Sedimentary Characteristics of Flood-Overlake in Large Depression Basin——Taking the 4th Member, Quantou Formation, Lower Cretaceous,in Southern Songliao Basin as an Example

本文建立了一种干旱背景下坳陷湖盆全新的沉积充填模式,即“洪水—河漫湖”沉积模式.在干旱背景下,物源区的河流主要表现为季节性的洪水,大多数河流都消失在荒漠中,河水主要以地表蒸发、植被生态消耗、地下渗流、河流终端湖以及河漫湖等形式排泄,坳陷湖盆内并未形成统—大面积的汇水中心和湖相沉积.这种背景条件下,湖盆的沉积充填特征明显不同于经典的坳陷湖盆和浅水湖盆沉积.下白垩统泉头组四段沉积时期,松辽盆地具有气候干旱、地势平坦、生物单调贫乏等特征,盆地南部存在5大沉积体系及7条主要的水系.除在盆地西部古龙凹陷地区河流汇水形成小范围浅水湖泊外,在盆地南部主要为“洪水—河漫湖”的河流相沉积.坳陷湖盆“洪水—河漫湖”沉积具有以下特点:①全盆地没有统一的汇水中心,因而缺乏大面积分布的湖相和三角洲沉积;②河流表现为季节性的洪水,部分河流由于地形变缓,并未进入汇水中心,而是消失在荒漠中,河流相为盆地沉积充填的主要类型;③湖盆具有多物源、多漫湖、满盆含砂的沉积特点;④河漫湖与河流在空间分布上存在3种关系,即河流终止于河漫湖、河流穿过河漫湖、河流绕过河漫湖等.坳陷湖盆“洪水—河漫湖”是—种中—新生代陆相坳陷湖盆沉积充填的新模式,具有重要的理论和实践意义.     

Fluid Inclusions in the Xichang Basin and Their Applications in Oil—Gas Exploration

Fluid inclusions are commonly observed in various stages during the diage-netic evolution and the generation,migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons in Lower Permian carbonate rocks in the Xichang Basin, providing direct physico-chemical evidence for the process.Altogether seven stages can be recognized,ie.,the penecontemporane-ous, early and mid-late diagenetic stages, the epidiagenetic stage and the early, middle and late reburying stages.Karst and dissolution pores and structural fissures developed during the epidiagenetic and reburying stages constitute the major reservoirs for hydro-carbon accumulation.Oil generation and migration began in the early reburying stage in Late Permian time and developed to its climax in the middle reburying stage in the Triassic period, followed by extensive generation and migration of natural gases during the late stage of reburying in the Jurassic and later periods.The generation,migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons are closely related to Hercynian basalt eruption and Indosinian and Yenshanian tecto-magmatism.     

Distribution and genesis of high-fluoride groundwaters in Ninh Hoa district, Vietnam

In 2003, we initiated the first systematic investigation of the occurrence of high-fluoride groundwaters in the Ninh Hoa district, China. The study involved the measurement of F- and other ionic species （by FISE and HPIC techniques） in well and bore samples throughout the district. The results helped ascertain the precise extent of fluorosis risk within the local population. Treatment of the data within a GIS enables recognition of particular hot-spots of fluoride concentration, and provides a valuable tool for the minimizing of local health risks and identification of possible source, or sources, of fluoride.     

Geochemistry and genesis of heavy oil in the Erlian Basin

1Introduction StudyonheavyoilintheErlianBasin,NorthChi na,hasbeenreportedbysomescholars(DouLironget al.,1995;TangJietingetal.,1992),butthegene sisandformingmechanismofheavyoilneedtobefur therstudied.Thepapersyntheticallydiscussedthege ochemistry,genesisandinspissationseriesofheavyoil intheErlianBasinbaseduponalargenumberofsta tisticsdataonthephysicalpropertiesofdifferenttypes ofheavyoil,theGCanalysesofsaturatedandaromatic hydrocarbons,andtheGC MSanalysesofsteranesand terpanes. T…     

