结构与实况基本吻合。此次高原低涡具有同热带气旋相似的涡眼（空心）结构和暖心结构。在流场上,高原低涡在涡眼区下层表现为辐散下沉运动,上层为辐合上升运动;而在涡心四周下层表现为辐合上升运动,上层为辐散下沉运动;在涡度场上,高原低涡下层为正涡度区,上层为负涡度区。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

General Table of Contents(Vol.11,2014)

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介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理 ;由卫星信号传播、信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差 ;给出了多种快速、高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则 ;列出了将WGS - 84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法 ,供读者在GPS工作中参考。