松辽盆地白垩纪地层时代划分

松辽盆地经多年来地质生产和科研活动,已经建立了一套完整的地层层序,由下往上为：沙河子组、营城组、登娄库组、泉头组、青山口组、姚家组、嫩江组、四方台组、明水组等９组２７个岩性段。白垩系的上限在明水组和依安组之间,相当于马斯特里赫特阶的顶界,同位素年龄为６６Ｍａ。白垩系的下限在沙河子组和火石岭组之间,相当于贝利亚斯阶的底界,同位素年龄为１４４Ｍａ。松辽盆地白垩系属陆相地层,三分性明显,自然划分为下、中、上三统,这种划分方案正被更多的地质工作者所接受。     

A lithostratigraphic revision and palaeoenvironmental assessment of the Cretaceous System exposed in the onshore Cauvery Basin, southern India

The exposed Cretaceous shelf succession of the Cauvery Basin, southeastern India, has provided a world-class record of mid and Late Cretaceous invertebrates, documented in a substantial literature. However, the lithostratigraphy of the succession has been little studied and previously subject to a range of nomenclature. It is revised here, on the basis of intensive regional mapping, to stabilize the definition and nomenclature of lithostratigraphic units. The Uttattur Group is restricted in outcrop to the Ariyalur district and divided into the Arogypapurum Formation (new; Albian), Dalmiapuram Formation (late Albian), and Karai Formation (late Albian–early Turonian) for which the Odiyam and Kunnam Members are recognized. The Trichinopoly Group follows unconformably and is also restricted in outcrop to the Ariyalur district. It is divided into the Kulakkalnattam Formation (Turonian) and Anaipadi Formation (late Turonian–Coniacian). The Ariyalur Group is more widely distributed. In the Ariyalur district, the Sillikkudi Formation (Santonian–Campanian) and its Kilpaluvari Member, the Kallakurichchi Formation (early Maastrichtian), the Kallamedu Formation (mid and Late Maastrichtian) and the Niniyur Formation (Danian) are recognized. The sequence in the Vriddhachalam area consists of the Parur and Patti formations (Campanian), Mattur Formation (late Campanian–earliest Maastrichtian) and Aladi Formation (Maastrichtian). For the Pondicherry district, the Valudavur and Mettuveli formations (Maastrichtian) and Kasur and Manaveli formations (Paleocene) comprise the succession. The interpreted depositional environments for the succession in the Ariyalur district indicate four eustatic cycles in the mid and Late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary: late Albian–early Turonian, late Turonian–Santonian, Campanian, Maastrichtian, and Paleocene. Overall the Cauvery Basin sequence is arenaceous and relatively labile in terms of framework grain composition, and contrasts with the pelitic assemblage developed on the west Australian margin from which eastern India separated in the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian). The difference is ascribed to palaeoclimate as controlled by palaeolatitude. For the Late Cretaceous, the Cauvery Basin drifted north on the Indian plate from 40 to 30°S. This zone is inferred to constitute Southern Hemisphere horse latitudes for Late Cretaceous time, characterized by an arid climate, physical weathering and the production of labile sands. By contrast, the west Australian margin of matching tectonic history remained in a high palaeolatitude (>40°S) throughout the Late Cretaceous, experiencing a pluvial climate, the dominance of chemical weathering and the production of clays.     

Cretaceous Phytoplankton Assemblages from Songke Core-1,North and South(SK-1,N and S) of Songliao Basin,Northeast China

