鄱阳湖流域饶河鱼类稳定同位素比值和营养级的空间变化

由于水文特征的变化和栖息生境的异质性,河流食物网结构存在着一定的空间变化.认识人类活动对河流食物网结构空间变化的影响能够为河流生态系统的科学管理提供有效指导.利用稳定同位素分析技术,测定枯水季节饶河不同地区初级生产者和鱼类的碳、氮稳定同位素比值(δ13C和δ15N),比较饶河下游鄱阳和中游海口河段4种常见鱼类的δ13C、δ15N值和营养级,并分析导致不同河段食物网结构差异的原因.结果表明,鄱阳与海口两个地区鱼类的δ13C值无显著差异,但δ15N值差异显著.鱼类的δ13C值变化范围在鄱阳河段大于海口河段,鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)和贝氏(Hemiculter bleekeri)在鄱阳河段的δ15N值要显著高于海口河段,而黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)和鲫(Carassius auratus)的δ15N值在鄱阳河段却表现更低.另一方面,除黄颡鱼外,鳜、贝氏和鲫在鄱阳河段的营养级均显著高于其在海口河段的营养级.研究认为,由于颗粒有机物和附着藻类的δ13C值在鄱阳与海口河段没有显著差异,因而导致鱼类的δ13C值也没有明显变化.不同生境下初级食物源δ15N值的差异及人为扰动的程度可能是影响饶河不同河段鱼类的δ15N值存在明显差异的主要原因.     

食微囊藻干粉鱼类对水环境的影响及氮素迁移转化规律

利用稳定同位素示踪技术研究鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)摄食微囊藻(Microcystis)干粉后排泄氮在水中的迁移转化规律,同时对营养盐浓度、浮游生物群落结构等进行测定.营养盐数据分析结果显示:罗非鱼组水体营养盐浓度后期急剧升高,而鲢鱼组营养盐浓度变化较小,后期部分浓度低于对照组.营养盐浓度变化主要是鱼类排泄和牧食等活动综合作用的结果.鲢鱼组、罗非鱼组悬浮颗粒物浓度、叶绿素a浓度和细胞密度总体高于对照组,罗非鱼组悬浮颗粒物浓度、叶绿素a浓度和细胞密度中期显著高于鲢鱼组和对照组.浮游生物统计数据显示,鲢鱼组、罗非鱼组藻类总生物量显著增加,各自最大总生物量分别为对照组的4.5、7.4倍,且主要贡献藻类为蓝藻和绿藻.浮游动物密度随鱼类滤食显著降低,罗非鱼组浮游动物密度末期趋近零.同位素分析结果显示,15N稳定同位素在鲢、罗非鱼中的迁移转化过程稍有差异,各物质δ15N比值第1 d均显著高于对照组,δ15N(NH+4)、δ15N(浮游藻类)和δ15N(浮游动物)达到最大值,但鲢鱼组和罗非鱼组δ15N(沉积腐质)和δ15N(螺)值分别于第5 d和10 d达到最大.另外,鲢鱼、罗非鱼对微囊藻干粉吸收效率差别较大,鱼背部肌肉最大δ15N值分别为36.22‰、151.53‰,总体相差4.2倍.通过同位素示踪技术,得出干粉微囊藻经鱼摄食后,排泄物氮直接参与水体营养盐循环,为藻类增殖做出直接贡献的结论.     

古骨可溶性胶原蛋白的提取及其重建古食谱的可行性分析

当前在古食谱研究中,胶原蛋白(不可溶性)的提取,主要采用明胶化法.然而,胶原蛋白的直接降解产物——可溶性胶原蛋白,常常予以忽视并摒弃.本文通过凝胶层析,分管提取了古骨的酸提取液,从中分辨出三个峰,对各峰提取物的C和N含量,C/N摩尔比值及稳定同位素比值进行分析,并与对应的不可溶胶原蛋白(ISC)进行了比较,以探讨可溶性胶原蛋白(SC)在古食谱研究中的可行性.三个峰中,第二峰(保留时间在17.5~27.5 min)峰形最为平缓,表明其所含蛋白质的分子量不一致;其各管提取物,在C和N含量,C/N摩尔比值上与ISC最为接近.基于以上发现,可以看出,第二峰提取物即为SC.更为重要的是,两种蛋白的δ13C值和δ15N值均相近.具体而言,C/N摩尔比值落于正常范围的SC,与对应的ISC相比,δ13C差异的平均值仅为(0.3±0.2)‰(N=2),δ15N值大约相差(0.6±0.1)‰(N=2);而C/N摩尔比值稍高于正常范围的SC,与对应的ISC相比,δ13C差的平均值也仅为(0.4±0.1)‰(N=2),δ15N值也约相差(0.3±0)‰(N=2).这些差异,远低于δ13C和δ15N值在食物链营养级之间的差异(δ13C约为1‰~1.5‰,δ15N值约为3‰~5‰),表明SC与ISC具有相似的性质,其C和N稳定同位素分析,在古食谱研究中极具应用价值.     

