Deposits of the Hiagda Uranium Ore Field,Buryatia: Formation Conditions and Ore Control Factors

The paper concerns the geological–structural conditions of ore localization, mineralogy and chemistry of ore, and geochemical features of the ore-bearing medium at exogenic–epigenetic paleovalley deposits of the Hiagda ore field. The general localization regularities and ore control factors of uranium mineralization can be used for mining, exploration, and refining the prospecting criteria and indications of this type of deposits.     

Iron redistribution during postore stage at uranium deposits of the Khiagda ore field,Vitim district

The localization conditions of mineralization at uranium deposits of the Khiagda ore field related to the economic sandstone type in paleovalleys are considered in this paper. These conditions allow different genetic treatments. Uncertainty in genetic estimates is caused by localization of orebodies in both gray sedimentary rocks at the boundary with bleached rocks and in the bleached rocks themselves. The results of mineralogical and geochemical studies have shown that bleaching is related to iron redistribution at the postore stage. Obvious evidence in favor of this conclusion has been obtained from statistical processing of quantitative soluble iron determinations in various geochemical types of host rocks. The postore bleaching is superposed on earlier oxidized and ore-bearing gray rocks, obliterating the coloration inherent to redox ore-controlling zoning.     

Polygenetic and polychronic uranium mineralization at deposits of the Khiagda ore field,Buryatia

The unique combination of several exogenic processes augmenting uranium mineralization followed one another in time at deposits of the Khiagda ore field and gave rise to the formation of uranium resources exceptional for the paleovalley geologic and economic type. The specific geological evolution, volcanic activity, and regional climatic conditions taken together became the main cause of local occurrence of these deposits.     

丹凤地区花岗伟晶岩型铀矿区放射性水文地球化学特征及找矿效果

放射性水文地球化学找矿以其快速、简便、经济和高效的优点在丹凤地区花岗伟晶岩型铀矿勘查的各个阶段发挥了重要作用,浅层地下水放射性异常晕与含矿黑云母花岗伟晶岩分布范围一致,可用于圈定铀成矿远景区、普查区和详查区。近矿中深层地下水具有高U-Rn放射性水文地球化学特征,通过工程放射性水文地球化学找矿,可预测盲矿体大致位置,指导揭露工程布置。     

中、新生代陆相沉积盆地砂岩型铀矿床流体作用研究

通过对中、新生代陆相沉积盆地典型砂岩型铀矿床实例分析,本文阐述了砂岩型铀矿床的分类特征及其与盆地流体演化的关系,以及盆地流体演化史分析在砂岩型铀矿床找矿中的重要性,同时对铀在流体中活化、迁移、沉淀机制及砂岩型铀矿床流体作用研究方法进行了探讨。     

The outlook for the discovery of new types of economic uranium deposits in the Kodar-Udokan zone of the Transbaikal territory in Russia

On the basis of detailed fieldwork and analytical procedures (microprobe, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, etc.), ores and altered wall-rock rocks of the Khadatkanda and Etyrko deposits in the Kodar-Udokan mineragenic zone were studied. Economic concentrations of gold and some other accompanying metals have been established in ore of the Khadatkanda uranium deposit in the Syul’ban uranium district. REE-U lodes with brannerite-uraninite have been found at the Etyrko Fe-Ti-V deposit related to the Chinei layered pluton in the Udokan mining district. The outlook for the discovery of new types of economic uranium deposits is substantiated with respect to the known hydrothermal uranium ore objects and nontraditional setting related to the layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions.     

Post-Ore Processes of Uranium Migration in the Sandstone-Hosted Type Deposits: 234U/238U, 238U/235U and U–Pb Systematics of Ores of the Namaru Deposit,Vitim District,Northern Transbaikalia

Geology of Ore Deposits - To assess the nature of the post-ore behaviour of uranium in the Namaru deposit (Khiagda ore field), U–Pb isotope systems and the isotopic composition of uranium...     

