Multielement Analysis of Deep Sea Ferromanganese Nodules by ICP-MS

Deep-sea ferromanganese nodules were dissolved by HNO 3 -HF-HClO in a sealed container at low pressure; HF was evaporated in an open container and salts were dissolved in HCl by heating, then transferred to a 2% HNO 3 solution. Forty-one elements including Li, Be, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Cd, In, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U, were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Conditions and sample experiments showed that this procedure is a good experimental method with the characteristics of correct principle, clear interference, easy operation, and reliable results. The concentrations of the 41 elements could be used for resource exploration, environmental assessment, and academic research.     

红树植物红海榄叶化学组成研究

对红树植物红海榄叶的基本化学成分水分,灰分,灰分中酸不溶物,灰分中S(SO42-),粗蛋白,粗脂肪等及氨基酸和微量元素的组成和含量进行了系统的分析测定。其基本化学组成各成分含量分别为:水分(69.18%),灰分(3.04%),灰分中酸不溶物(0.094%),灰分中S(SO42-)(0.052%),粗脂肪(7.75%),粗蛋白(7.14%);测得了红海榄叶中17种氨基酸,其总含量为10.7mg/g,其中人体必须氨基酸有7种,占所含氨基酸总量约26%;采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱仪对红海榄叶进行了31种微量元素的分析测定,测得了其中18种元素的含量,红海榄叶中含有丰富的人体必须的矿物质元素。     

Trace elements in ferromanganese nodules from the central indian ocean basin

Thirty-three bulk ferromanganese nodules from the sediment–water interface of siliceous sediment domain from the Central Indian Ocean Basin were analyzed for 50 elements including 6 new (Be, As, Se, Sn, Sb, and Bi) using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer. The Mn/Fe ratio and triangular plot (Fe-Mn-{Cu+Ni+Co?×?10}) suggest that ferromanganese nodules are of hydrogenetic, early diagenetic, and diagenetic origin. In the ferromanganese nodules, Mo, Sb, Bi, and As are highly enriched ～320, 160, 90, and 50 times compared with upper continental crust, respectively. A majority of the elements such as Be, Sc, Ti, V, Co, As, Se, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Sn, rare earth elements (REEs), Pb, Bi, P, Th, U, Hf, and Ta are associated with Fe, whereas, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mo, Li, Ga, Sb, Mg, and Cs are associated with Mn in the ferromanganese nodules. Redox proxies such as U/Th (0.14) and Mo/Mn (0.0019) ratio in the ferromanganese nodules suggest their formation under oxic conditions.     

壳寡糖及其全乙酰化衍生物的制备及结构表征

探讨了壳寡糖及全乙酰壳寡糖的制备方法,通过正交实验考察了原料、温度、时间对降解产物的影响.制备了八种寡糖（八乙酰壳二糖、十一乙酰壳三糖、十四乙酰壳四糖和十七乙酰壳五糖,以及N,N′-二乙酰壳二糖、N,N′,N″-三乙酰壳三糖、N,N′,N″,N′′′四乙酰壳四糖和N,N′,N″,N′′′,N′′′′-五乙酰壳五糖）,并通过IR、NMR及MS等确定了其化学结构.     

Variability of the fields of concentration of microelements and strontium in seawater near the South Coast of the Crimea in 2002–2007

We study the space-and-time variability of the concentrations of 27 microelements (Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Se, Sb, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Hf, Hg, Pb, Au, Th, and U) and Sr in the sea, river, and waste waters of the South Coast of Crimea in 2002–2007. Parallel with the data about elements studied earlier, we present, for the first time, the data of investigations of the contents of rareearth elements (Lu, Nd and Yb) whose concentrations in the major part of the analyzed samples of seawater were lower than the limit of their quantitative determination. We present the ranges of the concentrations of elements and perform their comparison with the data of the previous period of monitoring.     

东海陆架晚第四纪沉积物化学成分及物源示踪

东海陆架EA1孔和EA5孔沉积物化学成分变化范围较大。与东海陆架表层沉积物相比，钻孔沉积物的Si,Al,Mg,Mn,Ti,P,Ba,Zr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cr明显偏高，而Fe,Na,Ca,Sr,Li,U明显偏低，与全球大陆地壳化学组成相比，钻孔沉积物的Si,Li,Rb,Ba,Th,Zr,Hf,Cu,Zn,Pb偏高，而Al,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Ti,P,Sr,U,Co,Ni,V,Cr偏低，钻孔沉积物的化学成分在垂向上具有明显变化，主要受岩性和沉积环境的控制，钻孔沉积物中元素的富集因子（EF）均小于10，接近于1，表明钻孔沉积物主要来自大陆地壳，一些元素因分异或外来物质加入而富集，一些元素则因分异带出而亏损，钻孔沉积物源区的DF值判别表明，钻孔沉积物与现代黄河，长江沉积物均有亲缘关系，可能是在末次冰期最盛期，由于气候带南移，干旱区域扩大，在古长江搬运沉积物中类似现今黄河沉积物的干旱组分明显增加，从而导致了地球化学示踪结果的长江与黄河双重性，或者说古气候的变化导致了古长江搬运物质成分的变化。     

