地下管线惯性定位仪在非开挖地下管线竣工测量中的应用

地下管线是城市的重要基础设施。非开挖地下管线竣工测量大多难以进行,精确测量更是缺少技术手段,因此这类管线的竣工资料非常缺乏。本文着重阐述和分析惯性定位技术探测非开挖地下管线的技术原理、施工方法、及技术特点。此外,还利用惯性定位仪的重复性测试和全站仪实测验证,证明了该仪器测得的数据准确、可靠。     

浅析开展惯性定位仪校准的重要性和可行性

惯性定位仪正广泛应用于城市非开挖管线测量中,其校准和管理尚处于无规程和无监管状态。建议政府部门加强对惯性定位仪定期校准监管,确保非开挖管线测绘成果的质量,并阐述了开展惯性定位仪校准的可行性。     

惯性陀螺仪技术在非开挖超埋深地下管线探测中的优势与应用

地下管线属于隐蔽工程,由于受环境、材质、埋深等影响,现有管线探测技术很难得到较高的测量精度。随着城市基建的开发,非开挖技术、超长、小管径、超埋深等管线越来越多,传统的物探方法如管线仪、探地雷达等对该类管线探测显得无能为力,无法得到精确的空间位置。本文针对该类管线探测现有技术难题,从惯性陀螺仪原理和技术为出发点,通过实验分析、方法测量、结果对比及工程实例验证惯性陀螺仪技术在非开挖超埋深管线的探测中具有较好的探测效果,且其探测精度高,不受外界干扰影响,该方法为城市非开挖超埋深管线探测提供一种可行有效的探测依据。     

非开挖管线精细探测方法分析

地下管线精细探测为在常规地下管线探测的基础上,针对工程建设中的重点区域、重点管线、疑难管线、特殊管线采用专门的仪器和方法,通过高质量、高密度或高精度的探测,为设计、施工提供更准确更详细的地下管线现状成果。其中非开挖管线的精细探测是重中之重且一直是业内难题。文中通过应用实例,验证了里奇SR-20结合微型示踪探头以及结合惯性陀螺仪定位技术在非开挖管线精细探测中的精确性和可靠性,根据场地条件和管线深度在这两种方法中进行选择,实现对非开挖管线的精细探测。     

惯性陀螺仪在非开挖施工管线定位测量中的应用

近年来,在城市管线敷设过程中,大量运用了非开挖施工技术。此类管线埋藏深,难以测定其准确位置,增加了后期交叉管线施工的安全风险。为了解决该类管线的定位问题,本文着重介绍了惯性陀螺仪在非开挖施工管线定位测量中的应用,并将其与导向仪进行了对比分析。通过实例,验证了惯性陀螺仪定位技术在非开挖施工管线定位测量中的可行性,并且有着其他测量技术不可比拟的优势。     

惯性陀螺仪在非开挖施工管线定位测量中的应用

近年来,城市管线敷设过程大量运用了非开挖施工技术。此类管线埋藏深,难以测定其准确位置,增加了后期交叉管线施工的安全风险。为了解决该类管线的定位问题,本文着重介绍了惯性陀螺仪在非开挖施工管线定位测量中的应用,并将其与导向仪进行了对比分析。通过实例,验证了惯性陀螺仪定位技术在非开挖施工管线定位测量中的可行性,并且有着其他测量技术不可比拟的优势。     

陀螺惯性定位技术在非开挖深埋管线探测中的研究与应用

准确、完善的地下管线信息是工程建设前期的一项重要内容,非开挖深埋地下管线精确探测至今仍是困扰管线探测界的一大难题,也是保障工程安全施工的重要手段。本文针对建设场地及市政工程管线详查的特殊性,创新性地将陀螺惯性定位技术应用于非开挖深埋管线的探测。通过与全站仪的对比试验,验证了该方法的精确可靠性,且将其运用到相关的工程实例中,取得了良好的效果,为建设场地及市政工程建设的设计、迁改、施工的顺利开展提供了重要依据和基础资料。     

非开挖施工管道探测方法研究

在城市中,非开挖方法极大的便利了管道的施工,而常规管线探测方法已不能满足非开挖施工管道定位及定深要求。本文采用频率域电磁法、高密度电法、瞬变电磁法3种物探技术探测了非开挖敷设的超深天然气管线,通过对3种方法探测数据进行反演解释,综合确定了该非开挖施工管道的走向及埋深,和现场一处探测点的开挖结果相符。     

非开挖城市燃气管线测量实践与研究

随着我国城市建设的发展,地下管线的敷设方法更多采用了非开挖技术,管线材质也越来越多样,隐蔽管线工程的测量工作也越来越复杂。本文通过珠海城市燃气管线工程测量实践,总结经验,为隐蔽城市地下管线探测提供参考。     

综合物探方法在非开挖工艺敷设地下管线探测中的应用

非开挖技术的出现极大地促进了城市管网的建设,在很大程度上弥补了传统的歼挖施工方法的不足.但是,非开挖工艺敷设的地下管线大多数集中了管线探测的难点,这给城市地下管线的探测提出新的挑战.采用综合物探方法.结合工程实例对非开挖敷设的地下管线的探测方法进行分析与研究,具有一定的借鉴意义.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。