南岭西段加里东期苗儿山岩体锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

苗儿山岩体位于南岭西段,主体为加里东期花岗岩,少量印支期和早燕山期花岗岩。加里东期花岗岩具块状构造,由早期黑云母花岗闪长岩、中期斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和晚期细粒黑(二)云母二长花岗岩组成,以斑状黑云母二长花岗岩为主。对中期斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和晚期细粒二云母二长花岗岩各进行了1个样品的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测试,分别得到428.5±3.8 Ma、409±4 Ma的年龄值,反映出早志留世末、志留纪末-泥盆纪初2期岩浆事件。中期主体花岗岩具有富硅(SiO2=70.09%~76.59%)、中铝(Al2O3=12.71%~14.72%)、高钾(K2O=4.48%~5.73%)、中碱(Na2O+K2O=7.24%~7.91%)、高ASI(平均1.15)的特点,总体属高钾钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩类。主体花岗岩微量元素中Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti表现为明显亏损,Rb、(Th+U+K)、(La+Ce)、Nd、(Zr+Hf+Sm)、(Y+Yb+Lu)等则相对富集,稀土总量中等(179.8×10-6~270.6×10-6),轻稀土富集[(La/Yb)N=5.07~14.33],具明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.15~0.46)。岩体具有较高的ISr值(0.70660~0.72082)和较低的εNd(t)值(-8.29~-7.94),两阶段Nd模式年龄(t2DM)为1.81~1.84 Ga。C/MF-A/MF图解显示源岩为变质泥质岩和碎屑岩。上述地球化学特征表明花岗岩为S型花岗岩,源岩主要为中、上地壳岩石。花岗岩氧化物和微量元素构造环境判别图解指示岩体形成于后碰撞构造环境。基于岩石成因、构造环境判别以及区域构造演化过程,推断加里东期苗儿山花岗岩的具体形成机制为:在陆内强挤压之后挤压应力相对松弛、压力降低的后碰撞构造环境下,因地壳增厚而升温的中、上地壳岩石减压熔融并向上侵位。结合区域资料分析,苗儿山地区在奥陶纪末-志留纪初北流运动和志留纪后期的广西运动中均产生过强烈的陆内挤压和地壳增厚。     

湘西南苗儿山地区早燕山期花岗岩地球化学特征及形成环境

湘西南苗儿山地区早燕山期花岗岩形成于晚侏罗世早期,侵入于加里东期花岗岩(构成苗儿山岩体主体)和印支期花岗岩中。主要岩石类型为细粒—中粗粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,局部发育细粒二云母二长花岗岩。岩石SiO_2为76.02%~80.26%、Al_2O_3为10.94%~12.88%、K2O为3.42%~5.34%、Na_2O+K_2O为5.37%~8.22%、ASI为1.04~1.31(平均1.14),总体属铁质、钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩类。微量元素中Ba、Sr、P、Ti表现为强烈亏损,Rb、(Th+U+K)、(La+Ce)、Nd、(Zr+Hf+Sm)、(Y+Yb+Lu)等相对富集。稀土总量较低(122.9~175.4μg/g),轻稀土略富集((La/Yb)N=2.55~3.79),具明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.07~0.22)。岩体ISr值为0.99007和1.15860,εNd(t)值为-9.20和-8.80,两阶段Nd模式年龄(t2DM)为~1.7Ga。C/MF-A/MF图解显示源岩主要为变质泥质岩和变质杂砂岩。强过铝花岗岩样品的Al_2O_3/TiO_2比值部分100。上述地球化学特征表明花岗岩为S型花岗岩,源岩主要为中、上地壳酸性岩石,并有少量地幔物质加入。花岗岩主量和微量元素构造环境判别图解以及区域构造演化过程表明花岗岩形成于后造山构造环境,岩浆形成与先期(中侏罗世)陆壳增厚升温及软流圈地幔的热传递有关。     