赣杭铀成矿带大洲矿田定位条件分析及富大铀矿寻找

对大洲铀矿田定位条件分析认为，江山一绍兴地壳裂解拼接带制约了大洲铀矿田的定位，燕山晚期拉张裂陷作用则直接控制了铀矿床（体）的定位，而成熟陆壳、富铀基底及燕山晚期酸性火山喷溢作用形成的特定地球物理、地球化学块体是铀成矿的重要物质基础，两次推覆逆冲构造为铀成矿提供了必要的空间环境。研究表明，大洲盆地内已知的铀矿资源具有重要工业意义和良好的经济效益，该区是寻找大型、超大型层状火山熔岩型铀矿的重要靶区。     

下庄铀矿田火山岩的厘定及与周边同期火山岩的对比

本在系统分析下庄铀矿田火山岩的分布，火山岩系的旋回性，火山岩的岩石地球化学特征及火山岩的成岩时代等特征的基础上，较为详细地对下庄铀矿田的火山岩和赣南－粤北地区晚中生代武夷群火山岩各种特征进行了对比，厘定了下庄铀矿田火山夺为赣地－粤北地区晚中生代中火山岩系武夷群的组成部分；认为南岭铀成矿带今后寻找富矿，大矿的主要目标应该放在火山侵本和后火山侵入体的内外接触带上，以早期铀矿化（140－100Ma）为的主要目标类型。     

Thermal Convection of Fluids as a Possible Mechanism for the Formation of the Unique Streltsovka and Antei Uranium Deposits (Eastern Transbaikalia)

Geology of Ore Deposits - The hydrothermal molybdenum–uranium deposits of the Streltsovka ore field are localized in a volcanic caldera of Late Mesozoic age. The paper presents the results of...     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部塔然高勒地区还原介质对砂岩型铀矿的控制

为明确鄂尔多斯盆地塔然高勒地区直罗组、延安组地层中煤、黄铁矿等还原介质与砂岩型铀矿的共存关系,选取直罗组含矿砂体及其中的黄铁矿、炭屑以及延安组煤层等为研究对象,综合利用钻孔编录、显微镜和电子探针分析等手段开展研究。结果表明,研究区铀矿体与延安组煤层、直罗组炭屑具有空间和成因上的关联,延安组煤层为铀的沉淀提供了大量的还原剂,而直罗组炭屑里的腐植酸对铀酰离子起到吸附和络合的作用;铀石是该区最主要的铀矿物类型,其与莓球状黄铁矿、蚀变黄铁矿、胶状黄铁矿、钛铁矿、白钛石伴生关系明显;有机质、黄铁矿等还原介质的含量及空间分布可以作为铀成矿的指示标志。      

粤北长江铀矿田棉花坑断裂、油洞断裂特征及其与铀成矿关系

长江铀矿田位于广东仁化县,是中国华南地区最重要的硬岩型铀矿田。铀矿田内发育北北西（近南北）向含矿构造和北东东向棉花坑断裂及北西西向油洞断裂。棉花坑断裂、油洞断裂与铀成矿的关系涉及到矿田控矿构造格局构建和进一步找矿预测等关键问题。通过精细野外地质调查,重点研究棉花坑断裂、油洞断裂与北北西（近南北）向含矿断裂的相互关系,特别是断裂构造发育的特点和相互配套关系,取得如下认识:棉花坑断裂为脆性断裂破碎带,以未胶结的含有磨圆的花岗岩角砾的构造角砾岩和断层泥为特征,线性构造和负地貌特征明显,属于成矿后压扭性断裂,断错铀矿体和铀矿化带,但位移不大;油洞断裂为脆性破碎带,具有线性构造和负地貌特征,为北北西（近南北）向控矿构造的伴生张扭性断裂,并局部被其后的基性岩脉充填,它不是高级序控矿断裂,仅仅起局部含矿构造作用;油洞断裂带附近的韧性变形不是油洞断裂的连续韧性变形带,而是油洞岩体内小规模、零星不规则、多方向韧性变形的一部分;基于含矿构造呈北北西（近南北）向的展布特征,矿田内进一步的找矿方向不是沿着棉花坑断裂或油洞断裂的方向,而是沿着北北西（近南北）向含矿构造及现有矿化带的走向和倾向深部,在现有矿带间空白区的深部也很可能存在隐伏矿带。      

