以声发射估计岩石试样先存应力的新方法

利用声发射话动的凯塞（Kaiser）效应测定岩石先存最大应力已成为声发射技术的重要应用领域。目前,判断岩石凯塞效应对应应力的方法仍被重视。作者在研究岩石在单轴压缩条件下的声发射话动时发现:除了通过凯塞效应可测定岩石的先存最大应力之外,还可根据重复加载时声发射话动的某些特点推断出加载前的先存最大应力,从而进一步验证和提高了利用凯塞效应测定先存最大应力的可靠性。重复加载时声发射话动在一定技术条件下会出现这样的特点:在应力达到第一次加载的最大应力值时出现凯塞效应;而在此之前,当应力达到加载前岩石的先存最大应力值时,声发射话动相对其前后有所特殊。作者认为,这种现象可能反映了材料对先前经历过的损伤的记忆能力。本文初步探讨了这一现象的物理基础。     

利用岩石声发射凯塞效应测定岩体地应力

将砂岩在整个变形阶段的声发射信号特征可划分为加载初期、压密阶段、裂纹稳定扩展阶段、裂纹非稳定扩展阶段、砂岩破坏阶段5部分。利用岩样声发射信号的特征,确定出岩石的凯塞效应点与其裂纹稳定扩展阶段的起始点相对应,并进一步得出岩石凯塞效应点的上限为裂纹稳定扩展阶段的终点,裂纹非稳定扩展阶段的起始点。凯塞效应点受岩样两端面的平行度、压机加载速率等有关,岩样端面不平整,在加载初期会有强烈的声发射信号;压机加载速率过大,声发射信号可能显示不出来或被后续更强的声发射信号所掩盖。计算出深度为670m处巷道周围天然应力3个主应力的大小和方向,与在现场用应力解除法和水压致裂法测得的天然应力相比,其数值基本一致,但方向存在一定的偏差。     

岩石破裂滑动过程及其声发射数值模拟

运用岩石破裂与失稳过程分析RFPA2D系统, 对滑动形成过程进行了数值模拟研究。滑动岩体似为非均匀弹 -脆岩石材料, 模拟结果再现了滑动形成从变形到破坏直至失稳的全过程及其声发射规律。     

The Model YSZ-2 Rock Acoustic Emission Apparatus

The design principles of a rock acoustic emission remotemeasuring, automatic control, and time-recording system developed for the research of the basic properties of rock mechanics and field monitoring and measurement of rock engineering projects are reported in this paper. The working principles and structures of the seven unites of the system have been described in detail. The results of monitoring and measurement accomplished by the system are also evaluated. Laboratory and field practices have demonstrated that the system possesses satisfactory application effects.     

岩石声发射技术的应用现状

介绍了我国内外岩石声发射技术在测定地应力、钻进监测、岩石力学与岩石破碎学研究、坑道岩体稳定性监测等方面的应用现状及发展趋势。     

On Tension Failure of 2-D Rock Specimens and Associated Acoustic Emission

Summary To understand the failure mechanism of quasi-brittle materials like rock under tensile stress, observations on the failure process of granite and marble plate specimens under tension are summarized and presented. Micro- and macro-failure properties of rock plates under uniaxial tension have been characterized by using an acoustic emission technique. Acoustic emission signals associated with micro-fractures are captured to locate the sources. An algorithm based on arrival time difference is developed for this purpose. The results reveal clearly the failure processes of rock which include initiation, nucleation and propagation of micro-fractures when the axial stress is close to the peak strength of rock. It is believed that the difference in heterogeneity between granite and marble specimens leads to different fracture shapes and different behaviors of associated acoustic emissions. Numerical simulation of acoustic emissions for two-dimensional tensile test is also carried out. The simulated characteristics are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

声发射预报地震的岩体力学分析

岩体受压破坏是由于岩体内裂纹扩展及新的宏观裂纹产生不断积累的结果,大规模岩体受压破坏前会发生局部岩体的先前断裂破坏。裂纹起裂、快速扩展和止裂会产生声发射现象,局部岩体断裂破坏会产生强烈的声发射现象,通过对岩体声发射的监测分析可以预报受压岩体破坏的时间。因此,通过对地壳岩体声发射的监测分析,可以进行地震的短期和临震预报。通过对岩体受压应力分布规律的分析,得出通过监测地壳浅部地应力和地形变预报地震是没有实际意义的结论。     

岩石力学研究中AE和CT装置的应用——介绍日本京都大学岩石力学研究近况

<正> AE和CT是什么装置?如何能用于岩石力学的研究?以下对它们作简单的介绍。AE是Acoustic Emission的缩写,即声发射。在受荷载作用的岩石内部,微裂纹的扩展或产生新的微裂纹时均有AE发生。日本京都大学工学部资源工学专业开发工学研究室于1979年研制并在以后完善了带时间序列的AE计测系统装置,这样即使岩石蠕变时微裂纹的细小变化,它也能按时标准确地记录下来。有了对应于应力的AE发生的时间序列,就可详细地弄明岩石的破坏过程,从而获得岩石主破坏的前兆信息。     

Research on Damage and Acoustic Emission Properties of Rock Under Uniaxial Compression

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - In this paper, the YSSZ-500A rock biaxial rheological tester was used to investigate the acoustic emission characteristics of coal seam roof rock under...     

基于小波包分析的岩石声发射测量地应力

根据目前岩石声发射确定Kaiser点存在的问题采用小波包分析研究方法,在单轴加载岩石声发射试验的基础上,首先提出了基于小波包变换的Kaiser点信号的信噪分离方法,其次确定了Kaiser点信号的频率范围,最后利用小波包分析对岩石声发射信号的能量分布特征进行研究,得到了砂岩Kaiser点信号的特征频带。结果表明,小波包分析是处理岩石声发射Kaiser点信号的一种有效的方法,进而为AE法测量地应力确定Kaiser点奠定了一定的试验基础。     

Role of Acoustic Emission for Solving Rock Engineering Problems in Indonesian Underground Mining

In situ stress measurement is not well accepted yet in Indonesia due to the unavailability of technology, high costs and because it is impractical in remote regions. Alternatively, the Kaiser effect of acoustic emission (AE) can be used as a method for determining the stress-state at depth, without creating induced stress and is practical in remote areas. This paper is focused on the development of the AE test. The research has started to study the phenomenon of stress memory in a rock sample, the factors influencing the phenomenon, and finally, to determine the in situ stresses around underground excavations by applying the AE method. It is expected that knowledge in gaining the most important input parameters for maintaining the stability of underground excavations can be well understood and be reliably conducted at a reasonable cost.