湘中印支期关帝庙岩体地球化学特征及成因

关帝庙岩体位于湘中盆地,据年龄资料可分为中三叠世末和晚三叠世中期两个形成时期。中三叠世花岗岩中发育闪长质暗色微粒包体,自早至晚依次为细中粒角闪石黑云母花岗闪长岩、细中粒斑状角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩、细-细中粒(斑状)黑云母二长花岗岩。晚三叠世花岗岩自早至晚依次为细中粒-粗中粒斑状二云母二长花岗岩、细粒二云母二长花岗岩。岩石高硅、富铝、高钾,(Na2O+K2O)含量为6.80%~8.87%,平均7.74%;K2O/Na2O比值在1.35~2.66之间,平均为1.58;ASI值为0.99~1.40。总体属镁质、高钾钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩类。中三叠世花岗岩Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti表现为明显亏损,Rb、(Th+U+K)、(La+Ce)、Nd、(Zr+Hf+Sm)、(Y+Yb+Lu)等则相对富集。中、晚三叠世花岗岩ΣREE含量为121.60~197.56μg/g,平均为158.70μg/g;δEu值0.28~0.68,平均为0.53;(La/Yb)N值为5.94~17.53,平均13.80。中三叠世花岗岩ISr值为0.71302~0.71758,εSr(t)值为121~186,εNd(t)值为-9.95~-8.74,t2DM为1.72~1.82Ga。C/MF-A/MF图解显示源岩主要为碎屑岩、少量基性岩和泥质岩。地质地球化学特征表明,印支期关帝庙花岗岩属S型花岗岩,形成于碰撞-后碰撞构造环境。     

对某铀矿田控矿构造及成矿富集条件的初步分析

前言矿田位于一个东西复杂构造带某岩体东段。岩体呈东西展布,为多次侵入活动的产物。根据穿插关系和同位素资料,除少量加里东和海西期花岗岩外,由老到新可以划出:中粗粒斑状黑云母花岗岩[γ_5~(2-1)],小斑状二云母花岗岩[γ_5~(2-2)],中粒黑云母花岗岩[γ_5~(2-3)],中细粒二云母花岗岩[γ_5~(3-1)],其平均同位素年龄依次为168、159、153和142百万     

湘南印支期塔山岩体地球化学特征及形成构造背景

塔山岩体位于华南造山带北缘,形成于晚三叠世。自早至晚由粗中-中粒斑状二云母二长花岗岩、中细粒-细粒斑状二云母二长花岗岩、细粒二云母二长花岗岩组成,具块状构造。岩石具有高硅(SiO2=71.57%~75.01%)、富铝(Al2O3=13.92%~15.51%)、中钾(K2O=3.51%~5.20%)、中碱(Na2O+K2O=6.89%~8.62%)、高ASI(1.12~1.52)的特征,总体属铁质、高钾钙碱性系列强过铝质花岗岩类。微量元素中Ba、Nb、Sr、Ti表现为明显亏损,Rb、(Th+U+K+Ta)、(La+Ce)、Nd、(Zr+Hf+Sm)、(Y+Yb+Lu)等则相对富集。稀土总量较低(17.9~184.0μg/g),轻稀土富集((La/Yb)N=2.52~17.89),具明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.17~0.37)。岩体具有较高的ISr值(0.73271和0.72739)和较低的εNd(t)值(-11.05和-10.82),两阶段Nd模式年龄(t2DM)为1.87 Ga和1.89 Ga。C/MF-A/MF图解显示源岩主要为泥质岩石,部分为长英质岩石。强过铝花岗岩样品的Al2O3/Ti O2比值大部分小于100。上述地球化学特征表明塔山岩体为S型花岗岩,源岩主要为中、上地壳酸性岩石。构造环境地球化学判别图解显示为后碰撞构造环境。基于岩石成因、构造环境及构造演化过程,推断继中三叠世后期印支运动陆内强挤压之后,晚三叠世进入挤压松弛的后碰撞环境,地壳减压重熔而形成了塔山岩体。此外,地壳重熔可能还受到软流圈地幔上隆及其热传递的影响。     