Comparison of the geochemical features of ore-bearing horizons at young and ancient hydrogenic uranium deposits (Hydrotechnological aspects)

Geochemical properties of ore-bearing horizons composed of alluvial aluminosilicate terrigenous rocks have been compared at young and ancient hydrogenic uranium deposits. It has been shown that the lithological setting at the young deposit has an elevated neutralization capacity in relation to sulfuric acid of leaching solutions and, in addition, has a rather low reducing capacity. The redox differentiation of ore substance at the deposit is in progress. It ensures an elevated degree of uranium oxidation in ores. Both ore and nonore sandy rocks contain a sufficient amount of natural oxidizer U(IV) in the form of trivalent iron. Ancient deposits, unlike young ones, contain ore-bearing and ore-hosting rocks with a low neutralizing but high reducing capacity and with an elevated degree of uranium and iron reducing, as the reducing environment dominates in all epigenetic geochemical zones. It is suggested that, in this geochemical setting, the process of in situ leaching (ISL) is not effective without addition of artificial oxidizer to the working sulfuric acid solutions.     

盆山耦合机制驱动下的库车坳陷铀成矿作用响应

库车坳陷周缘的铀矿化非常活跃,蕴藏于上新统库车组下段的砂岩型铀矿的控矿要素、成矿机理、成矿规律,特别是远景选区是近年来铀矿地质学家关注的重点.笔者充分依据区域地质资料、野外地质调查和勘查钻孔资料,通过综合分析,试图在构造-沉积-地形地貌的盆山耦合机制中,遵循砂岩型铀矿的普遍成矿机理、按照由源到汇的研究思路,剖析砂岩型铀矿形成发育的关键控矿要素、时空配置关系,从铀成矿系统分析的角度揭示库车组关键控矿要素的协同控矿机理,以期为铀矿勘查提供战略服务.主要认识有：新生代南天山造山带的大规模陆内逆冲推覆作用既控制了库车组含铀岩系的充填演化过程,也制约了库车组下段铀成矿的基本格局和成矿作用过程,盆山耦合机制是驱动砂岩型铀矿形成发育的原始驱动力.南天山造山带岩浆岩分布规模虽然有限,但在托木尔峰一带存在富铀花岗岩.充分发育的地表水流域系统,一方面能够携带造山带的碎屑物堆积于库车坳陷,从而分阶段形成系列的大型物源-沉积朵体,造就了潜在的含铀岩系和优质的铀储层.另一方面,穿越造山带富铀花岗岩的流域系统,不仅通过物理搬运为铀储层提供了原始微量铀的积累,而且通过衍生的地下含矿流体系统促进了区域层间氧化带的发育...     

塔里木盆地北缘塔里克铀矿点矿化成因及其找矿方向

分析了塔里克铀矿点区域地质背景、矿点地质概况、含矿岩系和铀矿化特征及其成因类型,认为铀矿化成因属于层间氧化带型,“倒卷状”铀矿化为构造隆升前形成的“古矿化”。通过分析铀矿化带走向延伸特征和地貌特征,指出了找矿远景地段。     

江西相山地区中,新生低构造演化对富大铀矿形成的制约

江西相山铀矿田是我国目前最大的火山岩型铀矿田,一直是铀矿地质学界的研究热点之一。大量的新资料支持以下的构造演化模型：成矿前的走滑剪切;成矿期的伸展拉张;成矿后的挤压逆冲。这一构造演化体系是形成相山富大铀矿田的有利地质构造背景。     

The Karchiga copper massive sulfide deposit in the high-grade metamorphosed rocks of the Kurchum block: geologic structure,formation, and metamorphism (Rudny Altai)

