江山铅锌金矿选矿试验研究

针对江山铅锌金矿品位低,矿物组成复杂的特点,采用"铅-锌-硫优先浮选,硫(金)精矿氧化焙烧预处理-焙砂氰化浸金"的工艺,金在铅(金)精矿、锌精矿、硫(金)精矿中的总回收率为81.25%。可使硫(金)精矿中96.89%的硫以二氧化硫的形式得到回收,对原矿的回收率为73.25%;金的作业浸出率达84.76%,对原矿的回收率为31.91%;浸渣中的铁品位达57.99%,对原矿的回收率为26.71%。通过试验研究与分析,确定适宜的选矿工艺及药剂制度,为今后合理开发该区矿石提供技术依据。     

某铅锌矿优先浮选试验研究

针对某地低铅高锌硫化矿,采用浮铅抑锌的优先浮选方法,通过条件试验对比确定最佳的药剂条件。试验结果表明,用优先浮选流程及所选的药剂条件处理铅品位为0.64%、锌品位为7.33%的原矿,能够得到铅品位52.75%,含锌7.71%,含银524g/t,铅回收率65.93%,银回收率8.91%的铅精矿;锌品位54.55%,含铅0.63%,含银286g/t,锌回收率91.91%,银回收率75.10%的锌精矿。     

某铅锌矿优先浮选试验研究

针对某地低铅高锌硫化矿,采用浮铅抑锌的优先浮选方法,通过条件试验对比确定最佳的药剂条件。试验结果表明,用优先浮选流程及所选的药剂条件处理铅品位为0.64%、锌品位为7.33%的原矿,能够得到铅品位52.75%,含锌7.71%,含银524g/t,铅回收率65.93%,银回收率8.91%的铅精矿;锌品位54.55%,含铅0.63%,含银286g/t,锌回收率91.91%,银回收率75.10%的锌精矿。     

老挝某氧化铅锌矿浮选试验研究

老挝某氧化铅锌矿中含Pb 2.87%、Zn 13.80%、Ag 143.90 g/t,矿石性质及结构较复杂,选别难度较大。为充分回收该矿石资源,对其进行了详细的浮选试验研究。通过对选别条件逐级优化,确定磨矿细度为-0.074mm占90.46%。选铅部分以Na₂CO₃为调整剂,水玻璃作为抑制剂,Na₂S作为活化剂,丁基黄药和异戊基黄药为组合捕收剂,2^#油为起泡剂;选锌部分以六偏磷酸钠为分散剂,Na₂S为活化剂,KZF为捕收剂。通过选铅“二粗三精三扫”,选铅尾矿再选锌通过“一粗二精二扫”中矿循环返回的大开路小闭路流程,获得铅品位45.28%、回收率77.78%的铅精矿,锌品位34.13%、回收率89.38%的锌精矿。铅精矿中银品位为1016.38 g/t、回收率为34.82%;锌精矿中银品位为193.43 g/t、回收率为48.58%,较好地实现了对该矿石资源的综合回收利用。     

铜-锌-硫混合粗精矿的选择性浮选分离

细粒嵌布型铜锌硫化矿采用粗磨后混合浮选工艺,具有回收率高和成本低的优势,但对所产出的混合精矿,亟需解决铜、锌、硫之间的高效彻底分离。云南玉溪地区铜锌硫混合粗精矿,其细度为-74μm 75%,含Cu 2.45%、Zn 4.93%、S 31.21%,笔者采用粗精矿再磨-铜、锌、硫选择性浮选分离工艺,研究了再磨细度、药剂种类、用量等因素对各矿物分离效果的影响。当粗精矿再磨细度为-38μm90%时,闭路试验获得品位和回收率均较高的铜、锌和硫精矿产品,铜精矿含Cu 21.00%,Cu回收率84.27%,锌精矿含Zn 48.37%,Zn回收率85.94%,硫精矿含S37.90%,S回收率82.85%,混合精矿中的铜矿物、锌矿物、硫矿物均实现了较彻底的分离。本研究为铜多金属混合精矿的有效分离提供了一种可资借鉴的方法。     