三峡水库与长寿湖水库鱼类碳、氮稳定同位素特征及营养级的比较

为探究人为活动对水库鱼类食物来源和营养级关系的影响,选择人为影响程度较低的三峡水库和影响程度较高的长寿湖水库为研究对象,应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术对两个水库鱼类δ¹³C值、δ¹⁵N值和营养级进行比较分析.结果显示：长寿湖水库鱼类δ¹³C平均值（-22.66‰±1.94‰）与三峡水库（-22.59‰±1.87‰）较为接近,但长寿湖鱼类的δ¹⁵N值（13.95‰ ±3.02‰）显著高于三峡水库鱼类的δ¹⁵N值（11.98‰ ±2.25‰）.根据δ¹⁵N值计算不同食性鱼类间的营养级,三峡水库营养级为肉食性鱼类 > 杂食性鱼类 > 浮游生物食性鱼类 > 草食性鱼类;而长寿湖中则表现为浮游生物食性鱼类 > 肉食性鱼类 > 杂食性鱼类 > 草食性鱼类,营养级出现了异常现象.这一结果表明,对于人为影响（如人工喂食鱼饲料等）较大的水体,采用δ¹⁵N值计算不同食性鱼类间的营养级存在不确定性.     

洱海悬浮颗粒物和表层沉积物有机碳氮同位素来源特征及水质指示意义

为探究湖泊水体悬浮颗粒物和沉积物有机碳、氮来源及水质指示意义,分析了2013-2014年洱海悬浮颗粒物和表层沉积物有机碳同位素(δ13C)、氮同位素(δ15N)和C/N比值时空变化特征及与水质的关系.结果 表明:①洱海悬浮颗粒物δ13C、C/N、δ15N在旱、雨季差异显著(P＜0.05),旱季变化范围分别为-31.75...     

Cascadia边缘与天然气水合物共生沉积物中有机质碳、氮同位素组成及意义

Hydrate Ridge南高点ODP204航次5个站位54个沉积物样品中有机碳C, N同位素组成及C/N比值表明沉积物中的有机质主要来自海洋. 对1245B孔的系统分析表明天然气水合物的发育改变了沉积物中有机碳和氮同位素的成岩演化轨迹, 水合物发育处δ¹⁵N值和C/N比值同时变低, 且δ¹³C值相对较重; 在水合物稳定带内δ¹⁵N值的亏损将近2‰. 水合物发育处沉积物中氮含量的增加和δ¹⁵N值的亏损, 推断可能与天然气水合物发育处沉积物中细菌(包括古细菌)的固氮作用有关. 沉积物中有机质中碳、氮同位素的分布与沉积环境的变化同步响应, 同时亦反映流体活动的变化.     

碳氮稳定同位素示踪鄱阳湖流域蚌湖丰水期的氮污染

鄱阳湖边缘深水区是鄱阳湖水位上涨时扩散而成的低洼湖区,通过对其一典型边缘湖泊——蚌湖丰水期的氮浓度和同位素特征值的检测,分析这类洪泛湖泊在水位最高时期水体颗粒有机质及无机氮的氮同位素变化特征,并识别氮污染来源及转化途径.结果表明:6月悬浮颗粒有机质碳氮同位素值(δ~(13)C:-26.7‰~-23.7‰,δ~(15)N:2.6‰~6.2‰)介于土壤有机质(δ~(13)C:-25.21‰±0.52‰,δ~(15)N:3.79‰±0.37‰)和水生植物的碳氮同位素值(δ~(13)C:-28.8‰~-24.9‰,δ~(15)N:5.3‰~8.2‰)之间.7月相比于6月,降低的δ~(13)C(-27.6‰~-23.2‰)和升高的δ~(15)N(4.3‰~7.7‰)表明暴雨冲刷带来更多的周边陆地碎屑输入.无机氮在6月以铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)为主要形态,7月以硝态氮(NO_3~--N)为主要形态.6月δ~(15)NH_4~+较负的特征值(-18.6‰±5.2‰)表明铵态氮主要来源于雨水,硝态氮(δ~(15)NO_3~-:1.4‰±3.0‰)主要来源于农业化肥和雨水.7月相比于6月,铵态氮和硝态氮的浓度和同位素值都大幅升高(分别升高了0.3和2倍,6‰和3‰),是暴雨冲刷陆地使农业化肥、城镇生活废水和畜禽养殖废水输入的结果.水生植物的δ~(15)N在7月(8.8‰±1.1‰)相比于6月(6.6‰±1.1‰)也升高了较多,是由于水生植物吸收了更高δ~(15)N废水无机氮的结果.通过颗粒有机质和无机氮的δ~(15)N分析可知,湖区水体氮的矿化作用和硝化作用较强,藻类对湖泊的内源氮贡献较弱,沿河湖的畜禽养殖在暴雨时对水域污染的威胁较大.本研究提供了洪泛湖泊氮污染治理的科学依据.     

