海水酸化对中华哲水蚤全蛋白表达的影响

运用蛋白质组学相关技术对暴露于酸化海水中的中华哲水蚤全蛋白进行分析,结果表明,对照组、CCO20.08%和CCO20.20%处理组中华哲水蚤的双向电泳图谱上可以分别分辨出1 191、1 117和946个蛋白点,选取其中43个差异蛋白进行MALDI-TOF/TOF质谱鉴定,成功鉴定出23个差异蛋白,这些蛋白主要与蛋白合成和分解、能量代谢、DNA分子修复以及解毒过程有关。     

温度对中华哲水蚤代谢率的影响

海洋生态系统的能流和物流是海洋生态学研究的重要内容。中华哲水蚤 (Ｃａｌａｎｕｓｓｉｎｉｃｕｓ)是中国黄、渤海桡足类的优势种 ,本文研究了中华哲水蚤的代谢率 ,为研究海洋生态系统的能流和物流积累资料。１材料和方法１９９７年１２月２６日到１９９８年１月１７日在中科院海洋研究所研究了温度对中华哲水蚤耗氧率和排氨率的影响。１９９７年６月渤海调查时 ,在“科学１号”调查船上研究了温度对中华哲水蚤耗氧率的影响。中华哲水蚤１９９７年１２月２６日到１９９８年１月１７日实验用中华哲水蚤采自青岛汇泉湾 ,用浅水 Ｉ型网在中…     

饵料浓度对中华哲水蚤摄食的影响

用饵料浓度差减法和排粪率法研究中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)在饵料(青岛大扁藻、新月菱形藻)浓度从1500到350000个/cm3时摄食率的变化。实验证明中华哲水蚤具有很强的摄食潜力,摄食率在实验饵料浓度范围内一直在增加,在较低的饵料浓度(如青岛大扁藻4000个/cm3)下停止摄食。     

厦门港中华哲水蚤卵型研究

对厦门港中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)的卵型进行观察和研究,获得主要结果如下:(1)厦门港中华哲水蚤仅存在一种基本卵型,属于无鞘卵,但卵表面具有透明、柔软的胞膜(blister),胞膜呈褶皱结构;(2)胞膜可因外力而脱落,但胚胎仍可以正常发育;(3)在实验室水温为16~22℃条件下,受精卵均可正常孵化与发育;(4)胞膜的厚度有一定的变化,它随着水温的升高有减小的趋势.卵型分析与孵化实验均证实:厦门港中华哲水蚤不存在休眠卵(dormant egg)或滞育卵(diapause egg).     

中华哲水蚤对自然饵料的摄食选择性实验研究

提要为了解自然环境中中华哲水蚤的摄食选择性及其生态策略,利用库尔特颗粒计数器测定了夏季黄海中华哲水蚤对自然水体中混合饵料的选择性摄食状况。调查期间,黄海海域季节性温跃层开始出现,水体中叶绿素a浓度为0.23—1.44mg/m3,最大值均出现在温跃层底部。水平分布上,水体中颗粒浓度近岸浅水区(A站:0.5—5.2×106μm3/ml)高于深水区(B站:0.3—0.7×106μm3/ml,C站:0.9—2.4×106μm3/ml);垂直分布上A、B站近底层颗粒浓度最高,C站颗粒浓度最高值出现在叶绿素a最大值区。中华哲水蚤对水体中粒径为1—100μm的食物颗粒均有摄食,但是颗粒大小和颗粒浓度对其摄食选择性均有一定的影响,主要摄食粒径为5—50μm的饵料颗粒。不同海域中华哲水蚤的个体摄食率分别为近岸A站23.82×106μm3/d、北部B站51.16×106μm3/d和南部C站36.32×106μm3/d,其日摄食量分别占体碳含量的2.1%(A站)、4.6%(B站)和3.2%(C站)。近岸海域(A站)中华哲水蚤摄食的饵料颗粒中各粒级组所占比例变化不大,但是深水区(B、C站)中华哲水蚤对于10—25μm范围内的饵料颗粒摄食选择性明显高于其它粒级组。中华哲水蚤的摄食选择性主要与水体中饵料的体积浓度相关,当饵料浓度降低时,中华哲水蚤可以通过扩大摄食饵料颗粒的粒径范围,增加对大颗粒的摄食以获得更多的营养。     