Abstract: Cretaceous phytoplankton from the newly completed core hole (SK-1, N&S) in the central Songliao Basin was studied. The target interval is from the upper Quantou Formation of Upper Cretaceous to Mingshui Formation. Twelve genera of dinoflagellates, six of acritarcha and three of chlorophyta were identified in 588 samples from the 2300-m deep core. Ten phytoplankton assemblages have been classified: Tetranguladinium-Subtilisphaera-Botryococcus, Botryococcus-Pediastrum, Pediastrum, Dinogymniopsis-Chlamydophrella-Vesperopsis bifurcate, Dinogymniopsis minor-Balmula, Pediastrum-Botryococcus, Schizosporis-Campenia, Kiokansium-Dinogymniopsis-Botryococcus, Dinogymniopsis-Granodiscus-Filisphaeridium and Granodiscus. According to the findings mentioned above, the age of the upper Qantou Formation is Cenomanian, the Qingshankou Formation belongs to upper Cenomanian-Turonian, the Yaojia Formation to Coniancian-Santonian age, the Nenjiang Formation is of Campanian age, and Sifangtai-Mingshui formations are referred to Maastrichtian stage. The ecology of phytoplankton is closely related to water salinity. Each type of phytoplankton is within a certain living water mass whose evolution type reflects salinity change of the Songliao Lake. The assemblages from the SK-1 indicate that water salinity changes with the cycle of freshwater–slight brackish water–brackish water–slight brackish water–freshwater in the lake.     

松辽盆地东北缘白垩系砂岩型铀矿成矿条件与找矿方向

通过松辽盆地东北缘蚀源区铀源条件、中生代构造演化、白垩系沉积建造研究，结合石油部门地震连井剖面等资料，综合分析了松辽盆地东北部砂岩型铀矿的成矿条件研究，认为盆缘的富铀花岗岩体提供了丰富的铀源，中生代后期反转构造形成的剥蚀天窗为含铀含氧水的渗入渗出提供了通道.研究结果显示，松辽盆地东北部绥棱地区为最有利的砂岩型铀矿找矿部位，主要找矿目标层为上白垩统泉头组兼顾浅部姚家组，找矿类型为层间氧化带型.     

松辽盆地东北缘白垩系砂岩型铀矿成矿条件与找矿方向

通过松辽盆地东北缘蚀源区铀源条件、中生代构造演化、白垩系沉积建造研究,结合石油部门地震连井剖面等资料,综合分析了松辽盆地东北部砂岩型铀矿的成矿条件研究,认为盆缘的富铀花岗岩体提供了丰富的铀源,中生代后期反转构造形成的剥蚀天窗为含铀含氧水的渗入渗出提供了通道.研究结果显示,松辽盆地东北部绥棱地区为最有利的砂岩型铀矿找矿部位,主要找矿目标层为上白垩统泉头组兼顾浅部姚家组,找矿类型为层间氧化带型.     

松辽盆地南部白垩纪-古近纪挤压构造的发现与盆地性质探讨

松辽盆地位于欧亚板块东部,毗邻太平洋板块,是叠置于华北板块和西伯利亚板块之间的晚古生代碰撞造山带之上规模最大的中-新生代陆相含油气盆地,具有断、坳双重结构。自白垩纪以来,松辽盆地南部主要经历两期挤压作用:NW-SE向挤压作用发生在下白垩统营城组碎屑岩段-上白垩统泉头组沉积时期,挤压作用持续了18Myr;近E-W向挤压作用发生在四方台组-古近系沉积时期,挤压作用至少持续了39.1Myr。两期挤压作用都表现出东强西弱的特点,第二期挤压作用的变形强度远大于第一期,并且在明水组沉积晚期变形强度最大,这期挤压作用奠定了松辽盆地现今的构造格局。下白垩统营城组上部碎屑岩段-上白垩统泉头组和四方台组-古近系的沉积作用分别记录了第一期、第二期挤压作用形成的反转构造和断层相关褶皱的变形过程。上述构造在不同时期隆升速率与沉积速率之间的关系,控制了盆地的沉积范围、沉积地层的厚度和接触关系在空间上的变化。松辽盆地在上述两个构造演化阶段都处于活动大陆边缘的陆内区域,盆地性质都应属于陆内挤压坳陷盆地。     

白垩纪红层冰筏沉积的古气候及古地理意义

冰筏沉积是负载沉积物的冰块进入海洋或湖泊中，冰块融化沉积物附落所形成的，它们可形成于高海拔具有明显气候垂直分带的低纬度地区或者是高纬度地区。我们在研究松辽盆地白垩纪古气候时，首次在泉头组层中发现冰筏沉积。根据泉头组孢粉组合的研究透明，它们除了具有热带－亚热植物的孢粉以外，还有少量喜冷分子混生现象。     

