絮凝剂-树脂联合法从琼胶中制备琼脂糖工艺研究

琼脂糖是一种具有高凝胶特性的天然高分子红藻多糖,具有良好的物理、化学和热稳定性,在医学和科研方面具有广泛的用途。在琼脂糖制备工业中,传统生产技术的局限性造成了国内琼脂糖尚未规模化生产。因此,有必要开发新的成本可控的琼脂糖制备方法。本文采用一种聚丙烯酰胺和弱碱性苯丙烯系阴离子交换树脂联用的方法来分离制备琼脂糖,以江蓠琼胶为原料,通过单因素试验优化琼脂糖的制备参数并对琼脂糖的理化指标进行测定。所得琼脂糖硫酸根含量为0.22%、凝胶强度为1 524 g/cm2、透明度为58.9%,凝固温度为39.7℃、融化温度为87.6℃,表明其具有相对较高的质量。该工艺简单经济,对发展琼脂糖工业具有一定的参考价值。     

Effect of salinity on the growth,and agar yield and composition of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var liui Zhang et Xia

Gracilaria tenuistipitata vahang et Xia is cultivated at two different salinites(21,33) in the laboratory for 4 weeks,The daily growth rate is determined.The total agar yield and fractional agar composition are analyzed.Results show that algae grow faster in low salinity.The total agar yield is higher under high salinity conditions than under low salinity conditions.Among the eight fractions extracted,the yields of cold water extract and 40% ethanol extract are about the highest.In low salinities the yields of autoclaved extract and 60% ethanol extract are higher,while the yield of cold water extract is lower relative to high salinities.     

琼胶/SiO2复合纤维的制备及性能研究

利用湿法纺丝技术制备了琼胶/SiO₂复合纤维,对琼胶分子在溶液中的分散性、纺丝液流变性、纤维的形貌、化学结构分别用DLS、旋转黏度计、SEM、FTIR和XRD进行了表征,并对纤维的力学性能、热性能和吸湿性能进行了测定。研究结果表明:琼胶分子在溶液中呈纳米尺度分布,纺丝液具有良好的流动性;琼胶/纳米SiO₂复合纤维具有良好的形态。随着纳米SiO₂的添加量逐渐提高,复合纤维的力学拉伸强度先增强后降低,复合纤维的吸水性降低,复合纤维的热稳定性逐渐增强。结合复合纤维综合性能,纳米SiO₂的最佳添加质量分数为0.5%。     

Community Structure of Free-living Marine Nematodes in the Area of Agar-Producing Alga Ahnfeltia To b u c h i e n s i s Field (Starka Strait,Peter the Great Bay,East Sea)

The structure of the nematodes communities has been studied in the sediments on two sites located outside and under the layer ofAhnfeltia tobuchiensis (Kanno and Matsubara 1932; Makijenko 1970). Bottom sediments at the stations were represented by sands with a different degree of silting. Specific structure of nematodes at the stations was significantly different under the similar environmental conditions (water depth, dissolved oxygen saturation, salinity, temperature of the bottom layer and organic carbon content inside of the sediment). Nematodes dominated (75.7 %) in meiobenthos community under the layer of A.tobuchiensis where concentration of silt particles was 12 %. Representatives of the family Comesomatidae were dominant. Low index of species diversity and high Simpson domination index were detected in this community. Under a layer ofA. tobuchiensis with the thickness of 30 cm concentration of the silt particles was 5.39 %; nematodes density was low and made 32.1 % of the general density of meiobenthos. Species of the families Xyalidae and Monoposthiidae were dominant. Outside of A.tobuchiensis, field percentage of silt particles was minimal (3.1 %) and representatives of families Cyatholaimidae and Axonolaimidae dominated. The specific structure of nematodes in this type of the ground is characterized by high index of species diversity and low level of domination.     