中华哲水蚤不同地理种群苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的比较

中华哲水蚤 (ＣａｌａｎｕｓｓｉｎｉｃｕｓＢｒｏｄｓｋｙ)是属于甲壳纲 (Ｃｒｕｓｔａｃｅａ)桡足亚纲 (Ｃｏｐｏｐｅｄａ)哲水蚤目（Ｃａｌａｎｏｉｄａ）哲水蚤属（ＣａｌａｎｕｓＬｅａｃｈ）的一类浮游动物 ,为暖温带种 ,广泛分布于我国渤、黄海和东海沿岸区 ,为这些水域的优势种［１］。有关中华哲水蚤的研究国内有过许多报道 :李少菁［２］、陈清潮［３］、林元烧等［４］曾分别对该种类生活习性、摄食、生殖及生活史进行过研究 ,林元烧、曹文清等［５］也曾对厦门港不同月份采集的中华哲水蚤染色体组型进行了分析。而不同地理种群…     

厦门港中华哲水蚤碳氮收支的研究

本文在分析厦门港中华哲水蚤元素组成基础上,研究其各项生理速率并估算碳氮收支.结果表明:摄食率与饵料含量呈线性相关,未发现饱和摄食.同化效率介于92％～96％之间,与饵料含量及摄食率无关.呼吸率与摄食率及同化率均呈线性相关,其SDA系数介于摄入碳量的9.3％(m/m)或同化碳量的9.9％(m/m).总氮排泄率随摄食率与同化率的提高而呈线性增加.随着摄食率的提高,分配给卵生产的能量也增多,二者呈线性相关.饵料中N含量是厦门港中华哲水蚤生长的主要限制因子,当其对N的摄食率低于10.5×10~(-3)(m/m)/d时,动物“负”生长.     

胶州湾3种哲水蚤种群动态的研究

本文研究了胶州湾内小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus Claus),双刺纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa Giesbrecht)和太平洋纺锤水蚤(A.pacifica Steuer)3种哲水蚤一年内的种群结构和种群数量的季节变化规律,并讨论了体长的季节变化及其与温度之间的关系。     

麻痹性贝毒毒素在中华哲水蚤体内的累积及排出

本文研究了中华哲水蚤对可产生麻痹性贝毒毒素的塔玛亚历山大藻的摄食情况,以及麻痹性贝毒毒素在中华哲水蚤体内的累积和排出过程。实验发现,中华哲水蚤可以摄食有毒塔玛亚历山大藻,并在体内累积麻痹性贝毒毒素;麻痹性贝毒毒素各成分在中华哲水蚤体内发生相互转化的现象,同时中华哲水蚤又可通过自身代谢作用降解掉大部分毒素;中华哲水蚤可通过其排泄物在空间上转移麻痹性贝毒毒素。     

低氧对中华哲水蚤存活和繁殖影响的实验研究

为研究低氧对海洋浮游生物关键种存活、繁殖等的影响,作者采用了实验室模拟低氧环境的方法,研究了低溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)浓度对中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)致死率、产卵和孵化的影响.研究发现,中华哲水蚤对低氧环境比较敏感,当DO质量浓度为2 mg/L左右时,中华哲水蚤会在1 h内全部死亡;当DO质量浓度为3 mg/L左右时,中华哲水蚤会在96 h内全部死亡;当DO质量浓度为4~6 mg/L 时,基本无死亡,但对中华哲水蚤的产卵有明显抑制作用,首次产卵时间推迟,产卵周期缩短.当DO质量浓度为4 mg/L时,基本不产卵,当DO质量浓度为6 mg/L时,产卵量也仅为常氧组的15%左右.当DO质量浓度为4~6 mg/L时,中华哲水蚤所产卵的孵化率为常氧组的60%左右,但差异不显著.可见,低氧对中华哲水蚤的存活和繁殖均有抑制作用,长时间低氧很可能会降低中华哲水蚤的种群数量,甚至改变海洋生态系统结构.     

中国近海浮游桡足类中华哲水蚤（Calanussinicus Brodsky）的分子系统地理学和种群遗传结构研究

Planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus is the dominant meso-zooplankton in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. To better understand its population dynamics and phylogeographic patterns, 243 C. sinicus individuals were collected from seven locations across the shelf waters of China and its population genetics was studied by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I(mtCOI) sequences analyses. Thirty-nine different sequences, or haplotypes, were detected with moderate haplotype diversity(h=0.749) and low nucleotide diversity(π=0.003) for all populations. The evolutionary divergence between geographic populations varied from 0.24% to 0.37%, indicative of very limited genetic differentiation. Visualized minimum spanning network(MSN) and phylogenetic analysis of all the detected haplotypes did not reveal any clear phylogeographic pattern. Furthermore, AMOVA data showed no significant spatial population differentiation existed among the individuals collected across China shelf waters. Pairwise FST values showed that population collected from northwest of the East China Sea(ECS) displayed a low difference to other populations. Mismatch distribution analyses and neutrality tests indicated that C. sinicus might undergo a demographic/population expansion. No significant population genetic structuring was detected, indicating an extensive gene flow among the C. sinicus populations. Our results provide molecular evidence for the hypothesis that C. sinicus in the northwestern South China Sea in winter is transported from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea by the China Coastal Current during the northeast monsoon period.     

