1995年7月12日云南孟连中缅边界7.3级地震中短临预防及前兆特征（2）：…

研究讨论了云南强震活动的时空特征，指出区内Ｍ≥６．８级地震呈现活跃与平静；主体活动区东西交替及时空轮回迁移等特征。据此指出１９８８年云南地区进入了Ｍ≥６．８级地震强活跃期，主要体地在云南西部，１９９５－１９９７年存在发生６－７甚至７级以上地震的危险。     

1995年7月12日云南孟连中缅边界7.3级地震中短临预报及前兆特征(2)——云南强震活动特征及孟连7.3级地震前的地震学异常

研究讨论了云南强震活动的时空特征，指出区内Ｍ≥６８级地震呈现活跃与平静；主体活动区东西交替及时空轮回迁移等特征。据此指出１９８８年云南地区进入了Ｍ≥６８级地震强震活跃期，主体地区在云南西部，１９９５—１９９７年存在发生６—７甚至７级以上地震的危险。同时讨论了孟连７３级地震前相关区地震活动，滇西北、滇西南有关ｂ值、小震频度、调制比异常等８种地震学异常的空间分布、时间进程等特征。特别指出了１９９４年９月至１９９５年５月滇西南地区Ｍ≥４７级地震形成的时空密集现象，及其在短临阶段对震级及地点方面判断的重要作用。     

1996年南黄海6.1级地震后强震趋势预测研究

根据江苏－南黄海地区１５００￣１９９６年Ｍ≥６强震活动和时间分布特征，应用有序性分析，可公度性分析和强震丛集性等方法对该区６级强震趋势预测进行探讨。结果表明，未来几年本区依然存在６级强震的危险，下次Ｍ≥６强震有可能发生在２００２￣２００３年。     

“川滇菱块”东部边界的强震活动

本文探讨了西南地区“川滇菱块”东部边界的强震活动情况。研究表明,“川滇菱块”东部边界强震活动在西南地区最为强烈。它集中了川滇地区全部７．６级以上地震,历史强震活动有较明显的活跃期和平静期,且呈现某种自然节律,７级地震显示较好的南北迁移规律,强震时间分布遵从幂函数特征。     

青海地区强震活动的统计分析及预报探讨

从统计的角度出发，研究了青海地区１９９３年Ｍ≥６强震的发生概率，在此基础上应用非线性最小二乘法拟合的Ｇｏｍｐｅｒｔｚ与Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ曲线模型以及可公度模型对该区Ｍ≥６．５强震进行了预测探索。结果表明，１９９３年该地区Ｍ≥６强震的发生概率将达到０．７６－０．８７，１９９３－１９９４年有可能发生Ｍ≥６．５强震。     

M≥6.0强震后地震序列类型的模糊聚类分析

在充分了解地震序列特征的基础上，选出２６项地震序列的原始特征。根据这些原始特征的Ｗａｌｌｅｎ评分，精选出１１项能突出表现地震序列的特征参数作为指标。采用ＩＳＯＤＡＴＡ模糊聚类方法对地震序列进行分类，Ⅰ类为Ｍ≥６．０强震后三个月内还有震级为Ｍ≥５．０的强震发生；Ⅱ类为Ｍ≥６．０强震后三个月内无Ｍ≥５．０的地震。对中国大陆地区１９６６年以来的２２次Ｍ≥６．０强震序列进行聚类分析，建立预报震后趋势判别模型，然后以８次强震序列为例进行了外推检验。结果表明，该方法对地震序列类型的判别效果较好。     

更新论在估计西南地区未来地震活动中的应用

更新过程在许多领域已有应用。本文检验确认四川省、云南省Ｍ＿ｓ≥５．５，６．０，６．５；川滇Ｍ＿ｓ≥６．０、６．５，７．０；西藏Ｍ＿ｓ≥６．０，６．５，６级地震（主震）间隔时间分别都可认为服从指数分布；同时其中大多又可认为服从对数正态分布，分别对未来１年、３年、５年给出地震发生的概率，并对以上时段内可能发震的次数作出估计，对西南地区未来几年内的地震活动强度给出简明的统计描述，应注意：年内四川省应有Ｍ＿ｓ≥５．５级地震发生，且震级可能大于或等于６．０级。     

汾渭带和华北平原带强震活动的群集特征

根据描述地震活动时间间隔统计特征的系数Ｃｖ，汾渭带和华北平原带强震活动（ＭＳ≥７．０和Ｍｓ≥６．０）过程显示出明显的非泊松的群集统计特征（Ｃｖ＞１）；对于自公元５００年以来的Ｍｓ≥７．０大地震活动过程，其累计频度（ΣＮ）表现出满足ｌｎ（ｌｎΣＮ）＝Ａ＋Ｂｔ关系的逐步加速释放能量的群集时间结构；对于自公元１０００年以来的Ｍｓ≥６．０强地震活动过程，则表现出几十年－几百年尺度的密集和平静交替发生的幕式群集时间结构。     

1993年中国大陆地区地震灾害评述

１９９３年中国大陆地区地震灾害评述李建一，李革平，陆鸣，朱宏任，张晓华１９９３年中国大陆地区共发生Ｍｓ≥５．０中强地震１９次（包括３次余震），其中Ｍｓ≥６．０的强震６次，最大震级为Ｍｓ６．６，１９次中强震全部发生在中国大陆西部地区。这使得１９９３年中...     

六级以上强震后半年内有无五级以上地震的模糊聚类分析

根据３６个初选问题的Ｗａｌｌｅｎ评分，精选出１０项能突出表现地震序列的特征参数作为指标，采用ＦＣＭ模糊聚类方法对地震序列进行分类，在分类过程中，将地震序列分为两类：Ｉ类为Ｍ≥６．０强震后六个月内还有震级为Ｍ≥５．０的强震发生；Ⅱ类为Ｍ≥６．０强震后六个月内无Ｍ≥５．０地震。以中国大陆地区１９９６年以来的２６次Ｍ≥６．０强震序列建立震后判别模型，然后以近期发生的８次强震序列进行了外推检验。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.