The Karchiga copper massive sulfide deposit is located in the Kurchum block of high-grade metamorphosed rocks. This block is part of the Irtysh shear zone, which belongs to the largest transregional fault in Central Asia. The deposit is associated with the gneiss–amphibolite middle unit of the metamorphic complex, which is distinct in the geochemical fields. The mineralization is spatially and paragenetically related to the amphibolite beds, which are ore-bearing together with terrigenous rocks.The deposit contains two spatially isolated lodes, in which all the discovered commercial reserves concentrate. They conformably overlie the host rocks and are tabular or ribbonlike. The mineralization has a close spatial relationship with Mg-rich anthophyllite-containing rocks. The sulfide ores are disseminated or massive and comprise pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and magnetite. The ore is of Zn–Cu composition, in which Cu dominates considerably over Zn (average contents 2 and 0.4%, respectively; Cu/(Cu + Zn) = 0.83). The ores are rich in Co (up to 0.16%, averaging 0.02%), poor in Au and Ag (0.3 and 7.2 ppm, respectively), and almost free of Pb and Ba.All the rocks and ores experienced epidote–amphibolitic metamorphism. Meanwhile, the ores experienced a recrystallization and partial regeneration, but the initial shape of the lodes remained unchanged.The essentially chalcopyritic ores, the volcaniclastic ore-bearing rocks, and the spatial and genetic relationship of the mineralization with undifferentiated mafic and siliciclastic rocks suggest that this deposit belongs to the Besshi type, formed in a back-arc environment, near large rises.The studies show that Besshi-type Cu–Zn massive sulfide deposits differ from most of the polymetallic (Kuroko-type) deposits in Rudny Altai in the composition of volcanics and geodynamic settings, but belong to the same evolutionary series in this VMS province. Both types of deposits might have formed in the Paleozoic, during the main peak of VMS generation in the Earth's history.     

南岭成矿带铀矿地质特征、成矿规律与全位成矿模式

南岭成矿带是中国重要的铀矿基地,产出的铀矿床以花岗岩型为主,其次为碳硅泥岩型和少量砂岩型。本文通过搜集整理前人找矿勘查和科研成果,认为南岭成矿带多期多阶段构造演化为铀成矿作用提供了初始铀源、产铀花岗岩、断裂网络和含铀热液等有利的成矿条件。产铀花岗岩大多是由高硅、过铝、偏钾高碱的S型花岗岩,沿断裂分布的构造碎裂岩、蚀变岩和还原性地质体是有利的赋矿围岩。矿化与蚀变中心带发育沥青铀矿、黑色微晶玉髓、紫黑色萤石、胶状黄铁矿、赤铁矿、绿泥石等矿物组合。铀矿体形态多样,以中小规模、中低工业品位为主。南岭成矿带中新生代多阶段区域性拉张过程中形成了多阶段铀矿化。花岗岩型铀矿床分布于加里东隆起区花岗岩内部构造结和岩体接触带附近,矿体沿断裂与蚀变体一起赋存于氧化-还原界面和脆韧性构造转换面之间的"成矿壳层"内。南岭成矿带中新生代"空间全位"铀成矿模式显示,不同的构造层、不同的建造、不同的岩性及不同的部位均有铀成矿潜力,但由于具体成矿条件的不同组合而产出不同类型、不同规模、不同时间和不同强度的铀矿化。也就是说,难以排除某一空间部位不成矿的可能性。根据这一"全位"成矿的认识,从不同的角度对南岭成矿带中新生代铀...     

Formation conditions of paleovalley uranium deposits hosted in upper Eocene–lower Oligocene rocks of Bulgaria

The uranium deposits of Bulgaria related to the Late Alpine tectonomagmatic reactivation are subdivided into two groups: exogenic–epigenetic paleovalley deposits related to the basins filled with upper Eocene–lower Oligocene volcanic–sedimentary rocks and the hydrothermal deposits hosted in the coeval depressions. The geological and lithofacies conditions of their localization, the epigenetic alteration of rocks, mineralogy and geochemistry of uranium ore are exemplified in thoroughly studied paleovalley deposits of the Maritsa ore district. Argumentation of the genetic concepts providing insights into both sedimentation–diagenetic and exogenic–epigenetic mineralization with development of stratal oxidation zones is discussed. A new exfiltration model has been proposed to explain the origin of the aforementioned deposits on the basis of additional analysis with consideration of archival factual data and possible causes of specific ningyoite uranium ore composition.