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地层学是地质科学中的一门奠基性的基础学科。20世纪60年代以来,胜利油田的地层学研究及其成果的应用,为胜利油田的油气地质综合研究和勘探开发实践作出了重大贡献。在胜利油田发现和勘探开发早期,地层的划分和对比,主要是应用微体古生物地层和岩石地层相结合的方法;随着国内外     

定量岩石地层学简介

岩石地层学是地层学中最主要的一个分支。定量岩石地层学乃是通过对组成地层的岩石(主要是沉积岩)的物理、化学等特性进行定量分析和处理,达到地层学研究的目的。定量岩石地层学采用多种适合于地层学研究的数学方法,对地层进行划分和对比,研究地层的岩性、岩相与古地理、古气候的关系,阐明沉积岩层(包括沉积矿产)的沉积规律、沉积环境,以及地层形成与构造环境的关系,最终为地质基础理论(特别是地层学)的发展和矿产资源的开发作出贡献。     

地质事件与高分辨率事件地层学

简要介绍了传统地层学的发展及其局限性,认为传统的生物地层学的相对低分辨率已不适应目前的生产、科研要求;阐述了高分辨率事件地层学的研究对象与研究内容,认为地质事件的广泛性、瞬时性与相对等时性是高分辨率事件地层学的存在基础。通过全方位地开发出地层记录中的各种事件信息,建立综合事件地层剖面和高分辨率事件地层信息数据库,有可能使地层划分对比的精度提高10-50倍。     

综合地层学的系统层次结构

本文在分析地层学各分支学科研究内容。出发点和相互关系的基础上，从系统科学观点出发阐述了综合地层学在研究地层体时空分布规律中以岩石地层学为基础，以沉积地层学、火山地层学、磁性地层学、构造地层学等为基本层次，以生物地层学、同位素年龄地层学、年代地层学为主导层次的系统结构特点。综合地层学就是要以这种系统结构为基本指导思想，最大限度地利用包括地层的岩石组合、化石、变形变质、物理化学属性和侵入地层中的岩脉及它们所反映的沉积与构造环境等各种地质资料解决地层问题。     

简评《江苏地区下扬子准地台震旦纪—三叠纪生物地层》

<正> 本书是江苏石油勘探局地质科学研究院和中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所编著,南京大学出版社出版。 本书应用生物地层学、岩石地层学、生态地层学、年代地层学等综合研究方法,阐明了江苏地区下扬子准地台地质发展史、古地理环境、古气候变迁、生物地理区系、海平面升降等问题,进一步深化了江苏及邻区地层学研究的精度,系统介绍地表地质和苏北井下地质的地层古生物新资料,提出震旦纪一三叠系碳酸盐岩为主的地层划分方案,论证了部分系、统、阶之间的界线,有助于下扬子区与我国其它地区及     

前寒武纪旋回地层学研究进展与展望

旋回地层学是利用已知的地球轨道天文周期, 对地层记录的周期性变化进行识别、解释的地层学新兴分支学科。在过去近30年, 旋回地层学研究取得了一系列重要进展, 对于认识地质历史时期的气候变化、重大地质事件的天文驱动、天文运行规律等诸多科学问题做出了重要贡献;同时, 基于此研究建立的天文年代标尺, 也成为一种新的高精度地质定年方法, 被应用于国际地质年代表的编制以及地表地质过程年代及持续时间的精确标定。然而, 全球旋回地层学研究主要集中在显生宙, 并以中、新生代最为详细。对于更早的占地球历史约7/8 的前寒武纪时期, 相关研究较少, 但一些新研究显示了可靠的天文沉积旋回可能存在的证据。因此, 前寒武纪有可能成为旋回地层学研究新的突破方向。中国华北克拉通北缘元古代地层沉积旋回非常发育, 具有开展旋回地层学研究的潜力。     

周口店上新世及更新世的古气候与地层

对北京猿人遗址的综合研究,确定了周口店的上新统及更新统在华北上新生界系统中的位置。从气候地层学原则研究这些地层的归属建立华北区晚新生代以来气候序列,无疑是解决我国新生代地质发展史及古气候史的重要途径。这项研究也将为广大平原,滨海及浅海利用钻孔研究地层提供对比依据。同时还为采用生物地层学原则及气候地层学原则划分同一地层找到了可以相互沟通的桥梁。     

