辽西山区某厂泥石流调查

通过辽西某厂泥石流灾害的实地调查,阐述了泥石流发生的条件,介绍了泥石流危害,分析了泥石流的现状并预测了发展趋势,提出了防治措施。     

基于三维有限元的地下连续墙深基坑逆作法施工方案设计

基于三维有限元,对采用"逆作法"施工的地下连续墙深基坑进行了设计方案研究,按变形控制提出了设计方法,并以天津某基坑为例进行了计算.首先,对结构进行了竖向荷载作用下的结构设计计算,然后,在结构计算的基础上提出了3种基坑施工方案,分别建立了三维有限元模型.对各方案的不同工况进行计算模拟,获得了各方案在不同工况下的连续墙和楼板的应力应变结果,找出了施工的控制工况和受力的薄弱部位.最后,结合实际情况分析了各方案的优点和不足之处,对方案进行了优选,可为最终设计方案的确定提供参考.     

我国水文测验技术的回顾与发展

简要回顾了水文测验发展的过程,介绍了中国测验工作的现状,总结了近二十余年水文测验业务建设的重大举措,评价了水文测验技术应用成果,指出了当前中国水文测验存在的主要问题和面临的挑战,提出了今后水文测验工作发展的具体建议。     

未来10～15年中国浅层地热能发展方向战略分析

过去15年(2005—2020年),我国浅层地热能产业发展迅猛.在理论和技术等方面取得了重大突破,主要成就包括:创立了浅层地热能地质学理论体系,开展了一系列关键技术及浅层地热能成因机理的研究,创新了浅层地热能规模化开发理念,建成了一批具有重大影响的示范项目,创建了浅层地热能研究和创新体系,推广工作取得了显著成效,促进了...     

莒县天宝钛铁矿尾矿选钛的工艺研究

近年来国家对钛的需求越来越大,从钛铁矿中选钛成为急需解决的的问题。莒县天宝钛铁矿通过重磁联合选矿方法从尾矿中选钛,有效地回收了钛资源,增加了产品品种,拉长了产业链,实现了资源的综合利用,减少了污染和土地占用,保护了环境。     

塔里木盆地地质环境演化及钾矿寻找研究进展

描述了我国钾盐资源的现状,总结了世界上大型钾盐矿床的分布和形成规律:物质基础、地质构造、岩相古地理及气候条件.分析了塔里木盆地的基本概况,阐述了在晚自垩-古近纪这一历史上重要的成盐期,塔里木盆地的地质环境演化历史,分析了塔里木盆地晚白垩纪和古近纪沉积相特点,确定了塔里木盆地的两个浓缩中心--库车凹陷和塔西南凹陷,综述了塔里木盆地的地质找钾状况,为钾盐的找矿工作做了良好的地质铺垫.     

隧道含水构造电阻率法超前探测正演模拟与应用

针对直流电阻率法超前探测研究中理论研究落后于工程实践的现状和探查效果较差的问题,对隧道直流电阻率法超前探测进行了系统的正演研究。首先,利用有限单元法数值手段对含水断层等多种典型含水构造的超前探测进行了正演,得到了典型含水构造超前探测的异常响应特征,提出了干扰识别与去除这一关键技术,形成了掌子面前方有用信息提取的有效途径,为隧道含水构造的超前探测奠定了理论基础。其次,研制了隧道含水构造超前探测物理模型试验装置和相似材料并开展了物理模型试验,在实验室尺度下对直流电阻率法超前探测这一新型测量方式进行了有益的探索,验证了该方法用于含水构造探测的有效性。最后,结合实际工程进行了超前地质预报实践,实现了对含水构造的定性判断。应用效果表明,直流电阻率法超前探测研究为现场应用提供了指导和参考,并为含水构造的三维反演成像与定位奠定了基础。     

回火温度对钻杆接头性能的影响

在对绳索取心钻杆接头断裂现象分析的基础上,开展了对钻杆接头热处理工艺的研究。经研究改进了热处理工艺,调整了表面处理方式,使钻杆接头断裂现象较调整工艺前有明显减少,延长了钻杆接头的使用寿命,提高了勘探施工效率,减少和预防了孔内事故的发生。     

