噪声辅助EMD方法提取多路径误差模型分析

经验模态分解(EMD)方法处理间断性信号时存在模态混叠问题,使分解结果失去物理意义。本文从理论分析和实测数据的EMD分解结果两个方面,论述了多路径误差中不可避免的存在间断性的分量。针对该问题,介绍了集合平均经验模态分解(EEMD)方法借助噪声来减弱模态混叠的思路与流程,并连续两天实测GPS数据的单历元定位坐标序列,分别用EEMD和EMD方法消除随机噪声,提取多路径重复性改正模型,结果表明,EEMD方法的效果优于EMD方法。     

惯性导航EEMD区间阈值降噪方法

陀螺随机误差是影响惯性导航系统精度的主要因素。在经验模态分解（EMD）和阈值降噪的基础上,提出一种基于集合经验模态分解（EEMD）的区间阈值的陀螺信号降噪方法。该方法利用EEMD方法将陀螺信号分解多个本征模态函数（IMF）分量和1个残余分量,基于信号和IMF分量的概率密度函数的2范数距离方法剔除纯噪声IMF分量,利用改进的区间阈值降噪方法实现信号的降噪。仿真和实测试验表明,该方法不仅能有效抑制EMD中的模态混叠问题,而且能有效削弱陀螺的随机误差,从而提高惯性导航系统的精度和可靠性。     

基于改进HHT理论的大型桥梁动态特性分析

针对Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)中原经验模态分解法在信号存在中断时出现模态混叠问题,研究了利用噪声辅助的分解方法——总体平均经验模态分解法(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)的分解过程及其噪声控制。将此改进的分解方法结合随机减量技术获取振动信号的自由衰减响应,为进一步的Hilbert变换识别模态参数提供有效数据。将该方法结合武汉白沙洲长江大桥GPS实测数据进行了模态识别,结果表明,利用噪声辅助的总体平均经验模态分解法(EEMD)能够有效地克服分解过程中的模态混叠现象,使桥梁模态清晰地分解开来。     

三种GNSS高程时序降噪方法的效果对比分析

为了探究经验模态分解(EMD)、整体经验模态分解(EEMD)和小波降噪三种方法的降噪性能,以中国区6个国际GNSS服务(IGS)站高程分量的5?a、10?a和20?a时序数据为例,对它们的降噪结果进行比较分析.?首先利用线性拟合分离趋势项,并采用3σ准则剔除异常值,得到满足符合降噪要求的样本序列;然后分别用这三种方法分...     

EMD-IVMD方法在验潮站水位序列降噪中的应用

针对验潮站水位变化序列非线性、非平稳特点，采用一种基于优化参数的变分模态分解和经验模态分解相结合的降噪方法。该方法先经过EMD分解原始信号后，得到低频和高频信号两个部分，再采用IVMD方法处理高频噪声部分，最后将两部分有效低频信号重构作为最终降噪信号。采用1组模拟数据和4个验潮站实测水位序列数据进行实验，并采用信噪比和均方根误差评价降噪效果，结果表明，EMD-IVMD方法明显优于EEMD和传统的EMD方法，该方法在信噪比精度指标上分别提升1.67%和1.52%,在均方根误差精度指标上分别提升9.59%和13.51%,验证该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

联合EMD-HD和小波分解的GNSS坐标时间序列降噪分析EI北大核心CSCD

针对经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)在GNSS坐标时间序列的降噪过程中存在筛选准则的选取和模态混叠效应等问题,本文引入Hausdorff距离(Hausdorff distance,HD)筛选准则并结合小波分解(wavelet decomposition,WD),提出EMD-HD&WD算法。通过对我国大陆构造环境监测网络149个GNSS测站的垂向坐标时间序列降噪处理,分别利用复合指标T值、测站的速度不确定度和闪烁噪声振幅验证算法的可靠性和普适性。结果显示:HD优于现有的筛选准则;EMD-HD&WD算法对测站的速度不确定度和闪烁噪声振幅的平均改正率均为88.4%。分析表明,本文算法能够有效识别和剔除噪声并且改善EMD的模态混叠效应,提高GNSS垂向坐标时间序列的模型精度。     

基于EMD-LSTM耦合预测模型的BDS多路径误差削弱方法研究

北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)在短基线测量中存在的多路径误差是影响定位精度的主要误差项.针对多路径误差的非线性以及坐标序列的非平稳特性,拟采用经验模态分解(EMD)与长短期记忆网络(LSTM)结合的方法,构建EMD-LSTM耦合预测模型,对多路径误差进行预测,削弱多路径误差的影响.实验结果表明,EMD-LSTM耦合预测模型能够有效地削弱了多路径误差影响,E、N、U方向精度分别提高了22%、36%、40%.     

利用白噪声分解特征的EEMD阈值降噪方法

经验模态分解算法基于待分解数据本身,避免了小波分解时选取合适小波基函数的困难,具有自适应性。然而传统的经验模态分解降噪是一种强制降噪算法,容易将高频部分的有用信号与噪声一起滤除,从而造成信号失真。针对该问题,在分析白噪声EMD分解特性的基础上,提出了一种EEMD阈值降噪法。利用4组具有不同频谱特征的仿真数据,证明了该算法优于传统的EMD强制降噪法;在消除随机噪声的同时,能够有效保留信号中的高频细节分量,从而缓解了信号的失真。     

动态变形数据的EMD卡尔曼滤波降噪模型

文章介绍了kalman滤波与经验模态分解的基本原理,定义了经验模态分解的多尺度分解与合成结构。结合kalman滤波与经验模态分解(EMD)理论提出一种新的动态变形数据降噪模型。文章首先对动态变形信号进行EMD分解,选择合适的高频分解模量进行kalman滤波降噪,然后进行经验模态重构获得降噪后的动态变形信号,达到降噪的效果;最后采用单历元解算的变形数据序列进行模型验证,并与小波降噪模型、直接EMD降噪模型对比,视觉评价与量化结果表明此方法最优。     

基于CEEMD的GPS信号去噪

GPS信号在发送过程中会受到多种误差源的影响,例如星历误差、卫星钟差、电离层对流层延迟、接收机钟差等。这些误差附加在GPS信号上使其与真实信号产生一定偏差,也使GPS信号最终的应用结果产生一定程度上的偏差,这对于科研与日常使用是非常不利的,所以对GPS信号进行去噪处理是十分必要的。互补集合经验模态分解(Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,CEEMD)为近几年出现的新的数据处理方法。它由集合经验模态分解(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD)改进而来,不仅保留了经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)在处理非平稳信号方面的优点,又完善了EMD的模态混叠问题,且计算结果表明CEEMD去噪效果优于EMD和EEMD。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。