海洋红藻多管藻内生真菌EN-22 的化学成分研究

对采自广西涠州岛近海多管藻(Poiysiphonia urceolata)分离到的一株内生真菌EN-22的次生代谢产物的化学成分进行了研究.利用正相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、制备薄层层析(PTLC)以及重结晶等分离手段从该菌发酵液中分离得到15个化合物,通过一维、二维核磁共振技术、质谱技术等鉴定了所有化合物的结构,分别为:4-(4-喹啉)-4-羟基-2-丁酮(1),3-羟基-3-(2-氧丙基)吲哚-2-酮(2),3-吲哚乙醇(3),3-吲哚甲酸(4),2-羟基-3-吲哚丙酸(5),2-酮-3-吲哚乙醇(6),3,3-二吲哚-2-羟基-丙醇(7),β-咔啉(8),尿嘧啶(9),环-(S-脯氨酸-S-异亮氨酸)(10),(22E,24R)-3β,5α,9α-三羟基麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(11),(22E,24R)-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(12),5α,6α-环氧-24(R)-甲基胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(13),胡萝卜苷(14),过氧化麦角甾醇(15);其中化合物1和2为新天然产物,并首次报道化合物1的碳谱数据.     

Purification, characterization and ELISA of metallothionein from red scorponifish, Sebastiscus marmoratus

INTRODUCTIONATislowKWCys-rich(aboutonethird)metal-bindingprotein,lackofaromaticaminoacidresidues.AThasbeenfoundinkidneysandliversofmanymammals,andalsoininvertebrates,microorganismsandplants.ThepresenceofanAT-likeproteinhasbeenfoundinanumberofaquaticorganisms,includingtheplaice(Overnelletal.,1977),rock-fish(Olafsonetal.,1974),goldfish(Marafant,1976),andcrabandshrimp(Olafsonetal.,1979).AThasbecomethesubjectofgreatInterestinrecentyearsduetotheirwideexistenceandmetalaffinity.Scientistsha…     

Characteristics and phylogeny of light-harvesting complex gene encoded proteins from marine red alga Griffithsia japonica

1 Introduction T he light-harvesting com plex (LH C ) com posedofphotosynthesis pigm ents and associated proteins arelocated on the thylakoid m em brane of chloroplast inhigherplants and algae. T he capture oflightenergy isthe first step in photosynthesis and is largely accom -plished by the pigm entprotein com plexes. To m axi-m ize the capture of light energy under various envi-ronm entalconditions, the LH C s w ith differentchro-m ophore com positions have evolved in differentpho-tosynth…     

Depth influence on biochemical performance and thallus size of the red alga Gelidium corneum

Recent declines in the foundation species Gelidium corneum (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux in pristine coastal stretches of the Southeastern Bay of Biscay have been documented in which individuals showed a high bleaching incidence. Among the potential factorsthat may be responsible for these changes in G. corneum abundance, it has been suggested that high levels of irradiance may be imposing stressful environmental conditions for shallow populations. Given that light is reduced exponentially as depth increases, in this investigation we examined the influence of depth on the stress of G. corneum by comparing the performance of several biochemical parameters and thallus size in plants collected at three different depths. The results revealed that plants growing in shallow waters showed lower antioxidant activity, lower concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (Chl‐a, total carotenoids, phycoerythrin), lower internal nitrogen levels (higher C:N ratio) and shorter thallus lengths than those living in deeper waters. Some of these results may be an expression of photoacclimation, but the low antioxidant activity and total carotenoid concentration detected in plants living in shallow waters suggest that the photoprotective mechanisms of G. corneum may have failed to offset photodamage. If so, our findings support previous studies that suggest that recent changes in solar radiation are partially responsible for G. corneum declines. Nevertheless, given that the metabolic performance of macroalgae is determined by the inter‐play of irradiance with other factors, including temperature and nutrient availability, further research is needed to reach a better understanding of the factors causing stress in G. corneum.     