西秦岭闾井花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学及其意义

闾井岩体是西秦岭"五朵金花"岩体群的成员之一。岩石类型主要为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、含斑黑云母二长花岗岩、中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩及粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩。对似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U_Pb定年分别获得221±1 Ma(N=20,MSWD=0.11)、221±1 Ma(N=24,MSWD=0.04)和218±1 Ma(N=15,MSWD=0.13)的年龄,表明该岩体形成于晚三叠世,其中似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩比中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩形成略早。该花岗岩的A/CNK=1.02~1.16,Na_2O+K_2O=7.65%~8.84%,K_2O/Na_2O=1.37~1.82,属于过铝质-强过铝质、高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,为I型花岗岩。稀土元素配分曲线为右倾型,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具有显著的负Eu异常。地球化学上总体富集Rb、Th、K元素,不同程度亏损Sr、Nb、P、Ti元素。锆石饱和温度计算显示,闾井岩体成岩温度为736~818℃。该岩体与"五朵金花"岩体群中的中川岩体具有相似的形成时代及地球化学特征,表明闾井岩体与中川岩体可能具有相似的成岩机制,其外围可能也具有和中川岩体一样的成矿潜力。     

广西三叉冲钨矿有关岩体岩石成因：锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学及Nd同位素制约

华南西南部博白-岑溪多金属成矿带是华南地区重要成矿带。在该带中先后发现的米场、油麻坡、三叉冲等中大型钨钼矿与晚中生代白垩纪花岗岩关系密切。本文选择了该区典型岩体——三叉冲岩体进行研究,通过对其特征及成因的研究对该地区成矿作用提供指示意义。三叉冲岩体由斑状中粒黑云母花岗岩和细粒二云母花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年表明,斑状中粒黑云母花岗岩形成于101~104 Ma,细粒二云母花岗岩形成于103~105 Ma。两种花岗岩都具有较大的化学成分变化,但具有相似的Nd同位素组成,εNd(t)值分别为–7.5~–6.5和–7.8~–6.7。我们认为中粒黑云母花岗岩为中元古界中-高钾玄武岩成分基底部分熔融,并与幔源基性岩浆发生岩浆混合作用形成的。在中粒黑云母花岗岩的演化过程中有角闪石+少量斜长石的分离结晶作用。细粒二云母花岗岩具有明显不同于中粒黑云母花岗岩的Na2O和K2O演化趋势;且具有更高的 CaO 和 Sr 含量;同时,细粒二云母花岗岩具有高得多的 La/Lu 比值,这些证据都表明细粒二云母花岗岩并非中粒黑云母花岗岩通过分离结晶形成的。细粒二云母花岗岩为中元古界长英质麻粒岩+少量拉斑玄武岩成分部分熔融产生中酸性岩浆,并与幔源岩浆发生混合作用形成的。幔源岩浆贡献的挥发分F使得细粒二云母花岗岩朝更富Na2O的方向演化。在细粒二云母花岗岩的演化过程中以黑云母+钾长石+斜长石的分离结晶为主。野外地质调查、岩石学及地球化学数据表明,细粒二云母花岗岩与三叉冲钨钼成矿作用的关系更为密切。晚中生代,受太平洋板块的俯冲作用的影响,桂东南地区处于拉张构造环境。软流圈上涌及玄武质岩浆底侵为基底的部分熔融提供了必要的热源,同时也为三叉冲岩体的形成提供了物质来源。     

南岭地区万洋山岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征及其构造意义

万洋山岩体位于湘赣两省交界地带,为加里东期多阶段岩浆活动的复式岩体,花岗岩主要岩石类型有黑云母二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗闪长岩和二云母二长花岗岩,以黑云母二长花岗岩分布面积最广。对岩体中黑云母二长花岗岩中的锆石样品进行激光剥蚀—多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb定年,锆石的16个测点206Pb/238U的加权平均年龄为(446.0±3.4)Ma(n=16,MSWD=0.15)(95%置信度),反映该岩体形成于晚奥陶世至早志留世。岩石地球化学表明岩体中Si O2的含量为65.91%~73.35%,K2O的平均含量为4.20%,Na2O+K2O为5.90%~7.88%,K2O/Na2O平均值为1.64,Al2O3平均值为13.81%,ASI平均值为1.09%,总体属于高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩。微量元素组成中Ba、K、Sr、P、Ti表现出明显的亏损,Rb、Th、U、Nb、Zr、Hf等则相对富集,稀土元素总量中等(159.71×10-6~262.78×10-6),轻稀土富集LREE/HREE=6.16~10.01,(La/Yb)N=6.37~12.17,具明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.30~0.59)。岩体的[n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)]i值为0.71223~0.72509,εSr(t)值为117.5~299.9Ma,εNd(t)值为-9.39~-7.30,两阶段Nd模式年龄(TDM2)为1.77~1.94 Ga。根据上述岩石地球化学特征表明万洋山岩体为来源于地壳的S型花岗岩,花岗岩氧化物和微量元素构造环境判别图解指示岩体形成于后碰撞构造环境。结合前人对华南加里东期岩体的研究成果,推断华南加里东期花岗岩岩体的具体形成机制为:在全球板块构造的影响,华夏板块与扬子板块拼接后,板块间的强烈挤压应力相对松弛、压力降低的后碰撞构造环境下,因地壳增厚而升温的中上地壳岩石减压熔融并向上侵位。     