云南某硫化铜矿选矿试验

为确定云南某硫化铜矿矿石性质,制定合适的选矿方案.采用化学多元素分析、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、物相分析、矿物解离分析(MLA)和扫描电镜等分析测试技术,研究了矿石的矿物组成、连生体矿物共生特性及铜、硫的嵌布状态等.结果 表明,原矿含铜0.141％、硫9.80％,铜主要以硫化铜形式存在,硫的赋存形式以硫化物(黄铁矿)为主.黄铜矿多呈它形粒状,主要与黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、褐铁矿、菱铁矿、石英、绿泥石共生;黄铁矿多呈它形粒状,主要与磁黄铁矿、菱铁矿、石英、钙铁榴石共生.脉石矿物主要为石英和钙铁榴石.针对矿石性质,采用"混合浮选—铜硫分离"的选铜工艺流程,根据最佳条件参数进行铜硫分离闭路试验,得到了铜品位、回收率分别为15.34％、58.75％的铜精矿;硫品位、回收率分别为30.44％、55.04％,含铁39.13％的硫精矿.相较现场生产指标,铜精矿品位提高了5％,回收率提高了近20％.铜硫分离效果显著,为低品位硫化铜矿铜的回收提供了借鉴.     

冷原子吸收法测定铜,铅和锌的精矿中的汞

试验了用冷原子吸收法测定铜精矿、铅精矿和锌精矿中微量Ｈｇ的适宜条件，拟定出适于３种精矿中３￣５００μｇ／ｇＨｇ的测定方法。方法的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝１１）〈１０％，回收率为９０％￣１０２％，与双硫腙光度法测定结果吻合。     

江苏老人峰多金属矿石选别工艺的改进

老人峰多金属矿于1985年建矿。最初以重选法从矿区顶部含铜的铁帽中生产铜精矿。含铜矿石采掘完毕,即转入开采矿区下部铅、锌、黄铁矿矿石。矿山建立的选厂于1987年竣工,按无氰优先浮选流程试生产铅、锌、硫三种精矿。最初采用一段磨矿试生产,历时数月,始终未得到合格的铅、锌精矿。主要是铅、锌精矿中互相混杂严重,产品不符冶炼要求。当时认为矿石嵌布粒度细,     

都龙锡锌多金属矿硫粗精矿工艺矿物学与脱砷试验

以云南文山都龙锡锌多金属矿硫粗精矿为研究对象,通过化学分析、X射线衍射及光学显微镜等手段对该粗精矿进行了详细的工艺矿物学研究。结果表明,硫粗精矿中硫主要赋存状态为六方磁黄铁矿,锌的主要赋存矿物为铁闪锌矿,锡主要赋存状态为锡石,有害元素砷主要赋存状态为毒砂,脉石矿物主要为白云母和绢云母。毒砂已单体解离,磁黄铁矿和铁闪锌矿大部分已单体解离,绝大部分锡石与未单体解离的磁黄铁矿和铁闪锌矿连生,硫、锌、锡的品位总体随着粒级的减小而降低。根据工艺矿物学研究,都龙锡锌多金属矿硫粗精矿宜采用摇床预先抛尾,磁选脱除毒砂,初步试验表明该工艺取得了较好的脱砷效果。该研究结果可以为都龙锡锌多金属矿硫粗精矿提质降杂和资源综合利用提供科学依据。     

响应曲面法优化铜硫浮选分离试验研究

根据对铜矿的工艺矿物学分析,制定了先混合浮选后铜硫分离的工艺流程。通过单因素试验确定了混合浮选粗选丁基黄药与丁铵黑药最佳用量为180 g/t+90 g/t,二段磨矿最佳磨矿细度为-0.045 mm含量为80%,铜硫分离粗选捕收剂Z-200最佳用量为30 g/t。采用响应曲面法对铜硫分离抑制剂用量进行优化,结果表明抑制剂的最佳用量分别为Na₂S 119.43 g/t、CaO 1874 g/t、KG 498.26 g/t,在该条件下软件模拟得到Cu品位和回收率分别为8.47%、95.67%,与实际优化浮选试验结果相近。采用上诉最佳药剂制度进行闭路试验,最终获得Cu品位23.64%、Cu回收率92.54%的铜精矿和S品位43.45%、S回收率82.86%的硫精矿。     

Efficient flotation recovery of lead and zinc from refractory lead-zinc ores under low alkaline conditions