全国地层工作与地层学研究新进展成果交流会在南京举行

由中国地质调查局和全国地层委员会共同主办的“全国地层工作与地层学研究新进展成果交流会”于2005年11月8日-10日在南京召开，来自国土资源部、中国科学院、高等院校、中石油、中石化、中海油、煤炭和出版等系统几十个单位的120余名代表出席了会议。     

全国地层委员会文件(地层委[2000]02号)全国地层工作和地层学发展规划纲要的建议

国土资源部、科学技术部、自然科学基金委员 会: 地层学是地质科学奠基性的基础学科,地层工作是地质工作的最基础工作,对地层进行研究能够不断提高基础地质的深度、广度、精度和水平,并能很好地为区域地质调查、矿产资源和地下水资源的勘查和开发,以及预测与防治地质灾害和保护生态环境、气候变迁趋势等服务.因此,加强地层的研究工作,编制地层工作和地层学发展规划,对提高我国地质科学水平和推动社会经济发展都具有重要意义.     

特约主编致读者

在油气勘探进入岩性隐蔽油气藏的今天,沉积学正发挥越来越重要的作用。当前,全球的油气勘探都面临开源的困难,针对现今油气勘探需要,在层序地层学及油气沉积地质方面亟需新的理论和方法支撑。近年来,有关层序地层学理论、研究方法及油气沉积地质方面的研究取得了较多进展。“层序地层学及油气沉积地质”专辑旨在介绍国内外研究现状和方法及国内目前开展的工作,以引起同行关注和兴趣,促进层序地层学及油气沉积地质的发展。     

多元统计分析在地质学中的应用——以惠州凹陷M层物源分析为例

以29口钻孔的重矿物百分含量数据来分析样本,通过Q型聚类分析、因子分析方法恢复不同物源体系的发育范围及其母岩类型,并以不同物源体系的边界范围为限定条件,结合ZTR指数及其等值线图,对珠江口盆地惠州凹陷M层物源特征进行了系统的研究。研究结果表明：研究区发育3大物源沉积区,分别为东北-北部物源沉积区、西北物源沉积区和东南物源沉积区,且各区重矿物组合特征明显,主次物源分明,整体表现为母岩类型复杂的特征。东北-北部沉积物主要母岩为酸性岩浆岩,次要母岩为变质岩和沉积岩,西北沉积物主要母岩为中性及基性岩浆岩,次要母岩为酸性岩浆岩和变质岩,东南沉积物主要母岩为中性及基性岩浆岩,次要母岩为变质岩。东北-北部物源区和西北物源区为远源沉积的产物,而东南物源区为近源沉积的产物。东北-北部物源区沉积物来自北方和东北方向,而西北物源区和东南物源区沉积物分别来自西北方向和东南方向。     

两种煤质分析指标的关联方程组研究

在综合分析大量文献资料的基础上，采用多元线性回归方法，利用MATLAB对大量煤质分析结果进行了回归分析，推导出了煤质元素分析与工业分析的关联方程组。新方法实现了由工业分析结果求元素分析成分的目的，具有重大的实用意义。     

An algorithm andFortran-iv program for large-scaleQ-mode factor analysis and calculation of factor scores

An algorithm andFortran-iv computer program,cabfac, forQ-mode factor analysis is described. The program will accept up to 1500 items and 50 variables on a moderate-size computer.     

Multivariate discriminant analysis of bioclastic turbidites

A piston core from the southern Blake Basin penetrated nine distinct bioclastic carbonate turbidites separated by pelagic terrigenous clay units. X-ray diffraction analysis of the carbonate mineralogy of the graded, laminated, and homogenous units of the individual turbidite units indicated a general loss of unstable carbonates in the homogenous unit beyond that contained in the lower two units. Univariate and multivariate statistical tests were employed to determine the significance of the changes and to determine if different units of a turbidite sequence could be consistently grouped by statistical methods. Principal components, discriminant function, and cluster analysis were used in the multivariate tests. The graded and laminated units were closely related in mineralogy with little significant differences. The mineralogy of the homogenous units was significantly different than that of the other two units except in one example. Cluster analysis generated five groupings of the samples with the end members consisting of graded and laminated units at one end and homogenous units at the other.     

