桂林城市地面岩溶热蚀沉降遥感预测

通过对Landsat热红外波段TM6、近红外波段TM5和可见光波段TM1的综合信息图像处理，结合丫吉村岩溶水文地质试验场土层下石灰岩蚀随气温变化数据以有1987－1996年10年内桂林城市气温观测数据，发现城市热岛效应会对处于特殊岩溶地质环境中的桂林市造成一种特殊影响－－城市地面整体岩溶热蚀沉降。在此基础上，建立了桂林城市岩溶热蚀沉降动力学模型和发展演化模型，从而为开展基于t－GIS的桂林城市地面整体岩溶热蚀1沉降定量预测提供了理论与技术依据。     

泉州市城市化进程中的热岛效应遥感研究

利用Landsat TM/ETM+ 热红外图像研究了泉州市1989~2000年间城市热岛的分布与变化情况。研究表明，泉州市热岛面积随城市扩展而增大，并与城市扩展方向和发展趋势相同。对不同时相的热力场进行正规化处理以克服不同季节间的温度差异，便于进行比较，并采用景观分析方法对泉州市热力场的形态、特征进行了分析，发现其主要由热团、热环和碎片体组成，最后，提出了治理和改善泉州市热岛效应的有效措施。     

用Landsat TM热红外通道资料调查热量资源的方法探讨

本文论述了用Landsat TM热红外通道资料调查热量资源的原理及定标方法。最后介绍通过解 译取得的一些成果。     

武汉市城区热场变化的遥感检测与影响因素分析

以TM/ETM 热红外波段为基本分析数据,通过数据处理得到武汉市城区及其近郊可对比的热红外像对辐射值,提取了研究区建筑物、绿地及水体等下垫面信息。在此基础上,对研究区1988年和2002年的热场时空分布和变化特征进行了分析,指出研究区热场影响因素按作用大小依次为建筑物、绿地和水体。同时表明,采用热辐射较为稳定的水体DN值对热红外波段数据做规范化处理,所得热辐射相对值具有很好的时空可对比性。     

中心城区不透水表面与城市热岛效应关系研究

不透水地表作为城市土地覆盖类型的重要组分,其分布格局与密度大小对城市生态系统服务功能会产生相反且决定性的作用,其中对地表的增温效应是城市热岛问题关注的核心内容。本研究通过线性光谱混合分解模型提取城市不透水地表,基于Landsat TM6热红外波段数据的单窗算法反演地表温度,并进行两者的关系研究。结果表明:城市不透水地表与地温空间分布格局呈现高度相似性,其数值都随距城市中心距离增加而逐渐减小,定量分析表明两者具有明显的指数相关关系。     

利用温湿度指数提高红树林遥感识别精度

针对使用TM图像反射波段信息难以将红树林与陆地植被、尤其是与水体—植被混合像元有效区分的问题,结合不同潮位的TM图像,基于反射波段信息,引入TM6热红外波段信息,提出了温湿度指数(temperature-moisture index,TMI)。分析结果表明,综合潮位信息、热红外波段信息及温湿度指数能显著提高红树林与其他地物之间的可分性。采用光谱角度制图(spectral angle mapping,SAM)监督分类法对红树林进行分类识别,较之其他研究者所采用的分类特征,热红外波段信息及温湿度指数能使红树林分类精度明显提高(Kappa系数提高了0.14,错分率降低了19.9%),说明利用潮位信息、热红外波段信息及温湿度指数可以提高红树林的遥感识别精度。     

近30年武汉市热环境格局演化机制及扩散模式研究

基于1987—2015年间Landsat TM/TIRS数据反演主城区的地表温度并进行归一化处理,分析武汉市热环境格局的演化机制,并探讨了其扩散模式特征。研究结果表明,武汉市主城区在近30 a间城市热环境格局发生了较大变化,随着城市建设用地的扩张,热环境格局的扩散模式由起初的点状分布向条状、带状和面状分布演变;武汉市热环境格局的形成与演化机制与太阳辐射、大气环流和下垫面性质等自然因素以及城市建设与发展阶段、规划政策等人为因素密切相关。     

夏季城市热场的卫星遥感分析

利用1998年8月4日上海幅TM6图像,经定位、配准、纠正、图像处理、噪声剔除、亮温标定及特征提取等步骤,得出上海市亮温分布场,同时对其热力景观、细部结构及其成因做了分析。实践证明,TM6图像可作为城市热环境质量评价、生态城市规划的背景资料和依据。     