两种微藻对中华哲水蚤繁殖的影响——基于饵料生化组成分析

在春季,以中肋骨条藻和海洋原甲藻培养中华哲水蚤,以饥饿培养作为对照,测定了饵料的脂肪酸和挥发性不饱和醛类的组成和含量、雌体的产卵率和卵的孵化率,试图探讨藻类生化组成对桡足类繁殖的影响。结果表明,中肋骨条藻单不饱和脂肪酸、?16脂肪酸的含量相对较高,而海洋原甲藻则具有更高含量的总脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、?ω3、?ω6、?18脂肪酸。中肋骨条藻和海洋原甲藻分别测得了6种和3种不饱和醛类,二者醛类总含量分别为1438.95μg/g和114.58μg/g。在饥饿的情况下,中华哲水蚤的产卵会停止。中华哲水蚤在中肋骨条藻和海洋原甲藻培养下并没有表现出产卵率和孵化率的差异,一方面说明并非所有的硅藻都会对桡足类的繁殖产生抑制作用,另一方面说明藻类进入桡足类体内以后并未因其生化组成的差异对卵的孵化产生影响。中肋骨条藻培养下中华哲水蚤具有更高的死亡率,表明硅藻在浓度较高时会对桡足类的存活产生影响。     

春季中华哲水蚤在不同海湾或河口对环境的适应性

为探究南黄海和东海不同海域春季中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)分布主要受何种环境因子影响及对各环境因子的响应差异,利用2020年春季南黄海海州湾至长江口以北海域和东海长江口海域、三门湾邻近海域、福建中部近岸海域调查数据,基于广义可加非线性模型(GAMs)分析了中华哲水蚤与环境因子的关系。结果表明：海州湾至长江口以北海域中华哲水蚤主要受温度、溶解氧、化学需氧量、Chl a、pH和氨氮的影响。其密度随着温度的增加呈一个波谷曲线变动,温度在14℃时密度最低;随着溶解氧的增加其密度呈一个波谷曲线变动,溶解氧含量在10 mg/L时中华哲水蚤密度最低;随化学需氧量增加其密度波动变化;随着Chl a浓度的增加其密度先下降再呈波动上升;随着pH的增加中华哲水蚤密度逐渐降低;随着氨氮浓度的增加中华哲水蚤密度逐渐增加。长江口海域中华哲水蚤主要受盐度、水深、化学需氧量和活性磷酸盐影响,随盐度和水深的增加其密度逐渐增加;随化学需氧量和活性磷酸盐浓度增加其密度逐渐降低。三门湾邻近海域中华哲水蚤主要受盐度、pH和透明度影响,随盐度的增加其密度逐渐增加;随pH的增加其密度逐渐降低;随透明度的增加其密度先...     

Diel vertical migration of the copepod Calanus sinicus before and during formation of the Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water in the Yellow Sea

To understand the effects of the Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water(YSCBW)on the diel vertical migration(DVM)of the copepod Calanus sinicus,we surveyed vertical distribution of C.sinicus at a fixed station in the Yellow Sea before(spring)and during(summer)formation of the YSCBW.Cold water(<10 C)was observed in the bottom layer when the water column was thermally stratified in summer,but the water column was thermally well-mixed in spring 2010.Samples were collected from five different layers at 3-h intervals using an opening-closing net.Adult females(1–155 ind./m3)showed a clear normal DVM pattern throughout the entire water column in spring,whereas adult males did not migrate.DVM of copepodite V(CV)individuals was not clear,but the maximum abundance of CI–CIV occurred consistently in the upper 10–20 m layer,where there was a high concentration of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)(0.49–1.19μg/L).In summer,weak DVM was limited to cold waters beneath the thermocline for adult females(<30 ind./m3),but not for adult males.The maximum abundance of CI–CIV also occurred consistently in the subsurface layer(20–40 m)together with high concentrations of Chl-a(0.81–2.36μg/L).CV individuals(1–272 ind./m3)moved slightly upward nocturnally to the near-surface layer(10–20 m),where the average temperature was 25.74 C,but they were not found in the surface layer(0–10 m;28.31 C).These results indicate that the existence of the YSBCW affected food availability at depth and the vertical temperature distribution,leading to variation in the amplitude and shape of stage-specific vertical distributions(CI to adults)in C.sinicus before and during the formation of cold waters in the Yellow Sea during the study period.     