On the use of Bayesian networks as a meta-modelling approach to analyse uncertainties in slope stability analysis

In this paper, we report on the use of Bayesian networks, BNs, learnt from data generated by physical and numerical models, to overcome to a certain degree a number of complications in traditional slope stability analyses that jointly consider the mechanical and hydraulic properties of soils. Discrete Bayesian networks resulted to be useful and efficient to acquire knowledge from simulated data and to identify significant factors by the combined use of backward inference and global sensitivity analysis. Further, BNs enable decision thresholds to be estimated quickly. Along with this, backward inference and global sensitivity analysis are performed in BNs at low computation costs. Moreover, under conditions in which knowledge is scarce, we show how a practitioner can be better informed using the proposed approach. All these previously under-reported modelling features in the specialised literature encourage the further application of the proposed approach to enhance slope stability analysis.     

A形塔结构矩阵分析与应力测试

以有限元结构矩阵分析为理论基础，结合应力应变测试和现场实际使用情况，利用计算机结构分析程序，对ＺＴ－Ａ系列三个不同高度钻塔的天梁、塔腿和绷绳做了结构应力分析，弄清了Ａ形塔在承受垂直荷载、水平荷载以及偏载条件下，组成钻塔的各构件的荷载及应力分布；对钻塔设计提出了改进意见；并从整体角度分析了绷绳的作用；对在不同荷载条件下有无绷绳时钻塔的结构应力从量上做了对比；最后提出了应当如何布置提升系统才会使钻塔处     

Undrained limiting pressure behind soil gaps in contiguous pile walls

Finite element limit analysis with plane strain condition is employed to determine the upper and lower bound solutions of the undrained limiting pressure behind soil gaps and the lateral force acting on a pile per unit length in a contiguous pile wall. Computed bound solutions confirm serious limitations of existing studies in predicting these two solutions. Predicted failure mechanisms and the arching effect behind soil gaps are discussed. A closed-form equation of the limiting pressure factor is proposed for a convenient and accurate prediction of the lateral force acting on a pile in contiguous pile walls in practice.     

Efficiency of local polynomials in contour mapping

On the basis of samples taken from a known topographic surface, the parameters of two types of linear models are estimated. The first category is defined by polynomials or trigonometric functions, whose parameters are simultaneously computed from available data. In the second category a set of local centers is defined, and in the neighborhood of each center a fixed-degree polynomial is developed. An approximative resemblance index is calculated, and contour maps corresponding to various models are compared with the topographic map. It is found that with an increasing number of grid points, maps of local polynomials are converging both in continuity and in resemblance. For a sufficient number of grid points, this resemblance is always higher than those produced by models of the first category.     

Dynamic models of geomorphological patterns

A deformation mechanism is described and analyzed. It is intended for height patterns exposed to erosion and tectonic activity. A simulation experiment is carried out for this model. Closedform expressions are derived for the covariance field, the properties of spectral estimates, and for the optimal retrospective reconstruction of earlier, unknown height patterns. For obvious reasons the author is in no position to make claims about the verisimilitude of the model. It is offered as an example of a potential application to geology of the theory of patterns developed by the author and his coworkers in recent years. It is hoped that those more qualified than the author in the subject matter area can extend and modify the analysis to make it closer to geological reality. supported by NSF grant GJ-3100X.     

The Biodiversity of Shrimp Genus Artemia from Russian Lakes:Morphometric,Cytogenetics and DNA-analysis

正Shrimps of genus Artemia are the inhabitants of continental and marine waters with salinity of 70 to 350 g/l and above.Artemia is able to survive in the conditions in which other animals cannot exist.This is due to adaptations:effective osmoregulation system,the ability to synthesize of respiratory pigment(hemoglobin)and diapauses cysts(Litvinenko at.al.,2009).Cysts of this