北仑河口国家级自然保护区的老鼠筋群落

北仑河口国家级自然保护区位于我国大陆海岸的西南端，东南临北部湾，西南与越南相邻。现有红树林面积约1131hm^2，主要群落可划分为8个群系、14个群落类型。红树植物种类有14种，其中真红树有10种，半红树有4种。     

福建红树植物卤蕨的记述

近年来,作者在进行海岸植物调查研究中,于1985年在我省龙海、漳浦发现红树植物一新种厦门老鼠簕(Acanthus xiamenensis R.T.Zhang),1989年又在我省云霄县采到红树植物卤蕨(Acrostichum aureum L.)(图1)。这样,福建红树植物由原来记载的7种,增加到9种。这里值得指出的是倪正泉等(1987)。在《福建水产》发表了“福建海岸红树林的种类和分布”一文中,报道了福建红树植物有10种,但其中小花老鼠簕(Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl.)属于植物鉴定上的错     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯污染对老鼠簕幼苗抗逆性生理特性的影响

以红树植物老鼠簕作为实验材料,通过模拟海水实验,研究了不同质量浓度(0、1、2、5、10、20mg/L)的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)污染暴露对老鼠簕幼苗叶绿素含量、比值及抗氧化酶系统(SOD,POD,CAT)等生理指标的影响。结果表明:(1)当DBP浓度为5mg/L时,DBP污染对老鼠簕幼苗叶绿素含量具有一定促进作用,其余浓度DBP污染均会使老鼠簕幼苗叶绿素含量显著下降; DBP污染对老鼠簕幼苗叶绿素a/b比值基本无影响;(2)随着DBP浓度升高,老鼠簕幼苗抗氧化酶活性均呈现先上升后下降的变化。说明DBP污染会导致老鼠簕幼苗叶片衰老;低浓度DBP暴露(≤10mg/L)可以诱导老鼠簕幼苗抗氧化酶系统活性增加,并保持一定时间细胞内活性氧平衡,高浓度DBP暴露(10mg/L)会对老鼠簕幼苗的抗氧化酶系统产生不可逆的损伤。研究结果也为红树林湿地的保护,DBP的生态风险评价及污染控制提供了科学参考。     

泉州湾桐花树和老鼠簕根际土壤细菌和真菌群落特征比较

红树植物根际土壤微生物对近海生物地球化学循环及其生物多样性等起着重要作用,受地上部和土壤性质影响,两种不同药用红树植物桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）和老鼠簕（Acanthus ilicifolius）根际土壤微生物群落组成可能存在独特性。本研究分别以细菌 16S rRNA基因和真菌ITS 基因为分子标记,采用高通量测序技术分析比较了桐花树和老鼠簕根际土壤微生物多样性特征及其与土壤理化性质之间的关系。结果表明：①老鼠簕根际土壤细菌和真菌多样性与丰富度均显著高于桐花树,且两者之间的细菌和真菌组成皆存在明显差异（P<0.05）;②两者根际土壤细菌和真菌门和属的优势（大于1%）物种组成皆相似;在门水平,桐花树根际土壤主要优势物种变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和未分类门（unclassified_k_Fungi）的相对丰度显著高于老鼠簕,而拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、脱硫杆菌门（Desulfobacterota）、子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）则相反;在属水平,桐花树的主要优势物种硝化螺菌属（Nitrospira）和Denitromonas属的相对丰度显著高于老鼠簕,而枝孢菌属（Cladosporium）和囊状担子菌属（Cystofilobasidium）则相反;③桐花树根际土壤pH、总碳和总酚含量皆显著高于老鼠簕,pH和总酚显著影响细菌群落组成,而总碳和总硫则显著影响真菌群落组成;此外,pH、总碳和总氮是影响细菌物种的主要因素,而总酚、pH和总碳是影响真菌物种的主要因素。本研究揭示了桐花树和老鼠簕根际土壤细菌和真菌多样性存在明显差异并与土壤理化性质密切相关,可为今后从不同红树物种所具备的独特功能根际微生物菌群来开发相关资源及保护近海的生态环境提供新的视角。     