中国黄渤海真江蓠(Agarophyton vermiculophyllum)群体遗传多样性研究

真江蓠是原产于西北太平洋的重要经济红藻。我们利用10对微卫星引物检测中国黄渤海地区真江蓠的群体遗传多样性和结构。10个微卫星位点在12个群体中共检测到65个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因（N_a）为1~28,有效等位基因（N_e）为1.0~9.6。每个群体的平均等位基因（N_a）、平均有效等位基因（N_e）、平均香浓指数（I）、平均观察杂合度（H_o）和平均预期杂合度（H_e）分别为2.4、1.6、0.419、0.133和0.227,显示较低的群体遗传多样性。中国黄渤海12个真江蓠群体间遗传分化较大（F_st=0.398 7）,基因流有限（N_m=0.377 1）,近交系数为正（F_is=0.391 3,F_it=0.634 0）,表明可能存在近交和杂合子缺失现象。Structure和UPGMA系统进化分析一致将12个群体分为两个遗传组,并在黑石礁群体（HS）和石岛群体（SD）中发现明显的遗传混杂现象。AMOVA分析显示遗传变异主要来自于群体内（73.27%）。该研究可为黄渤海地区真江蓠自然资源保护和管理提供科学依据。     

鸭毛藻内生真菌Hypocreales sp.的化学成分研究

从采自大连近海的红藻鸭毛藻（Symphyocladia latiuscula）中分离到一株肉座菌目真菌（Hypocreales sp．）,对其发酵代谢产物的化学成分进行了研究。利用正相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、制备薄层层析（PTLC）以及重结晶等分离手段,并通过一维、二维核磁共振技术、质谱技术等从该菌发酵液中分离鉴定了10个化舍物：双酚A（1）;邻羟基苯甲酸（2）;吲哚甲酸（3）;吲哚乙酸（4）;N-乙酰色胺（5）;（22E,24R）-麦角甾-7,9,22三烯-3β-醇（6）;过氧化麦角甾醇（7）;（22E,24R）-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇（8）;（22E,24R）-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6β-甲氧基-3β,5α-二醇（9）;啤酒甾醇（10）。这些化合物均为首次从该菌中分离得到,其中化合物1为首次作为天然产物分离得到。     

The environmental adaptability and reproductive properties of invasive green alga Codium fragile from the Nan'ao Island,South China Sea

It has been widely recognized that biological invasion has become one of the greatest threats to the ecosystem.Codium fragile is an invasive species which exhibits a variety of attributes like parthenogenesis, winter fragment,and vegetative reproduction; and therefore, it has become a successful invader, colonizing most subtropical regions. In China’s southeast coastal aquaculture waters, the green algal bloom caused by C. fragile will probably become a serious problem. In order to understand mo...     

The genetic structure of the exotic ascidian Styela plicata (Tunicata) from Italian ports,with a re‐appraisal of its worldwide genetic pattern

The pleated ascidian Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823) is a solitary species commonly found in ports and marinas around the world. It has been recorded in the Mediterranean region since the mid‐19th century. In the present work, the species’ genetic diversity was analysed, employing a 613‐bp portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from 149 individuals collected in 14 ports along Italian coasts at spatial scales ranging from 1 to approximately 2200 km. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity values were h = 0–0.933 (total h = 0.789) and π = 0–0.145 (total π = 0.0094), respectively. A general southward trend of increasing within‐population genetic diversity was observed. Analysis of molecular variance revealed significant genetic structuring but no significant differences were detected among basins, and no isolation by distance was found. Our data were integrated with the COI sequences available from previous studies and re‐analysed in order to investigate the possible routes of introduction of this ascidian into the Mediterranean Sea. The presence of the two COI haplogroups detected in previous molecular investigations on S. plicata at intercontinental spatial scale was confirmed in the Mediterranean Sea. The results revealed multiple introductions of S. plicata, although some locations appear to have experienced rapid expansion from few founding individuals with reduced genetic diversity. However, continuous introductions would confound the pattern deriving from single founder events and make it difficult to estimate the time needed for gene diffusion into established populations. This mixing of effects creates difficulties in understanding the past and current dynamics of this introduction, and managing this alien invasive ascidian whose genetic structure is continuously shuffled by vessel‐mediated transport.     