Changes in the population structure of Calanus sinicus during summer–autumn in the southern Yellow Sea

Calanus sinicus is a calanoid copepod widely distributed in coastal waters of China and Japan, and oversummering strategies may have major impacts on their population dynamics which in turn affect local marine food web structure. The abundance, stage composition, and sex composition of the planktonic copepod C. sinicus were studied from August to October 2002 in the southern Yellow Sea to understand how its population recovers from the over-summering state. Results showed that C. sinicus had low reproduction in August due to high temperature, except in waters near the Cheju Island with rich food and moderate bottom temperature, but the reproduction rates here decreased in September–October as food availability declined. When temperature dropped in September–October, C. sinicus actively propagated in coastal shallow waters. However, reproduction rates of C. sinicus individuals inhabiting the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) remained low during the three months of the study. The percentage of C. sinicus females was high during the reproductive period, which suggests that the sex composition of adult C. sinicus may reflect whether or not the population is in the reproductive mode.Numerous fifth copepodite stage(CV) C. sinicus aggregated in the YSCWM in a suspended developmental stage during the three months of this study, and they potentially served as the parental individuals for population development when conditions became optimal for reproduction later in the year.     

Peaked abundance of Calanus sinicus earlier shifted in the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary: a comparable study between 1959, 2002 and 2005

The sea surface temperature (SST) of the East China Sea (ECS) increased in the past decades,which may have a great impact on the ecosystem of the ECS,including the changes in plankton-population structure.In this paper,the changes in peaked abundance of Calanus sinicus in the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary were compared between 1959 and 2002,based on the data collected from the seasonally oceanographic cruises and those performed in spring of 2005.It was much higher in spring compared with that in other seasons both in 1959 and 2002.Furthermore,in spring 2005,the time for occurrence and decrease of the peaked C.sinicus abundance advanced about one month, accompanying the increase in the sea surface water temperature (SST).It peaked in June and decreased in July in 1959,however,in 2005,it peaked in May and attenuated sharply in early June.The earlier decrease of peaked C.sinicus abundance may further deteriorate the ecosystem in the Changjiang River Estuary and north nearshore of the ECS.     

Distribution of Calanus finmarchicus in the northern North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean—Expatriation and potential colonization

The distribution of Calanus finmarchicus was studied on a transect across the central Greenland Sea, and on five transects from the Eurasian shelves across the Atlantic Inflow in the Arctic Ocean. Stage composition was used as an indicator for successful growth; gonad maturity and egg production were taken as indicators for reproductive activity. On the Arctic Ocean transects, these parameters were measured simultaneously from the sibling species Calanus glacialis. Response of egg production rate to different temperatures at optimal food conditions was very similar between both species in the laboratory. C. finmarchicus was present at all stations studied, but young developmental stages were only present close to the regions of submergence of Atlantic water under the Polar water. This together with a decreasing abundance and biomass from west to east along the Atlantic Inflow in the Arctic Ocean and reproductive failure indicates that C. finmarchicus is expatriated in the Arctic Ocean. We hypothesize that the late availability of food in the Arctic Ocean, rather than low temperature per se, limits reproductive success. Better reproductive success in the very low temperature regions of the Return Atlantic Current and the marginal ice zone in the Greenland Sea supports this hypothesis. The possibility for a replacement of C. glacialis by C. finmarchicus and consequences for the ecosystem after increasing warming of the Arctic are discussed.     

秋季黄海中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)脂肪酸组成及其指示作用

采用气相色谱法对秋季黄海颗粒悬浮物和中华哲水蚤的脂肪酸组成及其指示作用进行了研究。结果表明,黄海表层海水中硅藻所占比例要大于甲藻。硅藻在黄海南部浮游植物中所占比重高于黄海北部,甲藻在黄海南北部的差别不大。从脂肪酸组成来看,中华哲水蚤雌体、雄体和桡足幼体都摄食硅藻和甲藻,雌体和雄体摄食的硅藻远多于甲藻,而桡足幼体摄食的甲藻则比雌体和雄体多。雄体和桡足幼体植食性的程度高于雌体,而雌体则可能由于繁殖活动的需要,还摄食了原生动物等其它一些营养丰富的食物。对冷水团内外中华哲水蚤脂肪酸组成研究发现,桡足幼体比雌体积累了更多的脂肪酸以满足度夏过程中的能量需求和后期繁殖的需要。