Origin of Gold—Bearing Fluid and Its Initiative Localization Mechanism in Xiadian Gold Deposit,Shandong Province

The composition of quartz inclusions and trace elements in ore indicate that gold-bearing fluid in the Xiadian gold deposit,Shandong Province,stemmed from both mantle and magma,belonging to a composite origin.Based on theoretical analysis and high temperature and high pressure experimental studies,gold-bearing fluid initiative localization mechanism and the forming environment of ore-host rocks are discussed in the present paper.The composite fluid extracted gold from rocks because of its expanding and injecting forces and injecting forces and flew through ore-conducive structures,leading to the breakup of rocks.The generation of ore-host faults and the precipitation of gold-bearing fluid occurred almost simultaneously.This study provides fur-ther information about the relationships between gold ore veins and basic-ultrabasic vein rocks and intermediate vein rocks,the spatial distribution of gold ore veins and the rules governing the migration of ore fluids.     

From Flysch to Molasse——Sedimentary and Tectonic Evolution of Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian Foreland Basin in North Qilian Mountains

The Late Caledonian to Early Hercynian North Qilian orogenic belt in northwestern China is an elongate tectonic unit situated between the North China plate in the north and the Qaidam plate in the south. North Qiilan started in the latest Proterozoic to Cambrian as a rift basin an the southern mar-gin of North China, and evolved later to an archipelagic ocean and active continental margin during the Ordovician and a fardand basin from Silurian to the Early and Middle Devonian. The Early Silurian fly-sch and sulmmrine alluvial fan, the Middle to Late Silurian shallow marine to tidal flat deposits and the Early and Middle Devonian terrestrial.molasse are developed along the corridor Nansimn. The shallo-wing-upward succession from subabyssal flysch, shallow marine, tidal flat to terrestrial molasse and its gradually narrowed regional distribution demonstrate that the foreland basin experienced the transition from flysch stake to molasse stake during the Silurian and Devonian time.     

Therm odynamics of Diagenetic Fluid and Fluid／Mineral Reactions in the Eogene Xingouzui Formation,Oil Field T,Jianghan Basin

This study focuses on the thermodynamics of diagenetic fluid from the Eogene Xingouzui Formation which represents the most important reservoir in Field Oil T in the Jianghan Basin. The measured homogenization temperatures (110–139 °C) of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals fell within the range of 67 –155 °C at the middle diagenetic stage. The pressure of diagenetic fluid is estimated at 10.2 –56 MPa. The activity of ions in the fluid shows a tendency of Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺ > Fe³⁺ > Fe²⁺ for cations, and HCO ₃ ⁻ > SO ₄ ²⁻ > F⁻ > Cl⁻ > CO ₃ ²⁻ for anions. For the gaseous facies, there is a tendency of CO₂> CO> H₂S> CH₄> H₂. According to the thermodynamic calculations, the pH and Eh of the fluid are 5.86–6.47 and −0.73–−0.64V, respectively. As a result of the interaction between such a diagenetic fluid and minerals in the sediments, feldspars were dissolved or alterated by other minerals. The clay mineral kaolinite was instable and hence was replaced by illite and chloritoid. This project was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49133080) and the Open Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Control Factors of Solutional Voids in Feldspars and Favorable Zone Forecast of Chang 2 Oil Reservoir Group in the Midwest Ordos Basin

The development of pores in a clastic reservoir is one of the most important research subjects in oil-gas exploration and development,whereas the many reasons for the formation of secondary porosity have increased the degree of difficulty in such research.Thus the research aims are to discover the controlling factors of solutional voids in feldspars and to predict favorable regions for these voids. Macroscopic and systematic researches into the relationship between the kaolinite content in the feldspar solutional void developed area of the Chang 2 reservoir group of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Midwest Ordos Basin and the solutional void in feldspar have been made,and from this it can be determined that the kaolinite content has an indicative function to the distribution of the solutional void in feldspar.Solutional void in feldspar is relatively well developed at the area where kaolinite content is high.Although the factors affecting kaolinite content are complicated,yet that of the research area is mainly affected by the impact of the leaching atmospheric water acting on the palaeogeomorphology.Three favorable zone belts for the development of solutional voids in feldspars are forecasted on the basis of restoration of palaeogeomorphology.     