不同遥感影像的城市热岛空间分布特征分析

针对传统的地面观测方式很难全面掌握城市地面热岛的空间分布情况的问题,该文将HJ-1B卫星热红外图像代表的亮温图和采用HJ-1B卫星反演的温度图像正规化,利用量化等级体系对同一地区的亮温分布图和温度分布图进行划分,提出并采用间隙度指数对不同影像的高温区进行空间分布进行评价。实验结果表明:基于热红外影像的城市热岛空间分布比基于热红外影像反演的温度图的热岛空间分布更为集中,为研究不同影像之间的城市热岛空间分布提供了一种评价方法。     

热红外目标的多标度分形识别模型

利用机载热红外成像光谱仪（TASI）获取的热红外图像,进行了温度与比辐射率分离,然后采用多标度分形模型进行阈值分割,建立了一种新的热红外影像目标探测方法。实验结果表明,温度的空间分布具有多标度分形特征,即对lgL（r）与lgr进行分段拟合。利用多标度分形模型提取的温度阈值进行城市热红外影像的精细目标识别,并成功提取了建筑物目标。     

Bi-temporal characterization of land surface temperature in relation to impervious surface area,NDVI and NDBI,using a sub-pixel image analysis

As more than 50% of the human population are situated in cities of the world, urbanization has become an important contributor to global warming due to remarkable urban heat island (UHI) effect. UHI effect has been linked to the regional climate, environment, and socio-economic development. In this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery, respectively acquired in 1989 and 2001, were utilized to assess urban area thermal characteristics in Fuzhou, the capital city of Fujian province in south-eastern China. As a key indicator for the assessment of urban environments, sub-pixel impervious surface area (ISA) was mapped to quantitatively determine urban land-use extents and urban surface thermal patterns. In order to accurately estimate urban surface types, high-resolution imagery was utilized to generate the proportion of impervious surface areas. Urban thermal characteristics was further analysed by investigating the relationships between the land surface temperature (LST), percent impervious surface area, and two indices, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The results show that correlations between NDVI and LST are rather weak, but there is a strong positive correlation between percent ISA, NDBI and LST. This suggests that percent ISA, combined with LST, and NDBI, can quantitatively describe the spatial distribution and temporal variation of urban thermal patterns and associated land-use/land-cover (LULC) conditions.     

基于影像的Landsat TM/ETM+数据正规化技术

阐述了基于影像的LandsatTM／ETM^＋的数据正规化技术及其发展。该技术通过将Landsat影像的亮度值转换成传感器处的辐射值和反射率采对影像进行辐射校正。实例表明，使用正规化技术处理后的影像可以明显削弱日照和大气的影响，去除它们产生的噪声；其所书的传感器处的反射率与地面实测反射率的RMS值非常小。     

Use of Landsat Thematic Mapper for urban land use/land cover mapping

Visual interpretation of Landsat Thematic Mapper data coupled with ground checking has been used to extract information for urban areas. The emphasis has been given on development of land use/land cover scheme and image interpretation keys for interpretation and delineation purposes using satellite remote sensing data. Lucknow city and its surroundings have been studied to evaluate the usefulness and potentiality of satellite data particularly Landsat Thematic Mapper for urban area studies. This study has demonstrated that remote sensing can provide a valuable tool for urban data acquisition.     

Glacial mapping using landsat thematic mapper data: A case study in parts of gangotri glacier, NW himalaya

Glacial mapping is difficult and hazardous because of the remoteness and inaccessibility of the terrain. In this context, remotely-sensed data from satellites provide valuable information on glaciers and the associated landforms. It is important to note that judicious selection of spectral bands is critical in mapping the glacial features. Glacial landforms in parts of Gangotri glacier, NW Himalaya, have been delineated using selected bands of Landsat Thematic Mapper Data. Digital image processing of Landsat data has helped in identifying the major features of the Gangotri glacier such as accumulation and ablation zones, and glacial moraines. The study shows that Thematic Mapper bands 4, 5 and 7 are more useful in snow mapping because of their distinct spectral discriminability in identifying the glacial features.     