杏花春雨

如雾似烟的细雨清润的杏花有了些许的兴奋,排着队,一片一片地洇红了由近及远的几条山谷。杜鹃很是深情的一声声的鸣叫,令舒展了枝条的杏树陡然收敛了放荡的思绪。该是唱一杯杏花酒的时刻了,就着这细雨、这杏花,和那唱着歌儿已经远去了的杜鹃。 北方的春天,虽说少了江南特有的那一份烟的婉约和水的妩媚,却多了北方固有的山的刚毅与河的奔放。被春天反复熏染得或浓、或淡的远山,像极了白石老人笔下的丹青水墨。尤其雨后的山谷,杏树枝条的颜色较先前暗了许多,杏花却愈发明丽粉白。都因了一场春雨,再也寻不到杏花一点点的矜持了,自自然然,繁华满树,带着狂野和自信,开了个漫山遍野。     

Q 型聚类分析在枣庄市地下水污染研究中的应用

该文给出了 Q 型聚类分析的原理和计算方法,并结合清凉泉水源地的污染问题进行了研究。通过长系列的水质监测资料,查明了清凉泉水源地水质动态变化特征,并对特征污染因子进行了聚类分析,基本查明了清凉泉水源地的污染途径,得到了较满意的结果。     

A new mammal track from the Laramie Formation (Maastrichtian) at the Fossil Trace locality,Golden, Colorado

A previously unknown and morphologically distinct pentadactyl mammal track was recovered from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Laramie Formation at the Fossil Trace site, a National Natural Landmark which is the type locality for Schadipes crypticus, the only named mammal track known from North America. The track is different, and larger than S. crypticus, and thus is evidence of a diversity of mammal trackmakers at this site. Although Cretaceous mammal tracks are very rare, preliminary indications are that those currently known are all morphologically distinct and therefore indicative of a global diversity of different trackmakers, as the body fossil record suggests. Lack of well-preserved mammal trackways with morphologically distinct manus and pes footprints hampers efforts to name diagnostic ichnotaxa.     

Pleistocene mammal faunas of Eastern Europe

Systematic studies of the Pleistocene mammal assemblages of Eastern Europe have been carried out for more than a century, and they elucidated evolutionary changes and ascertained chronological sequence of the faunas. The available evidence on fossil mammals from Eastern Europe allows differentiation of 7 complexes of large mammals. These complexes represent 15 assemblages and their phases distinguished for small mammals. The appearance of new taxa of different rank provides the basis for identification of the principal stages in mammal evolution. Multi-disciplinary studies of fossil mammal localities have made it possible to correlate theriological data with the main events of the Pleistocene (such as glacials and interglacials) by comparison between geological, geochronological and palaeontological data.Interglacial and periglacial mammal faunas of different age have been defined on the basis of their structural characteristics and geographical distribution. Two types of mammal assemblages are recognised: zonal interglacial and periglacial assemblages specific to glacial periods. In the first type, each zonal assemblage is dominated by a single ecological group of mammals. A distinctive feature of the second type is the co-existence of animals belonging to different ecological groups and inhabiting different natural environments.     

Farola Monte Hermoso: Fission-track Dating of Darwin's mammals deposit in Argentina

The Montehermosan Land Mammal Age has been etablished by fission-track dating of the mammal deposit of Farola Monte Hermoso. The fossil bones were found in the lowest part of the outcrop, consisting of fluvially derived clay and silt. The erosional surface between the lowest portion and the overlying aeolian sands is charcterised by a compact unit of rounded volcanic glass shards; a second fresh volcanic ash level is about 1 m above. EDS analyses and fission-track age analyses were performed on the two levels. The age determined for the lower volcanic ash level, 1.7 ± 0.4 Ma, is a minimum age for the Chapadmalalan mammal assemblage and a maximum age for the Uquian mammal assemblage in the Bonaerense area.     

