Isotopes and Geochronology of the Meixian-type Pb-Zn-(Ag)Deposits,Central Fujian Rift,South China:Implications for Geological Events

Central Fujian Rift is another new and important volcanogenic massive sulfide Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenetic belt. In order to find out the material genesis and mineralization period of Meixian-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, S and Pb isotope analysis and isotope geochronology of ores and wall rocks for five major deposits are discussed. It is concluded that the composition of sulfur isotope from sulfide ore vary slightly in different deposits and the mean value is close to zero with the 834S ranging from -3.5‰ to ＋5.6‰ averaging at ＋2.0‰, which indicates that the sulfur might originate from magma or possibly erupted directly from volcano or was leached from ore-hosted volcanic rock. The lead from ores in most deposits displays radioactive genesis character （206pb/204pb〉18.140, 207Pb/204pb〉15.584, 208pb/204pb〉38.569） and lead isotope values of ores are higher than those of wall rocks, which indicates that the lead was likely leached from the ore-hosted volcanic rocks. Based on isotope data, two significant Pb-Zn metallogenesis are delineated, which are Mid- and Late-Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative metailogenesis （The single zircon U-Pb, Sm-Nd isochronal and Ar-Ar dating ages of ore- hosted wall rocks are calculated to be among 933-1788 Ma.） and Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal superimposed and alternated metallogenesis （intrusive SHRIMP zircon U-Pb and Rb-Sr isochronal ages between 127-154 Ma）.     

河南内乡县板厂铜多金属矿辉钼矿Re-Os年代学及硫、铅同位素地球化学特征

板厂铜多金属矿床是东秦岭造山带近年来找矿取得重大突破的一处以铜为主的多金属矿床,其上部发育脉状铜铅锌银矿化,下部发育铜钼矿化.通过对矿石中辉钼矿开展Re-Os同位素定年、对花岗岩进行锆石U-Pb定年,结合硫化物的硫、铅同位素特征,讨论了矿床的成矿时代、矿床成因及成矿动力学背景.6件辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为149.8±2.4 Ma~151.5±2.3 Ma,加权平均年龄为150.7±1.9 Ma,等时线年龄为151.0±4.6 Ma,显示成矿作用发生于晚侏罗世.矿区南部纸坊沟花岗斑岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄为148±1 Ma,说明区域上存在成矿期的花岗岩浆活动.11件硫化物硫同位素δ34S_V-CDT值介于-1.2‰~1.2‰,显示深源岩浆硫的特征,206Pb/204Pb值为17.178~17.709,207Pb/204Pb值为15.430~15.528,208Pb/204Pb值为37.476~37.847,与北秦岭燕山期花岗岩和南秦岭地壳基底具一致的铅同位素组成,明显不同于北秦岭地层的铅同位素,成矿物质来源于燕山期岩浆岩.结合矿床地质特征,研究表明板厂铜多金属矿床为与燕山期岩浆有关的类矽卡岩型-热液脉型铜多金属矿床,属岩浆热液成矿系统,形成于岩石圈减薄的构造背景.      

冈底斯西段首例银锡多金属矿床的发现、成因及意义

最新的矿产调查工作在冈底斯西段火山岩区新发现了拔隆银锡多金属矿床,地表矿体表现为受火山沉积断陷盆地边缘逆冲断隆带、火山机构及次级断裂控制的脉状矿体.为了查明该矿床的成因,开展了含矿火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、矿石矿物学、地球化学及S-Pb同位素等研究.结果表明:拔隆矿床含矿火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄为126.5±1.2 Ma,矿物组合以中低温为主、兼有少量中高温矿物,闪锌矿Zn/Cd和Zn/Fe比值变化分别介于321~17 407、2.4~4.4,黄铁矿Co/Ni比值为2.2~3.6,硫化物样品δ34S值变化于2.94‰~4.48‰,206Pb/204Pb比值为18.590~18.779,207Pb/204Pb比值为15.636~15.865,208Pb/204Pb比值为38.883~39.991,具有岩浆硫、上地壳铅特征,矿床的形成与冈底斯西段早白垩世火山活动晚期的次火山热液密切相关.经与世界典型银锡多金属矿床的对比认为,拔隆矿床的成矿特征与世界大型-超大型银锡多金属矿床较相似,地表矿体属于浅成低温热液型银多金属矿体,向下可能发育有斑岩型锡多金属矿体.拔隆矿床富银含锡的成矿特征在冈底斯西段属于首次发现,该发现不仅为研究冈底斯西段火山岩区矿床成因类型提供了新的资料和约束,还极大地拓宽了冈底斯西段火山岩区的找矿视野.      