松辽盆地姚家组-嫩江组地层层序及沉积演化

松辽盆地姚家组-嫩江组是晚白垩世形成的一套完整的水进-水退沉积旋回,分为2个二级层序,6个三级层序,持续时间约4Ma。嫩江组二段最大湖泛期在底部形成了盆地范围内稳定分布的油页岩,其不仅是层序及地层对比的标准界面,而且是重要的烃源岩层和盖层。姚家组与嫩江组一段是水进期大型退积型三角洲沉积,嫩江组三段是水退期大型湖泊与快速进积大型三角洲沉积。嫩江组在水进期长轴物源方向发育大型重力流水道及末端浊积扇,水道延伸距离64km,最大宽度600m;在水退初期短轴方向发育滑塌浊积扇,扇体有复合式和单体式,滑塌最小古坡度为5%~12‰,表面均发育弧状滑塌波纹,波纹密度4~10条/km,最小滑移距离2~10km。     

哈尔滨东宾县凹陷白垩纪地层层序及其与松辽盆地的对比

根据实测剖面并结合前人研究成果厘定了宾县凹陷白垩纪地层层序:下白垩统板子房组、宁远村组、淘淇河组、泉头组和上白垩统青山口组、姚家组。综合运用岩性地层、生物地层、地质事件和同位素年龄的方法将宾县凹陷白垩系与松辽盆地进行了对比。根据同位素年龄对比,板子房组相当于沙河子组上部和营城组下部,宁远村组相当于营城组中上部。根据植物化石组合分析,淘淇河组可与营城组顶部、登娄库组和泉头组底部对比。“鸟河组”下部红层作为区域性气候事件的产物可与泉头组下部对比;该组以Triangulicypristorsuosus和Triangulicypristorsuosusvar.nota繁盛为特征的介形类化石组合与青山口组相似,轮藻类化石Atopocharatrivolvis、Aclistocharasongliaoensis和Obtusocharaniaoheensis在泉头组至嫩江组均有发现;因此将“鸟河组”分解为泉头组、青山口组、姚家组和嫩江组。     

Palynostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of the Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous succession in Kabrit-1 well,northeastern Egypt

Well-preserved and abundant Jurassic–Early Cretaceous palynomorph assemblages were recorded from the Kabrit-1 well, north Eastern Desert, Egypt. Thirty-one rock-cutting samples were analyzed and six rock units were differentiated. Seventy-one palynomorph species were identified from the productive samples. Six palynozones were differentiated, and they covered all the studied succession except for a palynomorph barren interval present in the uppermost part. These palynozones arranged in ascending order are as follows: two palynozones were recorded from the Middle-Upper Jurassic (Gonyaulacysta jurassica – Lithodinia jurassica Assemblage Zone and Klukisporites pseudoreticulatus- Systematophora penicillata – Escharisphaeridia pocockii Assemblage Zone) and the other four palynozones characterize the Lower Cretaceous deposits (Pilosisporites trichopapillosus – Cribroperidinium orthoceras Assemblage Zone; Dicheiropollis etruscus Interval Zone; Murospora florida – Afropollis operculatus Assemblage Zone and Afropollis jardinus Range Zone). We infer open marine conditions during deposition of the lower part of the Khalig El Ayoun Formation (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian) and within the Kharita Formation (Albian), and shallow marine or coastal environments during deposition of the remainder of the studied succession. Paleobiogeographically, Late Jurassic index terrestrial palynomorph species documented here are in common with those previously recorded from North Africa, while marine dinocyst species are common to those documented from the West European and North American province. During the Early Cretaceous, the recorded terrestrial microfloral species were similar to those previously recorded from the West African-South American Province, while the marine dinocyst species were still related to the West European and North American marine palynofloral province.     