In this study, a new flotation approach, a low-alkaline and non-desliming process, was introduced for improving lead and zinc recoveries, lowering production cost and reducing environmental pollution. Lab-scale experiments results show that the new process contributed to the flotation of the complex mixed sulfide-oxide lead and zinc ore regarding two aspects: (1) High alkaline process (pH = 12±) was replaced by low alkaline process (pH = 9±) by using collector WS (a mixture of ethyl thiocarbamate, ammonium dibutyldithiophosphate and dithiophosphate-25) and combined depressant Na₂S/ZnSO₄/Na₂SO₃ for lead sulfide flotation; (2) Non-desliming process was successfully achieved by using collector MA (a mixture of ether amine, hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyacrylic acid) and combined depressant SHP/SS (sodium hexametaphosphate/sodium silicate) for zinc oxide flotation. And 43.37% Pb in the Pb concentrate was recovered, the corresponding Pb grade was 52.73%, total 84.42% Zn was recovered by the flotation of zinc sulfide minerals and zinc oxide minerals. Moreover, the two aspects of the new approach were systematically verified from lab-scale to industrial-scale application. The industrial-scale flotation tests show that Pb recovery in Pb concentrate increased by 1.86% compared with that of original system during industrial-scale tests period, and the Pb recovery increased by 4.09% compared with that of original system before industrial-scale tests period, while the Zn operating recovery in zinc oxide concentrate improved by 19.52%. Moreover, the total reagent cost of the whole new process significantly declined by 3.93 yuan per ton of ore.     

矿精粉中关键金属元素赋存状态研究方法流程的建立:以长江中下游成矿带富钴硫矿精粉为例

长江中下游成矿带作为我国矿床学研究程度和矿产利用技术水平最高的成矿带之一,大部分矿床中除了主要成矿元素铜、金、铁和硫等,还伴生潜在可利用的关键金属资源镉、钴、硒、碲和铼等。由于目前矿山主要选矿回收铜、铁、硫、铅、锌、金和银等主要矿种,在不改变选矿工艺的条件下,矿山产品矿精粉中关键金属的分布特征和可利用性是当前关键金属资源利用的核心问题之一。本文对成矿带内玢岩型铁矿床、矽卡岩型铁矿床、矽卡岩型铁铜矿床、矽卡岩型铜金矿床、斑岩型铜金矿床和角砾岩筒型铜金矿床等六类矿床的矿山产品(铜金粉、硫精粉、铁精粉和金精粉)进行了系统化学成分分析,发现目前的矿山产品中关键金属元素含量普遍不高,但矽卡岩型铁矿床中的龙桥铁矿床硫精粉中富集钴,具有综合回收利用钴资源的潜力。在此基础上,本次工作利用综合矿物分析技术(TIMA),扫描电镜(SEM)和激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)三种测试方法,系统开展了富钴硫精粉中钴的赋存状态研究。结果表明,龙桥硫精粉中钴矿物为辉砷钴矿、铁硫砷钴矿和硫铜钴矿,分别占硫精粉中总钴含量的9.93%、0.64%和0.01%。黄铁矿晶格中类质同象形式产出的钴占总量的81.97%,此外还有7.46%的钴赋存在其他矿物中。通过对比研究,初步建立了矿精粉中关键金属元素赋存状态的研究方法流程,为矿精粉中钴的回收利用提供了依据。     

Recovery of some valuable elements from lamprophyre dykes in the Abu Rusheid area, Southeastern Desert, Egypt

In the Abu Rusheid area, Southeastern Desert of Egypt, polymineralized (HREEs, U, Zn and Pb) lam-prophyre dykes are recently recorded. The lamprophyre dykes cut cataclastic rocks along share zones in NNW-SSE trends. The secondary U-minerals are essentially represented by uranophane, kasolite, torbernite and autunite. Ex-perimental work was carried out on the lamprophyre dykes for the recovery of uranium and other valuable elements (e.g. Zn, Pb and Al) from 50 kg of technological sample. The optimum conditions were: 100 g/L sulfuric acid con-centration, 1:5 S/L (solid/liquid) and soaking for 15 days at room temperature. The leaching efficiencies for the re-covery of uranium and other elements like Al, Zn and Pb were 40, 33.6, 98.8 and 78, respectively.     