深圳湾红树林老鼠簕灌丛的光合固碳及其影响因子

红树林(Mangroves)是生长在热带和亚热带海岸潮间带的木本植物群落。老鼠簕(Acanthus ilicifolius)是我国红树林林下灌丛的主要物种,是林下植被碳库的主要构成成分。本研究选取深圳福田红树林区的林下、林窗、林缘和光滩等不同生境下自然生长的老鼠簕植株,测定植株生物量和光合特性等相关指标。研究表明,林窗生境下的老鼠簕植株的光合能力、光合固碳速率和地上生物量累积均达到最大;林下生境最不利于老鼠簕植株固碳;光滩的老鼠簕植株具有较高的地下生物量累积,但由于其蒸腾速率高、水分利用率低下,其固碳较低。光照强度是决定不同生境老鼠簕植株固碳的关键因子。在未来我国红树林造林中,老鼠簕可作为林下植被构建,以提高红树林生物量总碳库,但最适宜老鼠簕固碳的光照约为40%~80%。本文研究结果将为红树林造林实践中的物种选择和林分构建提供理论参考。     

海南三亚铁炉港红树林资源现状与保护

海南三亚铁炉港红树林资源相对较典型和丰富,有真红树植物8科9属13种、半红树植物6科6属6种以及红树林伴生植物6科6属6种。白骨壤群落、正红树群落、榄李群落和木果楝群落等为该区4个主要类型。随着铁炉港地区的不断开发,红树林面积急剧减少,生境受到极大威胁。目前,该区红树林正处于濒危状态,亟须有关部门采取措施加以保护。     

海南省红树林自然保护区红树林资源现状

于2009年6—7月,采用对卫星影像图的分析和解译与实地样方、样线调查相结合的方法,对海南省红树林自然保护区红树林分布、红树植物种类及红树植物群系进行了调查,红树林保护区共有真红树植物11科24种,有半红树植物10科12种,常见的优势种类主要有白骨壤、桐花树、红海榄、角果木、秋茄、海莲和榄李等。主要群落类型有白骨壤群落、红海榄群落、桐花树群落、木榄群落、角果木群落、正红树群落、海莲群落、榄李群落、杯萼海桑群落。文章简介了海南省保护区红树林引种修复现状,指出红树林具有重要的生态、社会与经济价值,对海南省社会经济可持续发展十分重要,红树林资源受到开发活动的影响而引起各级政府重视,因此红树林得到了更多的保护,退塘还林、植树造林工作有序开展。     

广西沿海不同演替阶段红树群落沉积物粒度分布特征

沉积物粒度分布是影响红树群落演替的重要因素之一。本文对代表广西红树群落演替趋势的白骨壤(Avicennia marina)、秋茄(Kandelia candel)、木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)3种红树群落沉积物进行了粒度分析。结果表明:3种红树群落沉积物类型均以砂和粉砂为主,随着红树林群落保存状况的逐渐变差,砂的含量逐渐上升,粉砂和黏土含量逐渐下降;沉积物粒径分布趋势均为砂粉砂黏土砾。木榄和秋茄2个群落底床沉积物不同深度沉积物粒径分布规律一致,但与白骨壤群落存在差异;3种红树群落的沉积物粒度频率曲线均呈现为双峰或多峰形态。     

我国的红树林保护区

红树林资源是一种特殊的森林资源,它包括红树林生态系及相关的土壤、海水、底栖动物、鸟类和红树植物。我国现有红树植物37种,自然分布于福建、广东、广西和海南等省区,面积14 000公顷。沿海地区经济的快速发展而导致的不合理开发对红树林资源产生了极大的冲击,造成面积锐减,资源濒危,为此我国各级政府先后建立了12个自然保护区,保护了约50％的红树林面积。     

广西北仑河口国家级自然保护区综合价值的研究

通过对广西北仑河口国家级自然保护区红树林的生态环境、资源现状、保护价值等方面进行系统分析,揭示该保护区红树林生态系统的功能作用,并提出加快保护区建设的重要意义。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.