塔里木盆地西部白垩纪—古近纪海相地层框架及对重大地质事件的记录

塔里木盆地西部白垩纪—古近纪发生了大规模的海侵事件,形成一个喇叭状向西开口的海湾,该海湾属于东特提斯洋的一个分支。该地区白垩纪—古近纪海相地层记录了东特提斯洋演化和一系列重大地质事件,具有重要的研究价值,但对其地层的研究仍相对薄弱,对重大地质事件的研究还不够深入。本文拟通过详细的岩石地层、生物地层和其他地层方法,完善地层划分与对比框架,并在此基础上讨论Cenomanian/ Turonian界线大洋缺氧事件(OAE2)、白垩纪/古近纪界线(K/Pg)、古新世—始新世极热事件(PETM)、特提斯海进与海退等一系列重大地质事件。塔里木盆地白垩纪—古近纪海相或海陆过渡相地层自下而上为克孜勒苏群、库克拜组、乌依塔克组、依格孜牙组、吐依洛克组、阿尔塔什组、齐姆根组、盖吉塔格组、卡拉塔尔组、乌拉根组和巴什布拉克组,上述地层中含有丰富的有孔虫、介形虫、钙质超微、沟鞭藻、孢粉、双壳类、腹足类等化石,以及少量菊石、腕足类、海胆和鲨鱼牙齿等化石。综合的生物地层和年代地层研究表明,克孜勒苏群的时代为早白垩世Barremian-Albian期,库克拜组—依格孜牙组的时代为晚白垩世Cenomanian-Maastrichtian期(Cenomanian/Turonian界线可能位于库克拜组三段),吐依洛克组的时代为白垩纪—古近纪过渡期;阿尔塔什组的时代为古新世早中期,齐姆根组为古新世晚期—始新世最早期,盖吉塔格组—乌拉根组的时代为中始新世中晚期,巴什布拉克组的时代为晚始新世,但不排除最上部进入渐新世早期。塔里木盆地的海侵开始于克孜勒苏群中上部沉积期(Albian晚期—Aptian早期),但规模很有限,大规模的海侵始于晚白垩世Cenomanian早期;从晚白垩世—古新世,共经历了5次大规模的海侵—海退事件;大约41 Ma前后,海水退出盆地南部的昆仑山山前,34 Ma前后,海水退出盆地北部的天山山前。上述海侵—海退事件可能受构造和全球海平面变化的双重影响,但构造事件对海侵的启动和结束可能更具决定性的影响。阐述了塔里木盆地西部白垩纪—古近纪海相地层所记录的OAE2、K/Pg界线、PETM和特提斯海侵—海退等事件,其中笔者及团队第一次在塔里木盆地西部齐姆根组中所发现和报道的PETM事件,将有助于揭示全球近岸地区PETM的特征和生物-环境响应。在未来的研究中,需要进一步厘清塔里木盆地西部地层序列,建立更加精细的生物地层和年代地层框架,加强对PETM和特提斯海侵—海退等重大地质事件的研究。     

High-precision geochronology of the Early Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation and its stratigraphic implications for Songliao Basin,China

The Songliao Basin in Northeast Asia is the largest and longest-lived rift basin and preserves a near-continuous continental succession of the most of the Cretaceous period, providing great material to investigate the adaption of the terrestrial systems to the Cretaceous greenhouse climate and tectonic events. However, the paucity of precise and accurate radioisotopic ages from the Early Cretaceous strata of the Songliao Basin has greatly held back the temporal and causal correlation of the continental records to the global Early Cretaceous records. Three tuff layers intercalated in the Yingcheng Formation have been intercepted by the SK-2 borehole, which offer excellent materials for radioisotopic dating and calibration of the chronostratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous sequence of Songliao Basin. Moreover, the Yingcheng Formation recorded the largest and the last of the two major volcanic events in Songliao Basin, which also represents a turning point in the basin evolution history of Songliao from syn-rift stage to post-rift stage. Here we report high-precision U–Pb zircon geochronology by the CA-ID-TIMS technique on three tuff samples from the Yingcheng Formation of the SK-2 borehole in the Songliao Basin to construct a greatly improved, absolute age framework for the Yingcheng Formation and provide crucial age constraints for the Songliao Lower Cretaceous Strata. The new CA-ID-TIMS geochronology constrained the Yingcheng Formation at 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma to ca. 113 Ma, correlating to the Albian Stage. Combined with the previous published Songliao geochronology, the Quantou Formation is constrained to between 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma and 91.923 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma; the Denglouku Formation is constrained to between 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma and 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma; the age of the Shahezi Formation is estimated at ca. 113 Ma to ca. 118 Ma, which could extend to ca. 125 Ma in some locations in Songliao Basin. The major unconformity between the Yingcheng Formation and the Denglouku Formation, which represents the transition of the basin from syn-rift to post-rift is thus confined to between 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma and 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma. This is roughly contemporaneous with the change in the direction of the paleo-Pacific plate motion from west-southwest to north or northwest in mid-Cretaceous, suggesting their possible connections.     