鄱阳湖候鸟栖息地湖泊悬浮有机质的碳氮分布及来源分析——以大湖池和沙湖为例

以江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区的2个湖泊——大湖池和沙湖为研究对象,分析不同季节和水位悬浮有机质的碳氮稳定同位素（δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N）及碳氮比值（C/N）的变化特征,甄别悬浮有机质的来源.结果表明：在不同水位条件下,悬浮有机质的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均存在差异显著性.沙湖5月水位上涨时,悬浮有机质δ¹³C最正,均值为-26.4‰±0.9‰,10月退水后,δ¹³C最负,均值为-31.2‰±1.1‰.悬浮有机质δ¹⁵N值在5月和8月较低（范围为3.5‰~5.5‰）,10月也相对较低,均值为6.1‰±0.6‰,而12月相对较高（7.3‰~10.8‰）.悬浮有机质C/N值在10月最低,均值为6.5±0.6,小于7,与其他各月的C/N有显著差异,而其他各月C/N在7.8~8.7之间,不存在显著差异.大湖池悬浮有机质δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N各月的变化趋势与沙湖类似,并且两个湖泊在相同月份的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N或C/N均不存在显著差异,但大湖池的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N比沙湖的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均值略偏正0.1‰~0.5‰,C/N比沙湖的C/N略偏低0~0.4.有机δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N结合C/N示踪表明,大湖池和沙湖的悬浮有机质在5月水位上涨和8月丰水期主要来源于河流运输的土壤有机质,表层沉积物对5月悬浮有机质也有一定贡献（16%）,水生浮叶植物对8月悬浮有机质有一定贡献（25%）;10月秋季退水后悬浮有机质主要来源于藻类（77%）,表层沉积物有一定贡献（23%）;12、3和4月冬、春季枯水期悬浮有机质主要来源于表层沉积物,候鸟粪便对12月悬浮有机质有较大贡献（40%）,湿地植物碎屑对3和4月有较大贡献（47%和51%）.     

利用C，N稳定同位素分析法鉴别家猪与野猪的初步尝试

采用动物考古学和分子生物学的研究方法探索家猪的起源已取得丰硕的成果,但如何科学鉴别驯化初期的家猪,至目前为止一直缺乏有效的研究思路和方法．与野猪的食物主要源自自然环境相比,家猪的食物则更容易受人类饲喂活动的影响,故此,理论上,探索猪群间的食物结构差异,了解人类的饲喂活动对猪食物的影响,可望科学地辨别家猪与野猪．对山东后李文化时期（约8500～7500年前）小荆山遗址的人骨以及月庄遗址的动物骨进行了C,N稳定同位素分析,探索猪群食谱差异,并通过与先民以及其他动物的同位素数值比较,尝试科学地鉴别家猪与野猪．先民的δ^13 C（平均值-17．8‰±0．3‰和δ^15 N（平均值9．0‰±0．6‰）表明,先民虽已开始从事粟作农业,但粟作农业在人类的生活方式中尚不占主导地位（因为粟类植物是一种典型的C4植物）,先民还主要以采集、狩猎或驯养家畜为生．牛的δ^13 C值（-16．1‰）和δ^15 N值（6．9‰）,表明其食物主要以C3类植物为主,兼具少许C4类植物．与牛相比,鱼的δ^13 C值（-24．9‰）更低而和δ^15 N值（8．8‰）更高,显示出欧亚大陆淡水鱼的同位素特征．依据δ^13 C值和δ^15 N值的不同,猪可分为3组：A组,由两头猪组成,具有低的δ^13 C值（-18．1‰,-20．0‰）和δ^15 N值（4．7‰,6．0‰）;B组,仅有一头猪,具有最高的δ^13 C值（-10．6‰）和居中的δ^15 N值（6．4‰）;C组,仅有一头猪,其δ^13 C值（-19．0‰）较小而δ^15 N值（9．1‰）最高．现代或古代野猪骨的C,N稳定同位素分析研究已经表明,野猪主要以C3类植物为主,其δ^15 N值更接近于食草类动物而远离食肉类动物．通过与小荆山遗址先民、野猪及河南西坡遗址（仰韶文化,6000—5500年前）和康家遗址（龙山文化,4500～4000年前）家猪同?     