Sedimentary Micro-facies and Macro Heterogeneity of Reservoir Beds in the Third Member of the Qingshankou Formation,Qian'an Area,Songliao Basin

An analysis of drill cores and well logs shows that the main micro-facies of the third member sand bodies of the Qingshankou Formation in Qian'an are subaqueous distributary channel facies, sheet sand facies and subaqueous fan facies(olistostrome).Maps showing the distribution of these micro-facies together with inter-channel bay and prodelta mocro-facies are presented for different time-slices(lower,middle and upper parts of the Qingshankou Formation).These maps reveal the instability and change of sediment transport in the Baokang sedimentary system during the depositional period.Sediment transport was from the west in the early stage,from the south in the middle stage and from the northwest in the late stage.Values of thickness,porosity and permeability of the sand bodies in the third member of the Qingshankou Formation show that they have low to medium porosity and low permeability,and are characterized by serious reservoir heterogeneity.The joints between micro-facies and subaqueous fan micro-facies are characterized by the highest heterogeneity, the sheet sand and distal sand bar subfacies come next,and the heterogeneity of the subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies is relatively weak.     

Formation Conditions and Distribution Regularities of Oil—gas Pools in Tertiary Volcanic Rocks in Western Huimin Depression,Shandong Province

The formation conditions and distribution regularities of oil-gas pools in volcanic rocks in western Huimin Depression have been studied in terms of geolgic,sesmic and well logging information,This paper discusses the types and lithofacies,development and distribution of Tertiary volcanic rocks in the area.The results demonstrate that volcanic activity occurred mainly during the period from the Sha-4 stage to the Guantao episode,i.e.,before the oil-generating period(before the end of the Guantao episode and the Minghuazhen episode).The activity did not destroy oil and gas formation and accumulation,but was favourable for the concentration of organic matter and its conversion to hydrocarbons;besides,volcanic rocks can serve as reservoir rocks and cap rocks,playing a role very similar to that of a syndepositional anticline,The volcanic rocks are distributed near the margins of the oil-generating depression;there are many secondary interstices in the rocks,which are connected with each other.These are the leading conditions for the formation of oil-generating period and their self-sealing or good combination with other cap rocks are important factors for forming volcanic rock-hosted oil and gas pools.The oil-gas pools associated with volcanic rocks in western Huimin are mainly distributed around the deep oil-generating depression,in the central up lift or the high structural levels on the margins of the depression.In particular,the sites where several faults cross are usually locatons where hith-yielding oil-gas pools in volcanic rocks are concentrated.     

华北盆地地下热水的水动力条件及水化学响应

华北盆地地下热水的水文地球化学分带对水文地质动力分带有着积极的响应特征和很好的指示作用,自周边山区至华北盆地内部,自浅部向深部,地下热水的水质逐渐变差,18O漂移程度越来越大,2H过量参数d值越来越小,指示循环交替条件逐步变差。地下热水高矿化度带的分布特征说明西部、北部的太行山、燕山为华北盆地地下热水的主要补给区,鲁西南山区的补给比例相对较小。水化学的分布特征说明,在盆地平面和垂向上,存在砂岩类地下热水的向心流(渗入成因水)与离心流(沉积成因水)的水动力平衡带,反映了向心流与离心流是此消彼长的动态平衡关系。     

Origin and Distribution of Groundwater Chemical Fields of the Oilfield in the Songliao Basin, NE China

