塔克拉玛干沙漠综合科学考察简介

1987年6月,李鹏、胡启立、宋健等中央领导同志在新疆视察工作期间,提出了利用石油勘探条件,开展塔克拉玛干沙漠综合科学考察的初步设想。7月13日,宋健同志主持召开了有国家科委、石油部、中国科学院、地矿部、国家计委、国土局等部门领导同志参加的会议,商讨组织塔克拉玛干沙漠综合考察的有关问题,会上确定了考察的三项主要任务,组成了科学考察领导小组和办公室,并委托中国科学院进行考察队的组     

“南沙群岛珊瑚礁工程地质特征与评价”通过院级鉴定

“南沙群岛珊瑚礁工程地质特征与评价”通过院级鉴定由武汉岩土所承担的国家“八五”专项“南沙群岛综合科学考察”中的“南沙群岛珊瑚礁工程地质特征与评价”专题（编号８５－９２７－０１－０５）分别于１９９６年１月和３月通过了中国科学院组织的验收和鉴定。这一成果...     

综合物探化探计算机工作会议在成都召开

综合物探化探(不含石油物探)第三次计算机应用工作会议于1987年11月24日至27日在成都召开。这是继1980年第二次计算机应用工作会议以来的一次比较重要的会议。出席会议的有各省、自治区、直辖市地矿局,物化探队,各地质院校,地质仪器厂,DUAL—68000机用户协会各成员单位,总共61个单位91位代表。四川省地矿局封兴福副局长参加了开幕式和闭幕式,并在开幕式上讲了话。物探局副总工程师曾繁超同志代表     

喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山地区综告科学考察研究的新进展

“喀喇昆仑山—昆仑山地区综合科学考察”重大项目组于1987、1988年先后对喀喇昆仑山,西—中昆仑山,包括藏北无人区、乔戈里峰地区、昆仑山腹地阿什库勒及库木库勒盆地等开展了全面的综合考察。1989、1990年结合所承担的中法合作考察和中巴联合考察对新藏公路及中巴公路沿线进行深入研究和补点考察。1990年部分成员参加可可西里科考队完成了中昆仑山南翼地区的野外调查工作。     

我国工程地质界杰出的先驱者、著名地质学家姜达权的学术经历和成就

姜达权同志于1987年7月15日逝世,终年69岁,这是我国工程地质事业的重大损失。 姜达权1918年生于江西南昌。中共党员。1943年毕业于原中央大学(现南京大学)地质系。四十多年来,姜达权始终专心致力于我国工程地质事业,     

铀矿资源遥感工作动态——第一届铀矿资源遥感学术研讨会在京召开

中国核学会铀矿地质学会铀矿资源遥感学术研讨会于1987年3月20—26日在北京召开。参加会议的代表共50人,大会宣读学术论文19篇。中国核学会、铀矿地质学会、核工业部地质局、北京铀矿地质研究所等单位的领导同志出席了会议,刘兴忠、曾卓荣同志代表     

考察美、加金矿的几点认识

根据发展黄金事业的需要,全国金矿地质工作领导小组派出金矿地质考察团一行8人,于1987年9月26日至10月29日赴美国、加拿大进行了金矿地质考察。先后考察了12个金银矿床,参观访问了四所大学地质系和两个研究中心,四个矿业公司。现仅就有关金矿地质方面的几点认识介绍如下:     

联合国自然资源委员会第十届会议在联合国总部召开

联合国自然资源委员会第十届会议于1987年4月6～15日在纽约联合国总部召开。出席本届会议的有45个成员国(共有54个成员国)的代表85人。另有8个国家派.观察员列席了会议.联合国系统有关组织的代表也出席了会议。中国代表团团长是常驻联合国代表团的公使衔参赞方晓同志,团员是水电部和地矿部的3名同志。     

第一届全国环太平洋成矿带学术讨论会在长春召开

由中国地质学会矿床地质专业委员会、区域地质及区域成矿专业委员会、吉林省地质学会等单位发起,吉林省地质学会主办的第一届全国环太平洋成矿带学术讨论会于1987年7月16日至20日在长春召开。7月21日至2日与会代表赴长白山进行了新生代火山岩及火山地貌景观考察。     

船采砂金找矿勘探问题

本文是作者1987年5月25日在中国核学会铀金开发技术讨论会上的发言稿,供广大从事砂金地质工作的同志参考。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.