东昆仑东段那更康切尔银矿硫-铅同位素特征与找矿模型

那更康切尔银矿是东昆仑造山带的大型热液脉型独立银矿床,有望达到超大型规模。以矿区地质特征为研究基础,开展硫化物硫-铅同位素、二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩铅同位素研究,探讨成矿物质来源及两类岩体与成矿的关系。矿区硫化物样品(黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿)的δ34S值介于-6.1‰~3.9‰之间,主体δ34 S值介于-4‰~2.1‰之间,数值集中,指示成矿物质硫源具有深源岩浆硫的特征。矿石铅同位素组成中206 Pb/204 Pb、207 Pb/204 Pb、208 Pb/204 Pb的变化范围分别为18.28~18.62、15.6~15.73、38.38~39.1,矿石铅具有壳幔混合源的特点。矿区内二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为239±1 Ma,(206Pb/204Pb)i、(207Pb/204Pb)i、(208Pb/204Pb)i值分别为18.389~18.585、15.638~15.648、38.288~38.558;花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为252±1 Ma,(206Pb/204Pb)i、(207Pb/204Pb)i、(208Pb/204Pb)i值分别为18.348~18.447、15.625~15.629、38.394~38.412,铅同位素组成投图显示成矿与2类岩浆岩关系较弱,与区域上鄂拉山组火山岩呈较明显的线性相关。那更康切尔银矿与邻区哈日扎铅锌银矿床具有相似的成矿物质来源,硫源具有同一性,且矿石铅同位素组成表现出很明显的线性关系,表明2个矿床的成矿物质具有相近或相似的源区或演化过程。成矿地质条件、成矿物质来源及成矿流体特征均表明两者属中-低温热液脉型矿床。综合本文及前人对那更康切尔银矿床的研究,构建了成矿模式和找矿模型,为区域内同类型银矿床的找矿工作提供了指导作用。     

内蒙古别鲁乌图铜多金属矿床锆石U-Pb年龄和S、Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

为了明确内蒙古别鲁乌图铜多金属矿床的成矿年龄与矿床成因,对该矿床中与成矿关系密切的流纹岩进行了锆石U-Pb年龄以及主要金属硫化物的S、Pb同位素测试。其中流纹岩的锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(271.7±1.6)Ma(MSWD=1.02),显示成矿作用发生于二叠纪。金属硫化物的S同位素分析结果显示δ34SV-CDT值分布在-0.6‰~1.0‰之间,平均为0.49‰,变化范围较窄,显示S的来源单一;Pb同位素组成比较集中,206Pb/204Pb为18.207~18.674,207Pb/204Pb为15.620~15.699,208Pb/204Pb为38.144~38.790,具有壳幔混源的特征。S、Pb同位素特征均指示成矿物质主要来源于岩浆热液。结合区域地质、矿床地质、空间分带等特征以及S、Pb同位素组成可知,别鲁乌图铜多金属矿床为VHMS型矿床,形成于二叠纪陆缘弧裂谷中。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床S、Pb、H、O同位素特征及其指示意义

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床是中国近年来发现的特大型铜铅锌多金属矿床之一,其产出的环境和形成机理为国内外矿床学家所关注。对甲玛铜多金属矿床中代表性岩（矿）石样品进行了S、Pb、H和O同位素分析,并从成矿系统中“源”的角度对其变化规律和成因意义进行了探讨。研究结果表明,甲玛铜多金属矿床的围岩和矿石中δ34S值变化于-4.9‰～0.5‰,在硫同位素直方图上呈塔式分布,成矿热液δ34SΣS在0值附近,与矿区内斑岩体的δ34S组成（-0.2‰～-0.7‰）十分接近。表明了矿石中硫的来源单一,主要来源于岩浆。矿石铅同位素变化范围较大,明显分为两组：第一组样品富放射性成因铅,其206Pb/204Pb变化范围为18.603～18.752,207Pb/204Pb变化范围为15.610～15.686,208Pb/204Pb变化范围为38.910～39.135;第二组样品具有低放射性成因铅特征,其206Pb/204Pb变化范围为18.130～18.270,207Pb/204Pb变化范围为15.470～15.480,208Pb/204Pb变化范围为38.140～38.850。各同位素比值相对稳定,变化范围较小。将含矿斑岩的岩石铅与矿石铅进行综合投图,两种类型的铅并非单阶段正常铅,而是混合铅,有放射性成因铅的加入。可能存在不同的源区或在演化过程中有不同源区物质的混入。氢氧同位素研究结果显示,氢同位素的来源主要为深部的花岗岩体,而氧同位素由于后期大气降水增多、水/岩比值升高,导致含矿石英脉中δ18OH2O降低。因此推断甲玛铜多金属矿床成矿流体早期以深源流体为主,随着成矿过程的演化,大气降水所占的比例也越来越大。     