Analyzing Change in Yellowstone's Terrestrial Emittance with Landsat Imagery

Yellowstone National Park (YNP) contains the world's largest concentration of geothermal features and is legally mandated to protect and monitor these natural features. Remote sensing is a component of the current geothermal monitoring plan. Landsat satellite data have a substantial historical archive and will continue to be collected into the future, making it the only available thermal imagery for historical analysis and long-term monitoring of geothermal areas in the entirety of YNP. Landsat imagery from Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensors was used to examine change trajectories for terrestrial emittance among spatial groupings from 1986 to 2007. Trajectories of locations with known change events were also examined. Relationships between the spatial groupings and several change vectors (distance to geologic faults, distance to large water bodies, and distance to earthquake swarms) were explored. The analysis showed the strongest relationship between absolute difference in terrestrial emittance and earthquake swarms, with 34% of the variation explained. Certain known change events were reflected in the change trajectories, while the Landsat imagery was not able to detect other known events. This suggests that Landsat imagery might be a useful tool for monitoring geothermal responses in YNP, but cannot be expected to suffice as the sole monitoring tool.     

太湖梅梁湖湾蓝藻生物量遥感估算

本文利用陆地卫星TM数据和图像处理方法对太湖富营养化严重的梅梁湖区的浮游蓝藻生物量作了遥感估算。1992年夏季在海梁湖开展了星地同步浮游藻类监测,获得了湖中16个采样点的现场叶绿素a生物量(Q_a)和蓝藻生物量(Q_B)数据,并利用这两组数据分别建立了与差异植被指数DVI的遥感回归模型,从而得到水体中叶绿素a以及蓝藻生物量的空间分布信息。从遥感定量模型出发,运用逐个像元积分统计技术,估算出梅梁湖叶绿素a总量为2133kg、蓝藻总量为178.2t.与地面方法相比,遥感估算方法充分利用了TM数据中的浮游藻类含量分布与变化信息,具有较高的估算精度。     

归一化光谱分解模型在城市化信息提取中的应用

以2001年7月11日LandsatETM7影像和2009年7月16日TM影像为数据源,基于V-I-S理论模型,采用归一化光谱分解模型提取了乌鲁木齐市区范围内2个时段的植被、土壤、不透水层3个连续地表参数分量。通过对不透水层不同阈值的划分,提取了2时段的乌鲁木齐市城市发展的空间信息,结果较为满意;通过空间叠加计算方式获取了8年来乌鲁木齐市城市化发展的空间信息和主要拓展方向。结果表明,乌鲁木齐城市化发展速度较快,特别是北扩趋势显著。     

利用遥感指数时间序列轨迹监测森林扰动

作为陆地生态系统的主体,森林的碳循环与碳蓄积对研究陆地生态系统起着重要作用,但目前森林扰动资料的缺乏在很大程度上影响着森林碳通量的估算精度。利用1986年-2011年共14期的Landsat TM/ ETM+影像,以江西武宁县为例,使用遥感指数时间序列轨迹分析方法,研究了适用于中国南方森林的扰动监测技术,该技术不仅可以识别森林的扰动变化,同时还可以监测植被的恢复信息。精度分析表明该方法得出的扰动产品的Kappa系数达到0.80,总体精度达到89.7%,表明该方法对武宁县森林扰动具有较好的监测能力。森林扰动特征分析表明武宁县森林在20世纪90年代受扰动最为剧烈,并且扰动主要发生在低海拔地区。     

Spatial modelling of sprinkler irrigation suitability in a Central Brazilian Cerrado region

Sprinkler irrigation, an agricultural production system that is causing increasing conflict among water resource users, is expanding quickly in the Central Western Cerrado regions of Brazil. To subsidize watershed management and concession of water rights, GIS-based spatial modelling was applied to spatially predict relative likelihood of the installation of centre sprinkler irrigation systems. Interpretation of multitemporal Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper imagery was conducted to map spatial distribution of centre-pivot sprinkler systems. Multi-source data layers on environmental conditions and infrastructure were elaborated to test their predictive power in an Ecological Niche Factor Analysis, a spatial modelling technique for presence-only data. Underpinned by an exploratory analysis of spatial autocorrelation of irrigation systems, suitability predictions were found to be accurate on landscape scale and improved when the model includes underlying ecogeographical factors (EGV) such as farming suitability, soil groupings and distance to the hydrographic network and a density layer of existing irrigations.