海底热液活动的环境与产物

近23年的调查研究,使我们认识到分布于洋中脊、弧后盆地、岛弧和热点等环境的海底热液活动发育在多种围岩类型之上,包括超基性岩石、基性岩石、中性岩石、酸性岩石和沉积物。海底热液活动经历了岩浆去气作用、流体-岩石/沉积物相互作用和流体-海水混合,获取了岩浆、岩石、海水和沉积物的物质,构成了热液循环,产生了高温、低氧、高或低pH值、富含Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、As等元素以及气体组分（甲烷、氢等）的喷口流体,影响了海水、沉积、岩石和生物环境,形成了热液柱、硫化物、含金属沉积物和蚀变岩石等热液产物,组成了海底热液系统。未来,促进海底热液活动探测技术和热液产物测试方法的发展,对海底热液区的岩石、喷口流体、热液柱、硫化物、含金属沉积物以及热液循环、生物活动的持续观测与研究,无疑将为人类探知海底地质过程及生命活动、保护海底热液环境和合理开发利用海底资源提供有力的工作支撑。     

Accumulation of Subcolloidal Fraction Elements of Bottom Sediments in Amur Bay (Sea of Japan)

Oceanology - The mean contents of elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, V, Co, Cd, Ni, As, Sc, Ga, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, W, Th, Mo) in the subcolloidal fraction of bottom sediments in the northern part of...     

Occurrence forms and distribution of precious and base metals in ferromanganese crusts from the Sea of Japan

The examination of polished sections of ferromanganese crusts from the Sea of Japan revealed abundant inclusions of small grains of base and precious metals: Ag, Pd, Pt, Au, Rh, Cu, Zn, Sn, P, Ni, Cr, Ti, Sb, As, W, and Mo. The metals occur in the form of native elements or intermetallic compounds, subordinate sulfides, sulfates, oxides, tungstates, and phosphides. The data on contents, occurrence forms, and distribution of these metals in the ore crusts from this region are discussed.     

Checklist of the planktonic marine dinoflagellates of New Zealand

ABSTRACT

Planktonic dinoflagellate records for New Zealand are substantial due to intense monitoring programmes that have taken place on behalf of New Zealand’s biotoxin regulators and the shellfish industry since 1993. At that time a Karenia bloom caused human illnesses and shellfish harvesting ceased until monitoring was instigated. Phytoplankton records are based on morphological identification using light microscopy but are backed up by government funded research programmes which implement techniques such as electron microscopy, DNA sequencing, molecular detection assays and high throughput sequencing of environmental DNA. This checklist will support management of aquaculture industries, recreational shellfish harvests and environmental health initiatives. Some genera are considered benthic or epiphytic, but have lengthy planktonic life stages. Forty-five genera in the class Dinophyceae Fritsch are reported: Akashiwo, Alexandrium, Amphidinium, Amylax, Azadinium, Biecheleria, Bysmatrum, Cachonina, Cochlodinium (synonym: Margalefidinium), Coolia, Dicroerisma, Dinophysis, Diploneis, Diplopsalis, Fragilidium, Glenodinium, Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, Gyrodinium, Heterocapsa, Karenia, Karlodinium, Lepidodinium, Lingulodinium, Margalefidinium, Ostreopsis, Oxyphysis, Pelagodinium, Pentapharsodinium, Phalacroma, Podolampas, Polarella, Polykrikos, Prorocentrum, Protodinium, Protoodinium, Protoperidinium, Pseliodinium, Scrippsiella, Takayama, Togula, Torodinium, Tripos, Vulcanodinium, Wolosynska. Other genera belonging to the Infraphylum Dinoflagellata also occur in New Zealand waters. They are not in the list but include Noctiluca, Pronoctiluca and Spatulodinium (Class: Noctilucophyceae) and Oxyrrhis (Class: Oxyrrhidophyceae).     