The mixing of multi-source fluids in the Wusihe Zn–Pb ore deposit in Sichuan Province,Southwestern China

The Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) metallogenic province of southwest China is one of the most important Zn–Pb ore zones in China, with ~ 200 Mt Zn–Pb ores at mean grades of 10 wt.% Zn and 5 wt.% Pb. The source and mechanism of the regional Zn–Pb mineralization remain controversial despite many investigations that have been conducted. The Wusihe Zn–Pb deposit is a representative large-scale Zn–Pb deposit in the northern SYG, which mainly occurs in the Dengying Formation and yields Zn–Pb resources of ~ 3.7 Mt. In this paper, Zn and S isotopes, and Fe and Cd contents of sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit were investigated in an attempt to constrain the controls on Zn and S isotopic variations, the potential sources of ore-forming components, and the possible mineralization mechanisms. Both the δ⁶⁶Zn and δ³⁴S values in sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit increase systematically from the bottom to the top of the strata-bound orebodies. Such spatial evolution in δ⁶⁶Zn and δ³⁴S values of sphalerite can be attributed to isotopic Rayleigh fractionation during sphalerite precipitation with temperature variations. The strong correlations between the Zn–S isotopic compositions and Fe–Cd concentrations in sphalerite suggest that their variations were dominated by a similar mechanism. However, the Rayleigh fractionation mechanism cannot explain the spatial variations of Fe and Cd concentrations of sphalerite in this deposit. It is noted that the bottom and top sphalerites from the strata-bound orebodies document contrasting Zn and S isotopic compositions which correspond to the Zn and S isotopic characteristics of basement rocks and host rocks, respectively. Therefore, the mixing of two-source fluids with distinct Zn–S isotopic signatures was responsible for the spatial variations of Zn–S isotopic compositions of sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit. The fluids from basement rocks are characterized by relatively lighter Zn (~ 0.2 ‰) and S (~ 5 ‰) isotopic compositions while the fluids from host rocks are marked by relatively heavier Zn (~ 0.6 ‰) and S (~ 15 ‰) isotopic compositions.

     

铭溪龙凤场铅锌混合矿选矿工艺的探讨

福建省大田县硫铁矿利用原有设备，部分进行技改配置生产铅锌混合矿；并采用铅锌混合优先浮选流程，经过一年多生产实践，混合矿质量均达到国家标准；但铅、锌回收率低。通过改造选矿工艺流程、增加精选槽数、稳定原矿和加强磨矿细度控制等试验表明，铅、锌回收率可稳定在９２％以上     

应用能谱扫描电镜与X射线衍射等分析技术研究西藏扎西康铅锌矿中伴生元素锰的赋存状态

西藏扎西康铅锌多金属矿床是我国首次发现的喷流沉积-热泉水改造型锰铁锑铅锌银矿床,已有研究表明矿床中除了铅锌矿还伴生有银、锑、铜、硫、锰、砷等多种元素。本文在化学多元素分析和光学显微镜镜下鉴定的基础上,结合能谱扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析等手段对扎西康铅锌矿中伴生组分Mn的含量、矿物种类、嵌布和包裹等特性进行了研究。分析结果表明,原生矿石的主要成矿元素Pb和Zn的含量分别为6.00%和4.00%,伴生元素Mn的含量平均达到4.36%;原生矿石中的主要矿物为方铅矿、闪锌矿,其次为黄铁矿、毒砂和菱锰矿等。原生矿石中伴生元素Mn主要以独立的菱锰矿和铁菱锰矿形式存在,与闪锌矿和方铅矿密切共生,是成矿早期重要的载矿矿物,嵌布在石英、黄铁矿、闪锌矿和毒砂的粒间、边部及空隙间,其次以类质同象形式赋存于菱铁矿和菱锌矿中。进一步对扎西康铅锌矿选冶产物中的伴生元素Mn的含量和赋存状态进行研究,研究表明Mn具有较高的综合利用价值,在原生矿石、铅精矿、锌精矿和尾矿中的质量分数分别为4.36%、0.51%、0.95%和5.36%,显示Mn很少一部分进入铅精矿和锌精矿,而绝大部分进入尾矿;Mn在尾矿中仍主要以菱锰矿形式存在,存在形式与原生矿石相比未发生改变,可通过强磁选工艺从铅锌尾矿中综合回收利用Mn。     

Lead isotopic and chalcophile element compositions in the environment near a zinc smelting–secondary zinc recovery facility,Palmerton, Pennsylvania,USA