湘北华容地区桃花山花岗岩体年代学及地球化学特征

分布于湖南北部华容隆起中的桃花山岩体侵位于中元古代冷家溪群中,由早期细粒少斑状角闪石黑云母花岗闪长岩、细中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、中细粒少斑状二云母二长花岗岩至末期细粒黑(二)云母二长花岗岩等四期侵入体组成.对该岩体中部的中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩进行锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年,获得203Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(140.3±3.8)Ma(2σ)(n=7,MSWD=2.3),代表岩体侵位年龄,表明其成岩时代为晚侏罗世.岩石地球化学特征SiO2＝71.10%～73.00%,K2O＝Na2O=1.09～1.66,属过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,Rb/Sr＝0.23～1.95;∑REE较高(175.1～259.9),Eu为弱负异常(δ Eu=0.55～0.82),(La/Yb)N=13.52～43.71;低εNd(-8.1～-10.1),高T2DM(1.59～1.75 Ga).综合研究表明,桃花山花岗岩,属壳源含白云母过铝花岗岩类(MPG),为华南前寒武纪基底重熔而成;其形成的构造背景应为碰撞造山作用晚期或结不束时期,陆内碰撞造山作用增温减压体制下的产物,同时也标志着湘北地区在140 Ma后全面转入陆内伸展阶段.     

湘西南印支期五团岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及形成背景

五团岩体位于湘西南,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩组成,具块状构造。用SHRIMP对黑云母二长花岗岩中的锆石进行了U-Pb同位素测试,其中9颗锆石给出的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为(220.5±4.4)Ma,该年龄被解释为岩体的形成年龄,表明岩体形成于晚三叠世中期。岩石高硅、富铝、高钾、中碱,Si O2含量70.64%~75.32%,平均72.33%;Al2O3含量13.24%~16.37%,平均14.47%;K2O含量4.27%~6.66%,平均5.10%;全碱(Na2O+K2O)含量为6.71%~8.46%,平均7.65%;K2O/Na2O比值为1.54~5.34,平均2.23。ASI值平均为1.24,总体属铁质、高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列过铝质花岗岩类。Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti表现为明显亏损,Rb、(Th+U+K)、(La+Ce)、Nd、(Zr+Hf+Sm)、(Y+Yb+Lu)等则相对富集。ΣREE含量为84.35~222.90μg/g,平均156.81μg/g;δEu值0.17~0.52,平均0.39;(La/Yb)N值为1.81~17.12,平均10.57。ISr值为0.71813~0.72110,εSr(t)值为193.5~235.6,εNd(t)值为-9.78~-9.70,t2DM为1.78~1.79Ga。C/MF-A/MF图解显示源岩为变质泥质岩和碎屑岩。强过铝花岗岩样品的Al2O3/Ti O2比值大部分小于100。上述地球化学特征表明花岗岩为S型花岗岩,源岩主要为中、上地壳酸性岩石。花岗岩微量元素构造环境判别图解主要显示为后碰撞构造环境。基于岩石成因、构造环境判别以及区域构造演化过程,推断五团岩体的具体形成机制为:在中三叠世印支运动之后挤压应力相对松弛、深部压力降低的后碰撞构造环境下,因地壳增厚而升温的中、上地壳岩石减压熔融并向上侵位;此外,深部软流圈上涌和热量的向上传递对五团花岗质岩浆的形成可能起到一定作用。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the