松辽盆地及周缘地区侏罗系/白垩系界线区域对比特征探讨

松辽盆地及周缘地区是白垩纪时期全球最大的陆地出露区,是开展陆相J/K界线研究的理想地区.但是,受制于盆内埋深大、盆缘露头出露不佳等原因,松辽盆地及周缘地区J/K界线发育区域及层段仍然存在较大争议.同时,对于陆相J/K界线划分与对比这样的重大疑难问题,其研究很难一步到位.总结一套影响广泛、区域对比性强的J/K界线区域对比...     

河南汝阳地区-巨型蜥脚类恐龙股骨化石的发现及其地层学意义

报道了首次在河南省汝阳县发现的大型蜥脚类恐龙股骨化石。从股骨近端的大小来判断,该股骨的实际长度可能超过2m,应属于巨型蜥脚类恐龙的股骨无疑。虽然化石破碎,种属的归属存在一定的困难,但是它的发现无论从晰脚类恐龙的分布、演化还是从地层学上都具有重要意义。该恐龙股骨化石的发现,将该地区原认为属于古近系蟒川组的时代向前推至早白垩世晚期或晚白垩世早期,同时其下伏地层陈宅沟组也应划归白垩纪时期的沉积。     

松辽盆地砂岩层铀成矿地质条件初步探讨

本文通过对松辽盆地地质条件下铀源条件、矿化异常与后期改造的数据分析与研究,得出以下结论:第一、松辽盆地边缘地区可作为今后地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿和研究工作重点,其中双辽地区和缘庆安地区为重点找矿区。第二、松辽盆地白垩系中泉头组和登娄库组为重点矿化异常层位,白垩系各组段地层中盆地边缘的河流相地层为找寻铀矿的重点对象。     

松辽盆地东北缘晚白垩世地层结构、沉积充填及铀矿找矿方向

松辽盆地北部铀矿地质研究相对薄弱。本文利用岩心、测井资料,综合运用沉积学、盆地分析、砂岩型铀矿成矿理论,对松辽盆地东北隆起区内的沉积建造特征进行了系统梳理:(1)理清了松辽盆地东北隆起区盆缘的地层结构及含铀含氧水渗入窗口的时空分布特征,绥棱以北嫩江组以下地层整体为超覆结构,仅海伦隆起泉头组在盆缘具有削蚀结构从而具备渗入窗口;而绥棱以南的晚白垩世地层整体在盆缘都呈削蚀结构,均具备窗口。(2)研究区可识别出冲积扇、扇三角洲、曲流河、辫状河、三角洲、滩坝及半深湖—深湖相这7种沉积相类型;在海伦隆起、绥棱背斜、庆安隆起等不同构造单元具有不同的沉积充填样式。(3)探讨了松辽盆地东北隆起区砂岩型铀矿的主攻层位、找矿类型及找矿方向:庆安地区泉头组冲积扇扇中辫状河河道砂体是最有利的勘探对象,其次是铁力地区姚家组的扇三角洲砂体和海伦地区泉头组的辫状河河道砂体,最后是绥棱地区嫩一段的三角洲前缘砂体。该研究可为松辽盆地东北隆起区铀矿勘查突破提供新的找矿思路。     

松辽盆地北部泉三、四段低渗透储层孔隙度演化史

为了预测松辽盆地北部泉三、四段储层的孔隙度、恢复孔隙演化史,本文综合考虑沉积相和成岩作用对储层孔隙度的影响,建立了孔隙度关于沉积相指数、成岩指数和深度等多因素非线性模型,预测了泉四段储层的孔隙度,恢复了孔隙演化史.结果表明,在泉四段储层填隙物高达16％的条件下,孔隙度预测的平均绝对误差仅为1.84％;在碎屑岩埋藏的早期,储层孔隙度主要受沉积相的影响,在晚期则受成岩作用的控制,次生孔隙主要发育在中成岩阶段A1亚期和A2亚期的早期;同一层位的储层孔隙度从古到今逐渐减小,在松辽盆地北部的主要成藏期(嫩江期末),中央坳陷泉四段Sq1的储层主要属于中～高孔隙度储层,有利于油气藏的形成,在明水组沉积的后期才变为致密储层.     