日本仙菜来源内生真菌Aspergillus versicolorEN-298化学成分研究

从采自烟台养马岛的日本仙菜(Ceramium japonicum)中分离得到的一株内生真菌Aspergillus versicolor EN-298,对其次级代谢产物进行了系统研究,利用反相柱层析、正相柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20以及制备薄层层析(p TLC)等分离手段获得10个单体化合物。通过一维、二维核磁共振技术(1D、2D NMR)等鉴定了所有化合物的结构。并对分离得到的化合物进行了抑菌活性测试,其中化合物10对迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)表现出一定的抑制作用。     

海南莺歌海青木刚毛藻及其附生藻的研究——形态分类、形态建成及环境适应

Based on specimens collected in Yinggehai, Hainan, China from 2013 to 2016, a stable epiphytic taxon is found on the surface of the individual of marine green alga Cladophora aokii Yamada. According to the morphological characteristics, the taxonomy of Cl. aokii and its epiphytes is carried out. There are some epiphytes attached on Cl. aokii Yamada including Cl. fascicularis(Mertens ex C. Agardh) Kützing, Chaetomorpha pachynema(Montagne) Kützing, Ceramium camouii Dawson, Licmophora abbreviata Agardh, Lyngbya sp. and Chattonella sp.. The formation of the individual of Cl. aokii is dissected and explained, which can help to analyze the adaption in details among this species, its epiphytes and native marine environment. The results reveal the marine macroepiphytic taxonomy in Hainan, China, and preliminarily explain the adaptive relationship between macroalgae and environment.     

龙须菜UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因的克隆及其表达与琼胶产量的关系

对红藻龙须菜(Gracilarialei maneiformis)UDP葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UGPase)基因的表达与不同藻株中藻体琼胶产量之间的相关性进行研究。通过PCR扩增的方法得到了龙须菜UGPase的基因序列。该基因cDNA序列的全长为2 200 bp,开放阅读框1 485 bp,编码494个氨基酸;龙须菜UGPase基因的氨基酸序列与其它物种的UGPase氨基酸序列相似性较高;该基因是单拷贝的,缺乏内含子;具有特殊的加尾信号。利用荧光实时定量PCR的方法检测UGPase基因相对表达量。结果表明,该基因的表达与琼胶含量存在显著相关性,即在高琼胶组藻株中的表达量显著高于低琼胶组藻株,对琼胶含量高低具有指示作用,显示了在产业化应用中的潜能。     

豚鼠气单胞菌CB101中几丁质酶的纯化、鉴定及其基因克隆

豚鼠气单胞菌CB101在胶体几丁质诱导下产生多种分子量不同的几丁质酶,其中分子量最大的一个几丁质酶Chi1(约91.5kDa)的编码基因已经被克隆.本文报道从CB101发酵液经硫酸铵盐析,DEAE-纤维素柱层析和MonoQ离子交换柱层析,分离纯化出其中的一个分子量约为60KDa的几丁质酶.N端测序的结果表明该酶是Chi1剪缺掉N末端信号肽部分、C末端A区和两个几丁结合区的产物.构建了CB101基因组的cosm id文库,从中筛选到9个产几丁质酶的克隆子,克隆子分析表明它们包含的几丁质酶基因都是chi1.蛋白分离、纯化和基因克隆的实验都暗示CB101的几丁质酶系统只包含一个几丁质酶基因.     

地芽孢杆菌属DYth03 DNA聚合酶基因的克隆、表达及性质分析

从东太平洋热液区E53站位的深海沉积物样品中分离出1株能在65℃生长的嗜热菌（DYth03）.该菌的16S rDNA序列与地芽孢杆菌属（Geobacillus）内各种之间的同源性为98%以上.克隆得到DYth03的DNA聚合酶基因（DYth-pol）,序列分析表明该基因全长为2 631 bp,G＋C含量为55.5%,推测编码为876个氨基酸,与BstDNApolI的同源性最高（达98%）.将该聚合酶基因克隆到pTTQ-h表达载体上,并在大肠杆菌DH1中进行表达.对纯化到的表达产物进行酶活性测定,结果表明该酶具有聚合酶活性和5’-3’外切酶活性.     

Seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of females and offspring of red squat lobster,Pleuroncodes monodon (Decapoda,Munididae), from the Southeastern Pacific

Pleuroncodes monodon is an important fishery resource and key species from the Southeastern Pacific. During its prolonged reproductive period (from February to December), ovigerous females are exposed to seasonal variation in environmental factors (e.g. temperature and food availability), with higher levels of these environmental parameters during summer and lower in winter, and must adjust their biochemistry to ensure their own survival and that of their embryos. The aim of this study was to analyse seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of ovigerous females and their eggs. The data show that the content of lipids, proteins and organic matter in the hepatopancreases of females was significantly higher in winter than in summer. Similarly, the lipid content of the eggs was significantly higher in winter than in summer, yet the protein content of the eggs had the opposite pattern with greater values found in summer. Consistent with the ‘reproductive energetic model’, the initial and final energy produced by the hepatopancreas showed significant seasonal variations, whereas female investment in egg production (in absolute values) did not show significant seasonal differences. The seasonal differences observed in the biochemistry, organic matter and energy content of the female hepatopancreases may be related to the storage of energy for growth and reproduction. Furthermore, the seasonal variation in the content of lipids, proteins and energy in eggs is likely related to embryogenesis and larval hatching in function with environmental conditions. Seasonal variation in the biochemical composition of P. monodon has direct effects on the marine food web and also upon fisheries.     

Effects of the spread of the alga Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea on the sponge assemblage from coralligenous concretions of the Apulian coast (Ionian Sea, Italy)

The present work investigated the modifications induced by the spread of the green macroalga Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) on the sponge assemblage of Apulian coralligenous concretions (Ionian Sea – Torre Ovo, Italy). The study of qualitative and quantitative sponge composition was carried out before (2004) and after (2006) the spread of this invasive alga by means of traditional (quadrat scraping) and photographic sampling methods. Results indicate that the spread of the green alga is concomitant with a significant decrease in percentage sponge cover both on horizontal- and on vertical-oriented substrates. In addition, strong modifications to the structure of the community in terms of repartition of the available substrate have been observed since the algal spread. Conversely, no major changes have affected the specific composition of the sponge assemblage, suggesting that at this stage of colonization the algal spread has not produced a loss of sponge biodiversity. However, there is a clear need to monitor closely the C. racemosa invasion to verify its long-term impact on the sponge assemblage.     

石岛大鱼岛村潮间带大型底栖动物生态学研究

根据2008年8月至2009年5月4个季度月(夏、秋、冬、春季),对位于石岛大鱼岛村潮间带的高潮区(SD1站)、中潮区(SD2站)和低潮区(SD3站)所设的3个站进行的大型底栖动物生态调查并分析所获得的资料,采用Shannon-Wiener指数(H’)、物种丰富度指数(D)和物种均匀度指数(J)分析该潮间带不同潮区大型底栖动物的物种多样性。结果表明,石岛大鱼岛村潮间带大型底栖动物的总平均栖息密度、总平均生物量和总种数分别为397.7个/m2,99.874 g/m2和68种。3个潮带的平均密度(D)、平均生物量(B)和种数(S)的季节变化分别为:D冬季>D夏季>D秋季>D春季,B夏季>B冬季>B秋季>B春季,S冬季>S夏季>S秋季>S春季。多样性指数H’值大小顺序为低潮区>高潮区>中潮区,D值大小顺序为低潮区>中潮区>高潮区,J值大小顺序为高潮区>低潮区>中潮区;大鱼岛村潮间带物种多样性指数季节性变化不明显。