Gottfried Konecny:the influence in the global development of the three geosciences

PREFACE The paper contains a brief overview of the professional activities of Professor Gottfried Konecny,Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation,Leibniz University Hannover,Germany,and his influence on photogrammetry,remote sensing and geospatial infor-mation science during his time at the University of New Brunswick,Canada,and at the Leibniz University.His work can be divided into educational,scientific,application,organizational,and work in international societies.Additional activities comprised of giving courses in various languages,consultancy activities,and various other cooperations which took place in many South American countries,in Africa and Asia,for organizations such as the World Bank,United Nations,German Space Agency DLR,to name only a few.Activities in connection with international societies mainly took place during Prof.Konecny's engagement in the Council of the International Society for Photogrammetry(ISP),renamed the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS),and the European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories(EARSeL)Bureau.He was a key figure in bringing many countries and organizations to ISPRS as Ordinary and Sustaining Members.Professor Konecny has always been aware of the importance of international cooperation at various levels,also with sister societies such as the International Cartographic Association and the United Nations-Global Geospatial Information Management(UN-GGIM).His application activities span from the photogrammetry-oriented projects he was awarded in Canada,to remote sensing topics and geospatial sciences,combined with cartography during his Hannover period.His vision and endless effort are exemplary for a person who has always been devoted to the three geosciences mentioned above.Professor Konecny is the author of a number of books,journal papers and papers presented at international and national conferences.He has been a recognized keynote speaker at many conferences throughout the world due to his vast experience.This paper describes 75 years of a man who is an expert in fields which arose during his academic life.     

PHOTOGRAMMETRIC INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODS AT OPERATIONAL LEVEL

Following a successful meeting in 1971, the Photogrammetric Society held a second symposium at the University of Birmingham on 31st March and 1 st April, 1973. Four papers were delivered. The first considered the problems of the instrument operator and the contribution which he was able to make to the development of techniques and instrumentation. The second paper examined the status of the optical transfer function in lens calibration. Participants were able to look back and appreciate the early use of air survey methods, particularly in India, during the third paper and then turn to consider the present position of photogrammetry during the final paper.     

Gottfried Konecny:our best friend in photogrammetry and remote sensing of China

Preface Lebenslauf Prof.Dr.-Ing.mult Gottfried Konecny is one of the most respected names in photogrammetry.He is an Honorary Member of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS),Honorary Professor of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping,and our best friend.     

虚拟现实与计算机动画

虚拟现实与计算机动画方面的研究内容在较长的时期内是一个热点主题,ISPRS将其列为一个专题,对支持摄影测量与遥感的成果展示有积极的促进作用。本文通过归纳和总结2008年ISPRS大会的该专题论文,简要地给出这些论文的主旨,以企为读者提供举纲张目的帮助。这些论文的研究内容集中在3维可视化相关技术方面,包括3维数据获取建模与处理、3维模型数据精简、纹理数据提取、DEM可视化以及巷道可视化方法等。     

《解析摄影测量》课程基础理论的教学主线分析

解析法是摄影测量学、数字摄影测量与遥感影像纠正处理的基础理论和基本数学模型。通过多年的教学实践,总结出了解析法摄影测量基础理论教学的两条主线,从而有效地帮助学生在学习这门课程时从其繁杂的知识体系中理清思路,找到掌握摄影测量解析法的一条捷径。     

低空无人机的倾斜摄影测量技术在城市轨道交通建设中的应用

智慧地铁的建设需要三维模型的支撑,运用倾斜摄影测量技术,结合三维可视化技术,为智慧地铁提供了三维数据支撑,推动了全生命周期智慧地铁建设的全面发展。本文旨在以雄安新区城市轨道交通R1线为研究区,对其沿线85 km进行了无人机航飞工作,通过数据处理获取了沿线三维实景模型,并对模型成果精度进行了详细对比。结果表明,此次倾斜摄影测量成果满足1：500比例尺要求。此外,还对倾斜摄影测量技术在城市轨道交通建设中的相关应用进行了介绍,为城市轨道交通建设工作由二维向三维转变开拓了新的方向。     