安徽省淮北平原第四纪孢粉序列

木文根据淮北平原多年来积累的孢粉资料,通过区域地层对比,2.5Ma以来共划分10个孢粉组合,为重建本区古气候提供了重要依据。     

金乌贼热休克蛋白基因的挖掘及对低盐胁迫的响应

热休克蛋白(heat shock proteins:HSPs)为动植物响应外界胁迫产生的一类蛋白质,能有效改善机体对外界胁迫的适应能力.本研究基于先前获得的低盐胁迫金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)高通量转录组数据,对与低盐胁迫密切相关的热休克蛋白(热休克蛋白家族和晶体蛋白(crystallin)家族)基因进行挖...     

胶州湾水体四季之交之时的污染状况研究

2003年5月至2004年2月期间,对胶州湾海域进行4个航次的现场调查,根据海洋监测规范对采集水样的pH值、DO、COD、石油、重金属等化学指标进行测定,并对水质现状进行评价.结果表明,2003年5月胶州湾海域DO,COD,石油和Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,总Hg的质量浓度平均值分别为:6.63,1.51,0.038和2.58,24.86,1.05,0.096,0.043 μg/L;2003年8月DO,COD,石油和Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,总Hg的质量浓度平均值分别为:5.61,1.27,0.026和3.9,20.5,0.77,0.13,0.041 μg/L;2003年11月DO,COD,石油和Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,总Hg的质量浓度平均值分别为:7.27,1.86,0.016和4.02,16.55,0.63,0.093,0.06 μg/L;2004年2月DO,COD,石油和Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,总Hg的平均值分别为:10.1,2.38,0.011和3.45,18.18,0.64.0.16,0.051 μg/L.海泊河口和黄岛轮渡水质已接近重污染;重金属Pb和Zn在部分海区受到轻度污杂;有机物污染呈现加重的趋势.     

盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍等位酶的生化遗传分析

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对盘鲍(Haliotis discus discus)和皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)的养殖群体进行了10种等位酶的电泳检测和谱带遗传分析。确定了盘鲍的18个等位酶位点及21个等位基因,单态位点有15个;仅有3个位点是多态的,它们是Sod-1,Est-3,Mdh-1(P0.99标准),多态位点的百分数为16．67％,这些多态位点分析到2个等位基因。确定了皱纹盘鲍的18个等位酶位点及20个等位基因,单态位点有16个;仅有2个位点是多态的,它们是Sod-1,Est-3(P0.99标准),多态位点的百分数为11．11％,这些多态位点中也分析到2个等位基因。盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍在所有位点中共享大多数常见等位基因,因此在生化遗传上它们非常相似。该研究揭示了盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍养殖群体等位酶位点及其等位基因带谱的变异式样,为盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍的遗传结构及遗传育种的研究提供了一批等位酶位点及其等位基因的参考图谱。     

天津厚蟹对盐度和温度的耐受性

研究了天津厚蟹Helice tientsinensis对盐度和温度的耐受性。天津厚蟹对盐度的耐受能力极强,在温度9~34℃盐度为0的淡水介质中均能存活96h以上;在10℃、20℃及30℃的高渗介质中暴露96h后,天津厚蟹全部存活的盐度分别是65、56和50,全部死亡的盐度分别为83、74和68。天津厚蟹对低温的耐受力较强,在0、30和50盐度水平下,耐受低温的能力差别较大,能耐受96h的最低温度分别是9℃、2℃和6℃。天津厚蟹对高温也有较强的耐受能力,在0、30和50盐度水平下,分别在34℃、36℃和35℃下能耐受96h;盐度50温度38℃时,在开始的24h内无死亡,但48h后死亡率急剧上升,同样规律也出现在30和0溶液中,前者温度是39℃,后者为35℃。研究结果还表明盐度和温度的交互效应显著,二者的交互作用对天津厚蟹的存活亦有显著性影响(P0.05),温度升高(从10℃到20℃再到30℃)致使其耐盐能力显著下降,而盐度的剧烈变化(从30到50或从30到0)也致使其耐温能力显著下降。     