δ13C和δ15N指示不同生态类型湖泊无机氮及有机质来源

为了探讨不同生态类型湖泊(天然湖泊、城市湖泊)中无机氮和有机质来源,分别采集湖泊中水体、表层沉积物、水生植物、底栖动物进行碳、氮同位素特征分析.结果表明:蚌湖水体δ15N-NH4均值为-1.8‰±1.0‰,δ15N-NO3-均值为-0.5‰±1.7‰,说明蚌湖水体氮表现为雨水和农业肥料氮污染;象湖δ15 N-NH4+均值为6.8‰±8.6‰,其中养殖废水和管道排污口δ15N-NH4+值分别为13.5‰和25.4‰,表现出污水氮同位素特征,象湖δ15 N-NO3-均值为-2.9‰±4.2‰,是氨的硝化作用引起的氮同位素分馏所致.蚌湖表层沉积物、水生植物δ15N差别不大,分别为6.6‰±0.3‰、7.1‰±0.7‰,水生植物δ13C均值为-27.5‰±0.3‰,比沉积物δ13C偏负3‰.有机C/N为9.4±0.5,比沉积物C/N明显偏高6,反映水生植物是蚌湖有机质的主要来源.象湖表层沉积物δ15N、δ13C及有机C/N分布范围大,δ15N在3.6‰～8.3‰之间,均值为5.9‰±1.6‰,δ13C在-27.1‰～-24.7‰之间,均值为-26.0‰±1.0‰,有机C/N在2.6 ～10.8之间,均值为6.2±2.7,表明城市湖泊沉积有机质来源复杂.2个湖泊蚌类δ15N组成与各自湖泊表层沉积物δ15N组成相对应.     

Stratigraphy and otolith microchemistry of the naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler) and their indication for water level of Lake Qinghai during the Ming Dynasty of China

Otoliths are biogenic carbonate minerals in the inner ear of teleost fish, whose compositions can record the physical and chemical conditions of the ambient water environment inhabited by individual fish. In this research, the fishbones and otoliths of naked carp sampled near the Bird Island, offshore Lake Qinghai, were dated and analyzed for mineralogy and microchemical compositions. Comparing the microchemical compositions of ancient otoliths with those of modern otoliths, we conclude that the ancient naked carps inhabited a relict lake formed when the lake shrank from a high lake level, by combining with the AMS-14 C ages of fishbones and otoliths, the stratigraphy and surrounding topography of the sample site. AMS-14 C dating results of ancient fishbones and otoliths show that these naked carps lived from 680 to 300 years ago, i.e. during the Ming Dynasty of China. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns demonstrate that the ancient lapillus is composed of pure aragonite, identical to modern one, indicating that the mineral of lapillus didn't change after a long time burial and that the ancient lapillus is suitable for comparative analysis thereafter. Microchemical results show that both ratios of Mg/Ca((70.12±18.50)×10?5) and ? 18O((1.76±1.03)‰) of ancient lapilli are significantly higher than those of modern lapilli(average Mg/Ca=(3.11±0.41)× 10?5 and ? 18O=(?4.82±0.96)‰). This reflects that the relict water body in which the ancient naked carp lived during the Ming Dynasty was characterized by higher Mg/Ca and ? 18 O ratios than modern Lake Qinghai, resulting from strong evaporation after being isolated from the main lake, similar to today's Lake Gahai. Based upon the stratigraphy and altitude of naked carp remains, it can be inferred that the altitude of lake level of Lake Qinghai reached at least 3202 m with a lake area of 4480 km2 during the Ming Dynasty, approximately ~5% larger than it is today.     