光学航天传感器几何建模与DEM生成新进展

高分辨率光学卫星成像系统正越来越多地应用于遥感和摄影测量领域。根据新型的高分辨率卫星影像系统主要特点及高分辨率卫星测图的关键技术的发展趋势,以第21届国际摄影测量与遥感大会“光学航天传感器几何建模与DEM生成”专题中的51篇文章为参考,总结了目前典型的光学卫星影像（主要是IRS—P5和ALOS／PRISM）的几何建模方法,影像匹配与DEM提取方法以及光学航天传感器在其他方面的应用。     

数字航空摄影三维重建理论与技术发展综述

航空摄影测量作为摄影测量学最重要的分支之一,近年来得到了长足的发展。倾斜航空摄影和无人机摄影测量等多种新作业模式的出现,给传统航空摄影测量带来新的挑战的同时也催生出了诸多新的解决方案。此外,人工智能领域计算机视觉技术和深度学习技术中的新理论、新方法不断融入航空摄影测量中,推动航空摄影测量向智能化、自动化方向发展。当代航空摄影测量学已经是多种传感器融合、多种数据采集方式结合、传统摄影测量和人工智能技术交叉的产物。三维重建是航空摄影测量的核心问题之一。本文阐述了当代航空摄影三维重建技术的发展趋势和存在的问题,着重从航空影像的同名连接点自动提取与匹配、区域网平差、密集匹配和单体化建模4个方面对当前的研究现状进行了总结讨论,给出了当前国内外主流的航空影像摄影测量处理框架。     

利用低空无人机飞控数据的摄影航带全自动整理方法

本文为低空无人机平台弱控制航摄影像建立符合航测处理要求的区域网,提出了基于无人机飞控数据的无人机影像航带整理技术;分析了无人机影像航测处理区域网构建要求,提出针对无人机航测处理的航带整理技术流程;设计了基于飞控姿态数据的无人机起降和转弯影像自动剔除算法,自动生成航带;并提出了基于飞控数据快速计算像片FOV算法,构建区域网内像对链接关系;对实际无人机航摄的两个测区进行航带整理实验,结果表明基于飞控数据可快速构建区域网,满足空三匹配和挑片测图要求。     

The Digital National Framework and Digital Photogrammetry at Ordnance Survey

Over recent months the Ordnance Survey, Britain's national mapping agency, has changed the way in which it uses photogrammetry to update its large scales topographic database. The nature of the database itself has also changed during the same period, as the concept of a "Digital National Framework" has developed. This paper describes the Digital National Framework, the topographic data captured by Ordnance Survey within this framework and the capture methods currently used. The paper concentrates on the use of photogrammetry in the update process, describing the methods of the past, the methods currently in production, and the outlook for photogrammetry within the Ordnance Survey in future.     

X-RAY PHOTOGRAMMETRY OF ARTIFICIAL JOINTS

X-ray photogrammetry has the potential to make a significant contribution to clinical orthopaedic practice. The features of X-ray photogrammetry as it can be applied in the clinical setting are reviewed, together with some of the analytical methods of three dimensional reconstruction. A major effort in orthopaedics involves the further improvement in the durability of artificial hip joints, whose ultimate life is usually limited by loosening of the components within the bone. Current methods of assessment are described and a review presented of X-ray photogrammetry of the hip. It is believed that a proposed system at Oxford combines the best features of earlier methods. Some possible developments of X-ray photogrammetry in orthopaedics are suggested.     

新形势下摄影测量学课程教学改革探讨

随着视频卫星、无人机和计算机技术的普及与发展,摄影测量技术已经从传统地势侦察与地形测绘推广应用于智慧城市建设的各个领域,多学科的交叉融合是摄影测量发展的必经之路。为了满足传统摄影测量向智能摄影测量发展要求,本文在原有摄影测量教学的基础上,引入倾斜摄影测量与计算机视觉方面的相关知识,优化和完善摄影测量教学内容,丰富教学实践。本文教学改革探讨旨在扩展摄影测量教学前言知识,满足现代社会对创新型和实践型摄影测量人才的需求,为摄影测量学科适应新时代的发展提供了理论基础。     

GPS／INS组合系统的工作原理及其在航空遥感中的应用现状

GPS／INS组合系统应用于航空摄影测量时可以直接给出相机曝光瞬间的外方位元素，从而部分乃至全部地摆脱传统摄影测量对地面控制点的依赖。本文主要介绍GPS／INS组合系统的工作原理及特点，以及GPS／INS组合系统辅助航空摄影测量与遥感的国内外应用现状。     