The Bengal Fan: Some preliminary results from ODP drilling

Three deep holes, with a maximum penetration of 960 m below sea floor, were drilled into the distal Bengal Fan just south of the equator during ODP Leg 116. The entire section recovered is dominated by sandy silt and mud turbidites derived from the Ganges Delta and from the continental margin of the western Bay of Bengal, interbedded with thin pelagic clays and with biogenic turbidites probably from a local sea mount source. The effects of Hi-Malayan uplift, sea level fluctuations, local tectonics, and fan channel/lobe processes have closely interacted to produce the observed sedimentary record of the past 17 million years since the early Miocene.Coauthors include: James R. Cochran, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (Co-chief scientist); Dorrik A. V. Stow, Nottingham University, England (Co-chief scientist); Christian A. Auroux, Texas A & M University, USA (ODP staff scientist); Kazou Amano, Ibaraki University, Japan; Peter S. Balson, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Notts, England; Jacques Boulegue, Pierre & Marie Curie University, Paris, France; Garrett W. Brass, University of Miami, Florida, USA; Jeffrey Corrigan, University of Texas, Austin, USA; Stefan Gartner, Texas A & M University, USA; Stuart A. Hall, University of Houston, Texas, USA; Silvia Iaccarino, University of Parma, Italy; Toshio Ishizuka, University of Tokyo, Japan; trena Kacmarska, Mount Allison University, New Brunswick, Canada; Heidemarie Kassens, Kiel University, West Germany; Gregory Leger, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Franca Proto Decima, University of Padova, Italy; C. V. Raman, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India; William W. Sager, Texas A & M University, USA; Kozo Takahashi, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA; Thomas Thompson, 580 Euclid Ave, Boulder, Colo, USA; Jean-Jacques Tiercelin, University of Bretagne, Brest, France; Mark Townsend, University of Nottingham, England; Andreas Wetzel, Tubingen University, West Germany; N. P. Wijayananda, National Aquatatic Resource Agency, Colombo, Sri Lanka; and Colin Williams, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory.     

海藻中稀土元素的初步研究

于１９９６年３月地岛海区采集了８种常见海藻,采用中子活化法（ＰＣＡ－Ⅱ／ＮＡＡ）测定了其中的Ｌａ、Ｓｍ、Ｃｅ、Ｅｕ、Ｌｕ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｃ、Ｙｂ等８种稀土元素的总含量及其水溶性成分的比例,并与国外报道的相关数据作了比较。结果表明,海藻中含有比陆地植物丰富得多的稀土元素,绿藻中的石莼,刺松藻含量最丰,     

Vertical physicochemical parameter distributions and health risk assessment for trace metals in water columns in eastern Lake Tanganyika,Tanzania

The vertical distributions of trace metals and physicochemical parameters in water columns in Kigoma Bay and Kungwe Bay in eastern Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, were studied. The Al, Ba, Ca, Co,K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Sn, Sr, and V concentrations were low and varied very little with depth. The toxic heavy metal(As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were relatively high in the surface water, and the Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations decreased with depth. Principal component and cluster analyses indicated that the metals in the lake had three main sources. Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Sr, Sn, and V were found to be geogenic; As, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn anthropogenic; and As, Ca, Co, Mg, and Na biogenic.Human health risk assessments were performed, and it was found that trace metals in the water at most of the sampling sites would cause no potential adverse ef fects or non-carcinogenic health risks through dermal contact or ingestion. However, trace metals in surface water in Kungwe Bay could have certain adverse ef fects on human health through the ingestion pathway(the total hazard quotient for ingestion(ΣHQi ng)was 1.75(a value >1 was de?ned as possibly indicating adverse ef fects). The Pb HQi ng for surface water in Kungwe Bay was 1.50 and contributed >80% of the ΣHQ_(ing_, implying that Pb pollution is a water quality and safety problem that needs to be carefully monitored and the potential sources identi?ed.     

Accumulation and Cycle of Heavy Metals in Sonneratia apetala and S. caseolaris Mangrove Community at Futian of Shenzhen, China

Wetland ecosystem in the Shenzhen Bay is one of the internationally important ecosystems in South China Region. Its core, with the Mai Po Mangrove Nature Reserve in Hong Kong on the one side and the Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve in Shenzhen on the other side, provides habitats for many rare and endangered wild birds, especially for migratory birds[1, 2]. With the economic development in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, a large mount of silt and untreated waste water are poured into the Shenzhe…     

南黄海NT2孔沉积地球化学及其物源

对苏北岸外南黄海陆架区NT2孔岩心进行了地球化学分析和物源判别。南黄海NT2孔化学成分分布表现出一定的分层性,常微量元素组成的垂向变化可自上而下分为5层,常微量元素的R-型聚类分析表明初步可分成5个聚类,R-型因子分析反映常微量元素主要受4个因子控制。研究发现南黄海NT2孔沉积物物源主要为长江和黄河,NT2孔上部0～5·50和5·50～19·40m沉积物以长江源为主,19·40～27m沉积物以黄河源为主,底部54·60m以下沉积物以长江源为主,其间夹近28m厚的沉积物则以长江源为主。结果表明黄河在中更新世中晚期已开始对南黄海陆架沉积作用有明显的影响,长江从晚更新世早期到现代一直对南黄海陆架起着主要作用。