腾冲火山岩同位素地球化学研究

研究了腾冲火山岩的Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素地球化学特征;该区火山岩具高的＾２０６Ｐｂ／＾２０４ｐｂ、＾２０７ｐｂ／＾２０４ｐｂ、＾２０８ｐｂ／＾２０４ｐｂ、＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８７Ｓｒ和低的＾１４３Ｎｄ／＾１４４Ｎｄ值,所反映的岩浆源区为ＥＭⅡ。模拟计算表明：地幔源中下地壳组分（含少量大洋沉积物）占２０％,地幔源相当于榴辉岩组成。     

Dynamics of algae growth and nutrients in experimental enclosures culturing bighead carp and common carp:Phosphorus dynamics

This is the third paper of the series about “Dynamics of algae growth and nutrients in experimental enclosures culturing bighead carp and common carp”. In this paper, phosphorus dynamics were inves-tigated under the condition of culturing bighead carp and common carp with added fish food (nitrogen dynamics is discussed in the second paper because their behaviors are so different from each other). Nearly fifty days’ observation results indicated that the reservoir water was typical of “phosphorus limited” water, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was the main constituent of measured total phosphorus (TP). The presence of fish food resulted in significantly higher SRP, dissolved total phos-phorus (DTP) and TP concentrations in contrast with the reservoir water. Moreover, continuous supply of fish food led to the decline of total nitrogen to total phosphorus (TN:TP) from more than 100 to less than 5. Variations in the ratio of TN to TP favored the growth of blue-green algae. Fish species affected phosphorus concentrations, and culturing bait-eating common carp contributed more to reducing the SRP, DTP and TP concentrations than culturing planktivorous bighead carp. 0.5%, 4.1%and 3.1%TP can be removed in enclosures with culturing bighead carp, common carp and mixed bighead carp and common carp, respectively. Abundant phosphorus in the fish culturing activities may be present as the uneaten food, algae cells, and within the water column and sediment, which should be taken into serious con-sideration for the target of future water eutrophication prevention and safety of the drinking water supply.     

Multiple sulfur and oxygen isotope compositions in Beijing aerosol

Multiple sulfur isotopes(32S, 33 S, 34 S, 36S) and oxygen isotopes(16O, 18O) in Beijing aerosols were measured with MAT-253 isotope mass spectrometer. The δ34S values of Beijing aerosol samples range from 1.68‰ to 12.57‰ with an average value of 5.86‰, indicating that the major sulfur source is from direct emission during coal combustion. The δ18O values vary from 5.29‰ to 9.02‰ with an average value of 5.17‰, revealing that the sulfate in Beijing aerosols is mainly composed of the secondary sulfate. The main heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 in atmosphere is related to H2O2 in July and August, whereas H2O2 oxidation and Fe3+ catalytic oxidation with SO2 exist simultaneously in September and October. Remarkable sulfur isotope mass-independent fractionation effect is found in Beijing aerosols, which is commonly attributed to the photochemical oxidation of SO2 in the stratosphere. In addition, thermochemical reactions of sulfur-bearing compounds might be also a source of sulfur isotope anomalies based on the correlation between ?33S and CAPE.     

The δ13C–δ18O variations in marble in the Hida Belt,Japan

Marble has a great potential to understand a history of various geological events occurring during tectonic processes. In order to decode metamorphic–metasomatic records on C–O isotope compositions of marble at mid-crustal conditions, we conducted a C–O–Sr isotope study on upper amphibolite-facies marbles and a carbonate–silicate rock from the Hida Belt, which was once a part of the crustal basement of the East Asian continental margin. Carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of calcite from marbles (Kamioka area) and a carbonate–silicate rock (Wadagawa area) show a large variation of δ¹³C [VPDB] and δ¹⁸O [VSMOW] values (from −4.4 to +4.2 ‰ and +1.6 to +20.8 ‰, respectively). The low δ¹³C values of calcites from the carbonate–silicate rock (from −4.4 to −2.9 ‰) can be explained by decarbonation (CO₂ releasing) reactions; carbon–oxygen isotope modeling suggests that a decrease of δ¹³C strongly depends on the amount of silicate reacting with carbonates. The occurrence of metamorphic clinopyroxene in marbles indicates that all samples have been affected by decarbonation reactions. All δ¹⁸O values of calcites are remarkably lower than the marine-carbonate values. The large δ¹⁸O variation can be explained by the isotope exchange via interactions between marble, external fluids, and/or silicates. Remarkably low δ¹⁸O values of marbles that are lower than mantle value (~+5 ‰) suggest the interaction with meteoric water at a later stage. Sr isotope ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.707255–0.708220) might be close to their protolith values. One zircon associated with wollastonite in a marble thin-section yields a U–Pb age of 222 ± 3 Ma, which represents the timing of the recrystallization of marble, triggered by H₂O-rich fluid infiltration at a relatively high-temperature condition. Our isotope study implies that the upper amphibolite-facies condition, like the Hida Belt, might be appropriate to cause decarbonation reactions which can modify original isotope compositions of marble if carbonates react with silicates.     