Mammal fauna during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in the far northeast of Europe

The paper summarises materials on the mammal remains in northeastern Europe, dated by radiocarbon. Altogether, 23 local faunas of small mammals and 47 local faunas of large mammals were analysed. Multidimensional statistical analysis shows a strong correlation between changes in small mammal fauna composition and climate changes throughout time. The correlations with the spatial gradients, however, are less pronounced. The faunas are classified into three groups: (1) faunas of Holocene age; (2) Late Pleistocene ‘stadial’ assemblages; and (3) Late Pleistocene ‘interstadial’ assemblages. In some cases, changes in species abundance are better understood in terms of biotic interrelations rather than of climatic effects. The most pronounced change in small mammal fauna composition and structure occurred at the Preboreal/Boreal boundary, and a less conspicuous alteration took place at the LGM/Lateglacial transition. The most noticeable transformation in the large mammal fauna composition is dated to the early Holocene. Less significant changes are observed at the Middle Weichselian/LGM transition and at the LGM/Lateglacial transition. It is safely concluded that variations in the faunas of small and large mammals recorded in NE Europe during the last 35 000 years occurred synchronously and unidirectionally.     

Magnetochronology of Late Miocene Mammal Fauna in Xining Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau, China

The Xining basin is located in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is a rift basin formed in Mesozoic and Cenozoic and structurally belongs to the intersection of Kunlun and Qilian Mountains. Cenozoic fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary strata are continuous in the Xining basin, with a thickness of more than 800 m, completely recording the deformation uplifting, weathering and denudation history and climate change process of the northeastern plateau. Currently, early Miocene Xijia fauna, early Middle Miocene Danshuilu fauna and late Middle Miocene Diaogou fauna are discovered in the Xining basin, which provide an important basis for the stratigraphic correlation of the Cenozoic strata in the Xining basin. However, in the next few decades, there are no reports about the large mammal fossils in the Xining basin, especially about late Miocene fauna. The author discovered a large amount of mammal fossils in the Neogene sedimentary strata in Huzhu area, Xining basin. According to the identification results of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, these fossils mainly included Hipparion dongxiangense, Chilotherium sp., Parelasmotherium sp., Stephanocemas sp. and Kubanochoerus sp. and their age was early Late Miocene. Since the discovery of this set of fossils directly filled the blank that there were no large mammal fossils in the Xining basin in Late Miocene, it was very important for studying the magnetic stratigraphic chronology of fossil-forming strata and establishing the paleomagnetic chronology scale plate of mammal fossils. In this paper, the paleomagnetic data of the fossil-forming stratigraphic profile, Banyan profile, were measured and the paleomagnetic records were collected through high density sampling, and finally the paleomagnetic polarity column of the profile was established. The results showed that five positive and five negative polarity segments were recorded in Banyan profile, which corresponded well to the polarity between C3Br.1n-C4n.2n in the standard polarity column. The age of profile top was about 7.25 Ma and profile bottom was about 8.4 Ma, with an age range of 1.15 Ma. The mammal fossils discovered this time were exposed between positive and negative polarities N5 and R5 at the bottom of the profile, corresponding to C4r.1r at negative polarity and C4n.2n at positive polarity in the standard polarity column. The age of mammal fossils was about 8.3 Ma. The paleomagnetic chronology of the strata and paleontological fossils determined the absolute age of late Miocene mammal fossils and expanded the upper age of late Miocene Xianshuihe Formation (N1xn) in the Xining basin, which had provided new basic data for further studying the stratigraphic deposition and correlation of late Cenozoic strata and regional environmental evolution.     

Moisture History and Small Mammal Community Richness during the Latest Pleistocene and Holocene, Northern Bonneville Basin, Utah

Precipitation and net primary productivity are positively correlated in arid environments. Both variables are, in turn, correlated with mammal species richness, but this relationship is not necessarily positive. With increasing precipitation in arid areas of low to moderate productivity, mammal richness increases linearly; as rainfall and productivity increase beyond this point, mammal richness is known to decline in some areas, producing a relationship that has been termed “unimodal” or “humped.” In the Great Basin of the arid western United States, studies of the relationship between rodent species richness and precipitation have revealed only a positive relationship between these two variables. It has, however, been argued that if areas of higher precipitation were to be sampled within this region, the decline phase would become evident. When latest Pleistocene and Holocene small mammal assemblages from the northern Bonneville Basin (central Utah) are examined across a temporal moisture gradient, species richness declines as moisture declines. Since the Great Basin was significantly moister during the latest Pleistocene and Early Holocene than it has been since that time, the unimodal response model does not appear to apply to this region.     