东北依兰—伊通地堑方正断陷方正组的建立及其意义

依兰—伊通地堑方正断陷方参 2井 2 10 4.0— 3 45 0 .0 m井段为一套红色碎屑岩 ,产有孢粉化石 Cicatrico-sisporites,Lygodiumsporites,Appendicisporites,Concavissimisporites,Gleicheniidites,Cyathidites,Cibotiumspora,Foraminisporis,Taxodiaceaepollenites,Inaperturopollenites,Triporopollenites和 Tricolporopollenites等。依据岩性及孢粉资料 ,在方正断陷建立方正组 ,并认为方正组时代为晚白垩世早期——赛诺曼期。通过与邻区松辽盆地泉头组、阜新盆地孙家湾组、延吉盆地龙井组等对比 ,认为东北地区这一套红层沉积具有广泛分布的特点 ,它是干热气候事件的产物。     

塔里木北部库车前陆盆地晚白垩世和古新世的钙质超微化石组合

库车前陆盆地是中国大型油气基地之一,盆地中的白垩系及古近系为盆地油气的主要储层。对本区白垩系的时代划分和沉积环境的精确确定直接关系到对油气田的规模、储量和分布范围的正确评价。本研究在前人划分为陆相下白垩统巴什基奇克组的顶部首次发现了由10属15种组成的晚白垩世海相钙质超微化石组合Arkangelskiellacymbiformis—Quadrumgartneri。此外,在由前人定为古新统—始新统的塔拉克组下段也发现了晚白垩世Arkangel skiellacymbiformis—Quadrumgartneri组合,在该组上段发现了古新世化石Biantholithussparsus。该成果既为准确确定这两个岩组的地质时代提供了可靠的古生物证据,又为本区存在晚白垩世地层和海相沉积提供了佐证,表明巴什基奇克组顶部存在晚白垩世的海相沉积,塔拉克组下段属于上白垩统,上段属于古新统。     

哈萨克斯坦东部斋桑盆地恐龙蛋壳化石与白垩系-古近系界线

在晚白垩世期间,哈萨克斯坦东部的斋桑盆地形成了一个湖盆,一直延续到现在。古斋桑湖中最老的沉积是Tayzhuzgen组,由厚达136m的泥岩、粉砂岩、页岩、石英砂岩、砾岩和淡水石灰岩红层组成。按照当地的地层名称,Tayzhuzgen组包括Manrak、Tayzhuzgen、Aulisbulak、Aktobe、Dysum bay和Kiin Kerish层。在斋桑湖以南的Tayzhuzgen河附近一个地点的Tayzhuzgen组下部,发现了恐龙蛋壳碎片,蛋壳至少包括有两个主要类型:圆形蛋类和长形蛋类。恐龙蛋壳指示了Tayzhuzgen组下部的时代为晚白垩世(可能是马斯特里赫特期)。在本组的较高层位,发现了晚?古新世的植物化石,因此斋桑盆地的白垩系-古近系界线在Tayzhuzgen组内部。在Tayzhuzgen组中,白垩纪与古新世化石层之间的地层间隔只有约50m,由此推测在Tayzhuzgen组内部可能存在一个或多个不整合,或是本组的中部为凝缩沉积,即在白垩系-古近系界线处的沉积速率非常缓慢。Tayzhuzgen组顶部有一个显著的不整合,那里中或晚始新世(Arshantan,Irdinmanhan或Egilian陆生哺乳动物"期")的地层存在于含哺乳动物化石剖面的底部。斋桑盆地的白垩系-古近系界线位于古斋桑湖沉积剖面的下部。这不是一个完整的界线剖面,可能是一个包含有一个或多个不整合和/或一个由慢速沉积造成的凝缩剖面。