The environment surrounding Palmerton, Pennsylvania is contaminated with Pb arising from primary Zn smelting and a process involving Zn recovery from electric arc steel furnace dusts. Lead isotope systematics have been used to distinguish primary Zn smelting Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb∼18.4–18.5) from electric arc furnace dust lead (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb∼19.0–19.1). Primary Zn smelting is the dominant source of Pb in O2 horizon soils from undisturbed near-Palmerton locations, which contain up to 3570 ppm Pb and 782 ppm Cd. Soils from undeveloped near-Palmerton locations also exhibit unusually elevated concentrations of other sphalerite-derived chalcophilic elements (Se, Ag, In, Sb, Te, Au, Hg, Tl and Bi); indium concentrations of up to 17.0 ppm are observed therein. Residential soils and dusts from Palmerton contain Pb which is largely explainable via mixing of Pb from primary Zn smelting and electric arc furnace dusts. Approximately 80% of the Pb in airborne particulate matter sampled at Palmerton in 1991 is derived from electric arc furnace dusts, and atmospheric enrichment factors for Cu, Sb, Pb, and Bi are observed which confirm this major source contribution. Residential samples from a control location contain Pb which is less radiogenic than is found in Palmerton, and exhibit no unusual elevation in sphalerite elements. Lead source discrimination in the Palmerton environment via Pb isotopic and elemental constituents approaches result in parallel conclusions.     

钼矿石与钼精矿成分分析标准物质研制

钼矿勘查开发与综合利用评价等工作需对其化学成分进行准确测试,标准物质可为分析测试提供基础标准和技术支撑。我国已有的钼矿石和钼精矿标准物质系列性不足,且余量不多,多数样品已耗尽。本文为满足钼矿资源勘查、开发与贸易的总体需求,研制了3个钼矿石和1个钼精矿成分分析标准物质。根据设计的钼含量的梯度范围和钼矿的矿床成因,在钼矿资源储量最多的河南省采集了1个钼尾矿(Mo含量0.02%)、1个钼矿石(Mo含量0.09%)和1个钼精矿(Mo含量50.0%)。3个钼矿石采用重量法组合制备的方式加工,1个钼精矿为原样粉碎加工,钼精矿在加工制备过程向球磨机内充氩气保护,防止硫化物氧化。按照一级标准物质研制规范,采用13家实验室使用多种准确可靠的方法共同定值,定值元素包括成矿元素(Mo),可综合利用元素(W、S、Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe、Bi),具找矿和矿产评价意义的微量元素(Ag、As、Cd、Mn、P、Pb、Sb)及构成脉石的主成分(SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、CaO、MgO、Na₂O、K₂O)共计26种。3个钼矿石标准物质Mo的含量分别为0.066%、0.15%、0.54%,1个钼精矿标准物质Mo的含量为50.08%,是已有标准物质的良好补充和完善。标准物质经均匀性和稳定性统计检验具有良好的均匀性和稳定性;标准值计算方法正确,不确定度评定合理,经国家质量监督检验检疫总局批准为国家一级标准物质(编号为GBW 07141~GBW 07144),可用于钼矿的勘查、开发、选冶及贸易中化学成分测试的量值标准与分析质量监控。     

Isotopes and Geochronology of the Meixian-type Pb-Zn-(Ag)Deposits,Central Fujian Rift,South China:Implications for Geological Events

Central Fujian Rift is another new and important volcanogenic massive sulfide Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenetic belt. In order to find out the material genesis and mineralization period of Meixian-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, S and Pb isotope analysis and isotope geochronology of ores and wall rocks for five major deposits are discussed. It is concluded that the composition of sulfur isotope from sulfide ore vary slightly in different deposits and the mean value is close to zero with the 834S ranging from -3.5‰ to ＋5.6‰ averaging at ＋2.0‰, which indicates that the sulfur might originate from magma or possibly erupted directly from volcano or was leached from ore-hosted volcanic rock. The lead from ores in most deposits displays radioactive genesis character （206pb/204pb〉18.140, 207Pb/204pb〉15.584, 208pb/204pb〉38.569） and lead isotope values of ores are higher than those of wall rocks, which indicates that the lead was likely leached from the ore-hosted volcanic rocks. Based on isotope data, two significant Pb-Zn metallogenesis are delineated, which are Mid- and Late-Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative metailogenesis （The single zircon U-Pb, Sm-Nd isochronal and Ar-Ar dating ages of ore- hosted wall rocks are calculated to be among 933-1788 Ma.） and Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal superimposed and alternated metallogenesis （intrusive SHRIMP zircon U-Pb and Rb-Sr isochronal ages between 127-154 Ma）.