There are many factors affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the forming process of groundwater chemical fields, such as freshening due to meteoric water leaching downwards, freshening due to mudstone compaction and water release, concentration due to infiltration and freshening due to dehydration of clay minerals. As a result, the groundwater chemical fields are characterized by lengthwise stages and planar selectivity. The former arouses vertical chemical zonality of groundwater. Five units could be identified downwards in the Songliao basin： （1） freshening zone due to downward-leaching meteoric water, （2） concentration zone due to evaporation near the ground surface, （3） freshening zone due to mudstone compaction and water release, and concentration zone due to compaction and infiltration, （4） freshening zone due to dehydration of clay minerals, and （5） filtration-concentration zone; whereas the latter determines the planar division of groundwater chemical fields： （1） the freshening area due to meteoric water, asymmetrically on the margin of the basin, （2） the freshening area due to mudstone compaction and water release in the central part of the basin, （3） the leaky area, which is a transitional zone, and （4） leakage-evaporation area, which is a concentration zone. In the direction of centrifugal flows caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area, the mineralization degree, concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl^-, and salinity coefficient （SC） increase, while concentrations of （CO3^2- ＋HCO3^-） and SO4^2-, metamorphism coefficient （MC） and desulfuration coefficient （DSC） decrease. However, all these parameters increase in the direction of gravity-induced centripetal flows.     

松辽盆地二氧化碳地质埋存研究

CO2地下储存可有效地减少人类活动排放到大气中的CO2量,从而缓解日趋严重的全球气候变化问题。沉积盆地地下深部存在体积巨大的咸水含水层,咸水不宜开发利用,可用来储存大量的CO2。研究结果表明,利用松辽盆地进行CO2的地质埋存是可行的;松辽盆地深部咸含水层的CO2储存容量大约为8.96×109t,约为2003年中国大陆地区CO2放量的25倍。     

松辽盆地下白垩统沙河子组陆相页岩气首获高产突破

松辽盆地是目前世界上已发现油气资源最为丰富的陆相含油气盆地之一,也是我国主要的大型油气资源基地.目前,松辽盆地常规油气资源探明率已达 62. 3％,常规油气增储难度较大,基本进入非常规油气勘探开发阶段(孙龙德等, 2021).松辽盆地上白垩统青山口组陆相页岩油的勘探已经取得了实质性的突破,有望成为新的增储上产领域.松辽...     

松辽盆地姚家组-嫩江组地层层序及沉积演化

松辽盆地姚家组-嫩江组是晚白垩世形成的一套完整的水进-水退沉积旋回,分为2个二级层序,6个三级层序,持续时间约4Ma。嫩江组二段最大湖泛期在底部形成了盆地范围内稳定分布的油页岩,其不仅是层序及地层对比的标准界面,而且是重要的烃源岩层和盖层。姚家组与嫩江组一段是水进期大型退积型三角洲沉积,嫩江组三段是水退期大型湖泊与快速进积大型三角洲沉积。嫩江组在水进期长轴物源方向发育大型重力流水道及末端浊积扇,水道延伸距离64km,最大宽度600m;在水退初期短轴方向发育滑塌浊积扇,扇体有复合式和单体式,滑塌最小古坡度为5%~12‰,表面均发育弧状滑塌波纹,波纹密度4~10条/km,最小滑移距离2~10km。     

松辽盆地上白垩统陆相遗迹化石及其沉积环境

松辽盆地上白垩统中含有丰富的遗迹化石,通过对该盆地20余口取心井岩心的详细观察,发现了6大类动物遗迹化石15属20种。根据这些遗迹化石的分布规律,在松辽盆地上白垩统中划分出5种遗迹化石组合：（1）Scoyenia遗迹组合,主要成分有Scoyenia gracilis、Skolithos和Planolites,偶见停息迹化石,反映的是遭受周期性暴露的极浅水环境;（2）Skolithos遗迹组合,主要以Skolithos和Cylindricum十分发育为特征,分异度小,丰度高,反映的是高能动水环境。（3）Arenicolites遗迹组合,主要以Arenicolites和Polykladichnus大量发育为特征,还见有Skolithos、Planolites、Thalassinoides和逃逸迹等化石,分异度较高,反映了水流能量较低的浅水环境;（4）Planolites遗迹组合,以密集分布的Planolites十分发育为特征,分异度小,丰度高,见有少量指示缺氧环境的Chondrites化石,反映了水体较平静的还原环境;（5）Fuersichnus遗迹组合,主要由Fuersichnus、Glockeria、Gordia、Megagrapton和Planolites等遗迹分子构成,反映了相对平静的深水环境。     