测绘工程专业《摄影测量学》课程教育的实践与思考

摄影测量从产生到现在 ,已经经历了模拟摄影测量、解析摄影测量和数字摄影测量三个发展阶段。伴随着各种新兴的科学技术特别是计算机技术、空间技术和信息技术的迅猛发展 ,数字摄影测量在国内外已经进入了实用阶段。而目前 ,大多数高校测绘工程专业摄影测量学的教育教学工作没有及时反映摄影测量的最新进展 ,其教育教学和实习的重点依然是模拟和解析部分。本文主要探讨了当前测绘工程本科专业摄影测量教育教学体系中存在的几个典型问题 ,包括摄影测量学的教学目的、教学内容的整和优化和教材建设、教学形式与教学方法。同时结合了本人摄影测量学的教学实践 ,从实际出发 ,提出了解决这些问题的具体意见和建议 ,对摄影测量学的教学改革具有重要的指导意义和实践意义     

Medical photogrammetric measurement: overview and prospects

Since the earliest days of photogrammetry, there have been photogrammetrists who have directed research effort towards medical measurement. Although the specific motivation for these studies has not always been disclosed, it is probably because of the various benefits that photogrammetry can offer to humanity as a painless and non-invasive means of providing medical practitioners with spatial measurement relating to the human body. The intention of this paper is to reflect on the place of the many medical developments within the photogrammetric world. The various photogrammetric applications in medicine are summarised to identify the characteristics of medical photogrammetry, and it becomes evident that medical photogrammetrists have developed a range of body measurements using widely varying photogrammetric techniques, in response to the demands for specialised spatial measurement tools for a wide variety of medical ends. This volume of research activity has made medical measurement a substantial and varied sector of non-mapping photogrammetry. It is also clear that there are numerous challenges to the design of medical photogrammetric systems. They must give paramount consideration to the human patients and their comfort; they must yield not simply spatial data about the body but rather specific medical information. At the same time, it is of concern that non-photogrammetric scientists and engineers have developed medical measurement systems based on both photogrammetric and other optical techniques. Fortunately, photogrammetrists can also contribute to medical problems through their spatial data experiences. It is concluded that the many distinctive challenges mean that medical photogrammetry has not yet been as successful at changing the world as the extensive efforts applied to it suggest, but nevertheless, medical photogrammetry deserves to be recognised as a category of close range photogrammetry which remains a valuable pursuit which should not be abandoned because of any difficulties.     

数字近景摄影在建筑物变形监测中的应用

对传统的摄影测量技术与近景摄影测量技术进行比较;阐述近景摄影测量技术的优点;介绍近景摄影测量的数学模型及用近景摄影测量进行变形观测的优点;给出了应用实例,并作了精度分析。     

三目立体工业摄影测量系统外部参数的快速标定

针对我国锻件在位检测装置和测量方法落后的问题以及立体工业摄影测量现场控制场建立难的问题,开发出三目立体工业摄影测量系统,并提出系统外部参数标定方法,将控制场坐标系建立在相机上。试验证明,利用三目立体工业摄影测量系统解算物方点坐标的精度为0.201mm,验证标定精度的可靠性,满足在高温锻件测量现场建立简单、有效的高精度立体工业摄影测量控制场的应用需求。     

POS数据用于双介质水下地形摄影测量的研究

本文以双介质摄影测量的基本公式为基础、海水为介质,利用POS数据进行双介质水下地形摄影测量研究。文中介绍了机载POS系统及双介质摄影测量基本公式,论述了海水折射率和由折射引起的高程改正系数的求解,提出了双介质相对定向和直接定向的计算方法,最后用模拟数据进行验证。     

数字摄影测量发展的机遇与挑战

论述了数字摄影测量给学科、产业带来的机遇、变革与挑战,指出数字摄影测量的发展已超出了摄影测量的范畴,它是摄影测量与计算机（计算机视觉）界共同的责任。讨论了数字摄影测量与数字地球的关系。     

从PF和DPGrid的发展谈数字摄影测量发展的新特征

结合目前国内外新一代摄影测量处理系统的发展现状,从主要特点、功能组成、工艺流程、产品体系、关键技术等共性方面,深入分析和总结了新一代摄影测量处理系统的基本特征;同时指出了今后数字摄影测量处理系统的发展重点和方向.