高精度数字高程模型的构建方法研究

在分析构建数字高程模型优缺点和Hutchinson算法特点的基础上,探讨运用GIS和遥感软件生产高精度格网DEM的构建方法,并从软件构建方法、软件运行时间效率、格网DEM构建精度等方面进行分析比较,同时运用对比分析法对构建DEM的精度进行评价分析,得出利用ArcGIS中Topogridtool法是目前常用遥感和GIS软件中构建高精度格网DEM的最优方法,然后将该方法实际运用到玛尔挡地区,构建出该区域的高精度数字高程模型,该方法的运用在山地区域的建模误差最小、效果较好,为今后构建高精度数字高程模型提供一种更为精确和合理的方法。     

规则格网DEM格网点位移重采样方法探讨

关于规则格网DEM数据的裁切范围,有以DEM格网角点为起算点的裁切公式,也有以DEM格网中心点为起算点的裁切公式。基于最邻近法、双线性内插法、三次卷积内插法,论述DEM数据成果在2种裁切方法之间转换的精度及有关问题。     

正六边形规则格网表达的DEM谷地线提取

基于规则格网DEM谷地线提取受格网的几何形态、空间剖分和网格布局影响较大.传统的四边形格网D8 算法中,四边形网格的角邻域与边邻域存在的距离度量差异,影响了其计算结果对于地形变化的表达在两方向上的均衡性,从而影响了谷地线提取结果.六边形格网具有邻域一致、各向同性、紧凑、采样率高等优点,在空间场建模中越来越得到重用.本文旨在探求六边形格网结构在DEM谷地线提取中的性能特征,发现其与四边形格网比较的突出优势.基于六邻域处理单元,对六边形格网DEM谷地线提取过程中填洼、流向计算及平地区域流向判定作预处理,然后对流向线作拓扑连通组织,从而实现基于六边形DEM的谷地线提取.本文比较发现六边形方法在谷地线形状特征保持方面能力强,随着分辨率减小,六边形DEM所提取的谷地线与实测数据吻合程度高,弯曲特征继承性强.同时,在相同数据存储量条件下,六边形DEM数据精度更高,且其提取的谷地线网络的形状特征更为精细.     

规则格网DEM地形表面重构的形态精度研究

规则格网 DEM 是数字地形模拟的主要数据结构,以黄土丘陵地区1:50000规则格网 DEM数据为例,分析研究双线性内插模型和三次卷积内插模型在规则格网 DEM 地形表面重构中的形态精度问题。结果表明,不同内插模型构建的细小格网 DEM,在高程数值精度方面没有显著差异,但对局部地形的形态精度具有显著的影响,且双线性内插模型和三次卷积内插模型都难以实现形态高保真 DEM 地形表面重构;随着 DEM 应用的深入,非常有必要构建一些科学合理、简洁高效的形态高保真 DEM 地形表面重构模型。     

DEM线性建模过程中的高程误差传播

在建立数字高程模型(DEM)时,基于规则格网数据和基于三角形网数据的线性建模是常用的方法。在建模过程中,结点的高程误差会随之传播。研究了DEM在基于规则格网数据和基于三角形网数据的线性建模过程中的高程误差传播问题,推导出了在结点高程误差相关情形下的高程误差传播公式,求出了在规则格网和不规则格网面上的平均高程传播误差。平均高程传播误差可以作为DEM线性插值过程中高程误差传播的度量指标。     

DEM线性建模过程中的高程误差传播

在建立数字高程模型(DEM)时,基于规则格网数据和基于三角形网数据的线性建模是常用的方法.在建模过程中,结点的高程误差会随之传播.研究了DEM在基于规则格网数据和基于三角形网数据的线性建模过程中的高程误差传播问题,推导出了在结点高程误差相关情形下的高程误差传播公式,求出了在规则格网和不规则格网面上的平均高程传播误差.平均高程传播误差可以作为DEM线性插值过程中高程误差传播的度量指标.     

ADS40/80影像数据在数字城市框架数据建设中的应用

在"数字城市"建设中,利用ADS40/80数字影像通过像素工厂和Virtuo Zo全数字摄影测量工作站进行DOM、DEM、DLG数据成果制作。简要介绍ADS40/80像机及其特点,重点探讨利用ADS40/80数据制作DOM、DEM和DLG的作业流程及方法。     

基于多点的规则格网DEM的传递误差分析

论述了利用数量不同的格网数据构建的样条函数DEM模型和Coons曲面DEM模型的传递误差不同,指出同一插值方法的DEM模型随着构建模型所用的格网数据数目的增多,传递误差增大;当格网数据数目同样多时,减弱相邻格网单元上格网数据权重比例,传递误差就会相应地减少。     

规则格网DEM内插精度与效率分析

规则格网DEM是DEM的主要表示方式，应用最为广泛，影响DEM质量的关键因素便是内插过程，包括内插精度和效率两个方面。现有的诸多规则格网DEM内插方法基本都不能兼顾内插精度和效率，很大程度上制约了DEM的生产。本文在分析已有方法的基础上，提出了基于Delaunay冲突区域搜索策略的TIN内插规则格网DEM方法，并以实验对该方法进行验证和分析。实验结果表明文中所提方法对规则格网DEM内插精度与效率行之有效。     

基于多点的规则格网DEM的传递误差分析

论述了利用数量不同的格网数据构建的样条函数DEM模型和Coons曲面DEM模型的传递误差不同,指出同一插值方法的DEM模型随着构建模型所用的格网数据数目的增多,传递误差增大;当格网数据数目同样多时,减弱相邻格网单元上格网数据权重比例,传递误差就会相应地减少。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.