松辽盆地杏山地区深部火山岩有利储层的控制因素及分布预测

深层火山岩储层研究是松辽盆地油气勘探的新领域。地球化学和岩石学研究表明,与松辽盆地南部深层火山岩相比,盆地北部杏山地区营城组的火山岩以中酸性喷出岩类为主,其中灰白色流纹岩中的原生气孔、风化溶蚀孔和构造裂缝为较好的储集空间。利用常规测井资料可以对火山岩岩性进行较好的识别,结合成像测井资料可以较好地描述和预测裂缝-孔隙性储层。研究表明：常规测井解释的裂缝孔隙度、产状以及预测结果与成像和取心结果符合较好;近火山口有利岩相带中,风化淋滤溶蚀作用和构造裂缝是营城组火山岩储层形成有利储集空间的主要控制因素。利用测井约束地震反演预测的3种火山岩体参数（火山岩厚度、上覆盖层厚度和构造曲率）进行叠合可以较好地预测火山岩优质储层的空间分布特征。结合有利相带、储集空间类型以及储层物性特征,提出了研究区火山岩储层的综合分类评价标准。将营城组火山岩储层划分为3类,预测出8个有利储层发育区,其预测结果与实际钻井和测试数据符合较好,为本区的深部天然气勘探指明了方向。     

松辽盆地南部幔源CO_2充注成因次生油气藏深、浅层分布差异

在大量总结前人研究成果的基础上得出:松南地区深部层位以富气为特征,烃类气成藏阶段为登二段沉积期及早白垩纪晚期;浅部层位以富油为特征,油气成藏阶段主要集中于明水组沉积末期至古近纪早期;盆地中CO2气主要富集于营城组及泉头组(三、四段),储量丰富且以幔源成因为主,其形成与晚中新世后期火山活动有关;深层与浅层油气成藏时间均早于幔源CO2充注。与深部层位相比,松辽盆地南部浅层具备更完善的幔源CO2充注成因次生油气藏形成条件,可视其为常规油气资源再勘探的有利目标区。     

松辽盆地东南隆起区营城组火山岩相和储层的空间展布特征

松辽盆地东南隆起区营城组火山岩岩相类型涵盖5种岩相中的12种亚相。物性统计分析结果表明,喷溢相上部亚相、侵出相内带亚相、火山通道相隐爆角砾岩亚相的储层物性较好。将物性结果结合平面岩性岩相图,确定出裂缝面孔率高的区域主要集中在火山机构中心附近的火山通道相火山颈亚相和隐爆角砾岩亚相、侵出相内带亚相、爆发相热碎屑流和热基浪亚相、喷溢相下部亚相;气孔面孔率高的区域集中在距离火山口较近的斜坡处,亚相主要为喷溢相上部、中部亚相。最后根据有利储层的定义和种类,得出有利储层主要位于古火山口及其附近的山脊处,面孔率值向外呈环带状减少或单向减少。     

松辽流域水资源现状与地下水开发利用分析

松辽流域是我国北方水资源紧缺的地区之一,1994～2001年整个流域的年均降水量为6052 13×108m3,水资源总量1931 11×108m3,其中地表水资源量1668 81×108m3,地下水资源量637 16×108m3,地表水与地下水的水资源重复计算量374 86×108m3。松辽流域人均、亩均水资源量分别为全国平均水平的70%和34%。基于流域水均衡的观点,从降水、地表水、地下水和水资源总量四个方面分析了松辽流域水资源现状及其特点,并对1994～2001年流域供水、用水组成及其变化特征进行了分析,给出水资源的时空展布规律与社会经济布局不相匹配、地下水在总供水量中所占比例越来越大的结论,进一步对地下水开发利用中存在的水环境问题及其成因进行了探讨。