Nd and Sr isotopic variations in Chinese eolian deposits during the past 8 Ma: Implications for provenance change

A record of changes in Nd and Sr isotopic composition of the eolian deposits from the central Loess Plateau has been determined for the past 8 Ma. The isotopic records of the silicate fraction of the Quaternary and Tertiary eolian deposits allow interpreting the interplay between the Sr isotopic variations in the eolian deposits and the late Cenozoic tectonic and climatic changes. The results indicate that the temporal variations of Nd and Sr isotopes show remarkable changes around the beginning of the Quaternary. The lower values of the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and the decreasing trend of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios after 2.58 Ma ago are attributed to the additions of relatively younger crust materials in response to the climatic cooling and the late Cenozoic uplift induced glacial grinding in the high orogenic belts in central Asia. In this context, the substantial changes in climate and tectonics have modified dust sources significantly, and the Quaternary loess forming processes are preferentially sampling relatively younger and high relief crust materials than that of the Tertiary Red Clay.     

Stable isotope fractionation of fatty acids of Daphnia fed laboratory cultures of microalgae

We tested a comparatively new method of tracing of natural food webs, compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acids (FA), using laboratory culture of Daphnia galeata fed Chlorella vulgaris and Cryptomonas sp. In general, Daphnia had significantly lighter carbon stable isotope composition of most fatty acids, including essential, than those of their food, microalgae. Thus, our results did not support the pivotal premise of the FA-CSIA application for food web analysis, i.e., transmitting the isotope ‘signal’ of essential FAs to consumers from their food without any modification. Moreover, the values of isotope fractionation of particular FAs in the consumer relative to its food were not constant, but varied from 1.35‰ to 7.04‰. The different isotope fractionation (depletion) values of diverse FAs in consumer were probably caused by different processes of their synthesis, catabolism and assimilation. More work is evidently to be done for correct interpretation of results of FA-CSIA during field studies for tracing of natural food webs.     

鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源分析

通过对鱼苗时期鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物、饵料及鱼粪等样品总有机碳(TOC)含量、总氮(TN)含量、碳氮比(C/N)、δ^13 C及δ^15 N的测定,分析探讨了鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源,量化了网箱养殖废物对养殖区沉积物有机质的贡献.结果表明,网箱养殖区沉积物的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-27.67‰~-25.65‰和5.19‰~7.27‰,饵料的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-24.73‰和10.28‰,鱼粪的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-26.30‰和15.54‰.网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源主要有残饵、浮游生物及其他来源,其贡献率分别为48.3%±11.4%、25.6%±11.3%及26.0%±5.8%,而鱼粪的贡献几乎可以忽略不计.在水动力平流引起的扩散及沉积物的再悬浮的影响下,网箱养殖源有机质的扩散距离达1500 m.在鱼苗时期,鱼类网箱养殖的残饵是鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质的主要来源.     

Re-Os and Nd isotopes of black shales at the bottom of the Lower Cambrian from the northern Tarim Platform and their comparison with those from the Yangtze Platform

This paper reports Re-Os and Nd isotopes of black shales at the bottom of Lower Cambrian from the northern Tarim Basin and traces source materials of the black shales through isotopes. The average Re/Os, 187Re/188Os, and 187Os/188Os ratios of the black shales at the bottom of Lower Cambrian from the Tarim Basin are 7.18, 5.6438, and 1.9616, respectively. These isotopic ratios suggest the crustal sources of the black shales. The εNd(0) value is -13.17, the εNd(540 Ma) value is -7.32 and the Nd model ages are 1.535 Ga. These parameters in the black shales are quite consistent with those from the basement rocks. Based on the Re-Os and Nd isotopic characteristics of the black shales, we conclude that the continental crust mainly composed of basement rocks is the source material of the black shales. Through comparison of these isotopic parameters with those from the Yangtze Platform, it is clear that the Re-Os isotopic characteristics in the black shales from the Tarim and Yangtze platforms are quite different, which maybe indicates the differences in depositional settings between two platforms. These Re-Os isotopic data provide us with constraints to analyze the genetic relation between the two platforms.