一种城市高大地物阴影检测方法

针对水体、偏蓝色地物会影响阴影检测精度这一问题,该文提出了一种基于WorldView-2影像的城市高大地物阴影检测方法。首先,在统计分析阴影及典型地物光谱值的基础上,对C1C2C3色彩不变空间中的C3分量利用直方图阈值法分割阴影区域和非阴影区域,分离后的阴影区域中包含了绿色植被信息;然后,利用多波段运算提取植被信息;其次,对最初的阴影植被混合区域和植被区域做逻辑差运算,得到目标阴影区域;最后,对阴影提取结果进行小区域去除和形态学滤波等后处理。实验结果表明,该方法针对WorldView-2影像具有普适性,能够有效避免水体、偏蓝色地物的影响,能够精确、快速地检测阴影区域。     

基于多特征的GF-1影像阴影检测研究

针对高分影像阴影检测精度易受水体、偏蓝色地物影响的问题,结合GF-1影像自身特点,提出一种集主成分变换、图像特征计算、逻辑非运算和形态学闭运算于一体的阴影检测方法。对GF-1影像多光谱数据、全色数据进行正射校正和信息融合,可实现光谱与分辨率信息的最大化利用,并最大程度地突出阴影信息,增大阴影与其他地物的差异。其次,建立基于主成分变换的阴影检测方法 PC1/NIR和图像特征计算Rg_nir,得到初始阴影信息和水体信息;用初始阴影信息与水体信息作逻辑非运算,剔除水体,并利用形态学闭运算使得阴影区域更加连续、饱满。实验表明,该方法既能准确地检测出GF-1影像中的阴影信息,又能有效削弱水体、偏蓝色等地物的影响。     

面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像阴影提取方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像阴影提取的问题,通过分析影像主成分变换和HIS变换的特征,提出了一种面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像阴影提取方法:首先,使用mean shift分割方法进行影像去噪和平滑;然后,结合主成分变换和HIS变换形成了一种阴影检测指数(SDI);最后,通过阈值分割提取阴影信息。选取两景影像进行了阴影提取实验。实验结果表明,SDI能有效地区分阴影与建筑物、水体、蓝色地物、植被等非阴影地物;另外,mean shift分割能有效地去除结果中斑点噪声的影响,提高阴影检测精度。     

基于QuickBird影像的城市高大地物阴影检测方法

针对利用高分辨率遥感影像检测阴影时受水体和偏蓝色地物影像的影响问题,提出了一种主成分变换和多波段运算相结合的阴影检测方法。首先,统计、分析了Quick Bird影像中阴影、水体及建筑物等典型地物的光谱特征;然后,基于主成分变换和多波段运算相结合的方法识别阴影区域和非阴影区域,并利用多峰直方图阈值算法对阴影进行自动检测;最后,利用形态学滤波算法对检测结果进行后处理。实验结果表明,该方法对Quick Bird影像中的阴影提取具有较高的精度、效率和普适性。     

基于GF-1遥感数据的城市水体信息提取方法研究

水体信息的高精度提取是水资源监测、调查与管理等研究领域的关键问题。本文选取国产GF-1卫星影像作为数据源,根据影像中典型地物光谱特征采用归一化水体指数法(NDWI)、多波段谱间关系法对研究区进行了水体提取,并通过结果分析提出了基于主成分分析与多尺度分割技术的综合水体信息提取方法。对以上4种方法进行对比分析,验证结果表明:归一化水体指数法易受阴影信息影响;改进的多波段谱间关系法能较为完整地提取水体信息,但受小范围阴影信息影响;主成分分析综合法总体精度较高;多尺度分割提取法能有效地分离水体信息与非水体信息,水体信息提取的效果最佳。     

顾及地物空间关系的卫星影像水系信息提取

为了更好地提取影像阴影部分的信息,本文采用一种顾及地物间空间关系的水系提取方法,将地物之间的空间关系与面向对象的方法相结合。通过多尺度分割算法生成同质的影像对象,利用决策树、隶属度函数和阴影与建筑物的邻接关系对水体进行提取。以昆明某区域影像为实验数据进行了试验,试验结果表明,所提出的方法可以有效解决阴影对水系提取造成的影响,大大提高了水系提取的精度。     

顾及地物空间关系的卫星影像水系信息提取

为了更好地提取影像阴影部分的信息,本文采用一种顾及地物间空间关系的水系提取方法,将地物之间的空间关系与面向对象的方法相结合。通过多尺度分割算法生成同质的影像对象,利用决策树、隶属度函数和阴影与建筑物的邻接关系对水体进行提取。以昆明某区域影像为实验数据进行了试验,试验结果表明,所提出的方法可以有效解决阴影对水系提取造成的影响,大大提高了水系提取的精度。     

资源三号卫星高分影像的城市建筑物阴影提取

针对城市高分影像中普遍存在的建筑物阴影严重影响了高分影像的处理和应用问题,该文通过对资源三号卫星(ZY-3)各波段的影像特征进行分析,分别采用基于直方图的阈值分割法、基于主成分变换和HIS变换集成法对阴影提取并对比分析,在此基础上提出了一种基于谱间关系的阴影提取模型。实验结果表明,该文提出的方法能够较好地区分ZY-3影像中的阴影和偏蓝色地物及水体,能够准确地提取城市高大地物阴影。     

基于HSI色彩空间的资源三号影像阴影检测

由于遥感影像上某些区域的光照辐射不足,不可避免地会产生阴影,阴影意味着图像信息的损失,而遥感影像的阴影检测在地物的识别和影像匹配方面具有重要意义。本文主要介绍的是基于HIS色彩空间的阴影检测方法,在检测过程中,根据阴影高色调低亮度的特性,结合大津法计算比值图像最佳阈值进行遥感影像阴影检测,并且在RGB色彩空间计算G分量的最佳阈值来排除树木植被和一些非阴影区域对阴影检测的影响。同时采用国产高分辨遥感卫星——资源三号的同一地区不同季节和不同太阳高度角的遥感数据进行阴影的对比检测。实验结果表明:本文基于HIS色彩空间的阴影检测方法可以快速有效地检测出影像上的阴影,并且能区分树木、河流等暗色物体。     

Worldview-Ⅱ遥感影像的阴影检测方法研究

针对HIS空间变换阴影检测方法仅利用三原色波段数据进行阴影检测而未考虑影像数据之间的相关性及冗余度这一问题,该文结合最佳指数法提出一种适用于多光谱的Worldview-Ⅱ遥感卫星影像阴影检测方法,并引进归一化水体差异指数剔除掉水体的干扰,构建出适用于阴影检测的波段指数模型。实验结果表明,该方法针对Worldview-Ⅱ影像具有普适性,且相对于利用三原色数据进行阴影检测方法能更有效地避免植被信息的干扰,能够精确、快速地检测阴影区域,对后期的阴影去除等研究具有重要的参考价值。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。