A New Species of Gobiconodon (Mammalia) from Western Liaoning, China and its Implication for the Dental Formula of Gobiconodon

A new species of Gobiconodon from the Early Cretaceous in the Lujiatun locality of western Liaoning is erected based on an almost complete skull and lower jaw. It has a flatten skull roof, the lambdoidal crest is strongly curved forward, and the sagittal crest is short and low. There is a protuberance near the anterior base of the zygoma. The preservation of the upper teeth is very rare in all known Gobiconodon, and this provides important information for the study on the formula of Gobiconodon. The new species is the fifth primitive mammal unearthed from the Lujiatun locality, and is of great value for the study of the geological age of the stratigraphy at Lujiatun by primitive mammal material.     

Avian and mammalian bone taphonomy in southern continental Patagonia: A comparative approach

In southern Patagonia, the occurrence of large seabird nesting colonies condition the features of the regional bone record, which is characterized by a large amount of bird remains, despite their small body size. Bird and mammal bones have remarkably different taphonomic histories in this region: mammal remains are less damaged by carnivores and resist weathering for long periods, whereas bird bones show a greater initial destruction by carnivore activities and faster deterioration by weathering. A comparison of these results with results from research conducted in several African parks (particularly Amboseli) shows that differences in both records are mainly due to differences in community composition and predator–prey dynamics in both ecosystems. Furthermore, while in both ecosystems bird bones weather more rapidly than mammal bones, destruction by this process is more rapid in Patagonia. Overall, the analysis reinforces the need to generate specific models to understand taphonomic histories of archaeofaunal assemblages from Patagonia.     

A New Species of Gobiconodon (Mammalia) from Western Liaoning,China and its Implication for the Dental Formula of Gobiconodon

A new species of Gobiconodon from the Early Cretaceous in the Lujiatun locality of western Liaoning is erected based on an almost complete skull and lower jaw. It has a flatten skull roof, the lambdoidal crest is strongly curved forward, and the sagittal crest is short and low. There is a protuberance near the anterior base of the zygoma. The preservation of the upper teeth is very rare in all known Gobiconodon, and this provides important information for the study on the formula of Gobiconodon. The new species is the fifth primitive mammal unearthed from the Lujiatun locality, and is of great value for the study of the geological age of the stratigraphy at Lujiatun by primitive mammal material.     

Pattern of sedimentary infilling of fossil mammal traps formed in pseudokarst at Cerro de los Batallones,Madrid Basin,central Spain

Fossil mammal sites of late Miocene age (ca 9 Ma) occur in hourglass‐shaped, non‐interconnected cavities up to 15 m deep, hosted in mudstone (mostly sepiolite), chert and carbonate bedrock in Cerro de los Batallones. This paper provides a model for the sedimentary infilling of the cavities, which functioned as traps for vertebrate faunas and contain one of the richest and best preserved Neogene mammal assemblages of the Iberian Peninsula. Generation of the mammal‐bearing cavities started with the solution of underlying evaporites, which resulted in fissures that were subsequently enlarged by subsurface piping, a process rarely preserved in the ancient sedimentary record. The system of subterranean cavities evolved into a pseudokarst landscape, resulting in doline‐like shafts reaching the ancient land surface. The sedimentary infilling of the cavities comprises both clastic and carbonate lithofacies that were investigated by outcrop observation, standard and scanning electron microscope petrography, mineralogical analysis, and stable isotope geochemistry. Gravel and breccia talus deposits, clast and mud‐supported gravel, pebbly sandstone and mudstone are common detrital infill deposits mostly derived by overflow erosion of bedrock. The deposits containing the mammal bones are marls, and occur both in subsurface cavities and doline‐like depressions. In the underground cavities, marlstone was mainly of clastic origin and accumulated in ponds scattered over the floor of the cavity. In contrast, marlstone deposits in the surface dolines formed mostly as a result of biochemical carbonate deposition in small shallow lakes subjected to fluctuation of the water level. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C carbonate values indicate different origins for the two kinds of marls. During the final phases of pipe infill the doline marlstone sealed the mammal sites, usually off‐lapping the adjacent bedrock.