内蒙古包头—白云鄂博地区金矿的同位素研究

从内蒙古包头至白云鄂博地区,横跨高、中、低级变质岩区,都发现有金矿及金矿化点。对三个主要金矿床的Pb、S、Rb—Sr、K—Ar等同位素的研究表明,成矿物质来自变质岩和花岗岩,成矿时代与古生代晚期华北陆台活化的岩浆作用有关。铅的混合模型说明在不同变质岩区变质岩和花岗岩对矿源的贡献不同。     

内蒙古拜仁达坝及维拉斯托银多金属矿床的硫和铅同位素研究

拜仁达坝和维拉斯托是近年来在内蒙古东部地区发现的2个大型银多金属矿床,文章对其开展了硫和铅同位素研究。结果表明,拜仁达坝矿床矿石中硫化物的δ34S值为-4.0‰～+1.6‰,维拉斯托矿床矿石中硫化物的δ34S值为-0.8‰～+2.0‰,与岩浆热液型矿床的硫同位素值接近,表明这2个矿床中的硫主要来自岩浆。拜仁达坝矿区43件金属硫化物的206Pb/204Pb值为18.333～18.515,207Pb/204Pb值为15.532～15.656,208Pb/204Pb值为38.057～38.610;维拉斯托矿区20件金属硫化物的206Pb/204Pb值为18.304～18.377,207Pb/204Pb值为15.520～15.610,208Pb/204Pb值为38.112～38.435。拜仁达坝东矿区矿石中的铅同位素组成与维拉斯托矿区相似,变化范围小,相对贫放射性铅同位素,并且均为混合铅。矿石中的铅可能来自围岩地层及深源岩浆。     

西藏墨竹工卡县洞中拉铅锌矿床S、Pb同位素组成及成矿物质来源

为了探讨西藏墨竹工卡县洞中拉铅锌矿的成矿物质来源,研究矿床成矿机制,对该矿床的矿石样品进行了硫和铅同位素分析,并对其变化规律和成因意义进行讨论。研究结果表明,6件金属硫化物样品(闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿)的δ34S值变化于2.2‰～4.8‰之间,显示硫同位素组成比较稳定。根据共生硫化物对所确定的温度,该矿床属中低温热液矿床。6件金属硫化物样品206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb变化范围分别为18.628 0～18.629 6、15.698 0～15.699 9、39.077 5～39.082 4,平均值分别为18.628 70、15.699 02和39.079 37。硫和铅同位素研究结果表明,洞中拉铅锌矿床的硫主要来自沉积围岩,主要为无机还原成因,有少量硫来自本地区燕山晚期花岗岩;洞中拉铅锌矿床矿石铅主要来自上地壳物质。     

Genesis of the Wulong gold deposit,Liaoning Province,NE China:Constrains from noble gases,radiogenic and stable isotope studies

TheWulong lode deposit contains over 80 tonnes of gold with an average grade of 5.35 g/t.It is one of the largest deposits in Dandong City,Liaoning Province in northeast China.Previous studies on the deposit focused on its geological characteristics,geochemistry,fluid inclusions,and the timing of gold mineralization.However,controversy remains regarding the origin of the ore-forming fluids and metals,and the genesis of the gold deposit.This paper presents zircon UePb and pyrite RbeSr ages and S,Pb,He,and Ar isotopic results along with quartz H and O isotopic data for all litho-units associated with the deposit.Laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry measurements yielded zircon UePb dates for samples of pre-mineralization rocks like granite porphyry dike,the Sanguliu granodiorite,fine-grained diorite,and syn-mineralization diorite,as well as post-mineralization dolerite,and lamprophyre;their emplacement ages are 126
1 Ma,124
1 Ma,123
1 Ma,120
1 Ma,119
2 Ma,and 115
2 Ma,respectively.The pyrite RbeSr isochron age is 119
1 Ma,indicating that both magmatism and mineralization occurred during the Early Cretaceous.The d18OH2O values of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids from the quartzepolymetallic sulfide vein stage vary from 4.8&to 6.5&,and the dDV-SMOW values are between67.7&and75.9&,indicating that the ore-forming fluids were primarily magmatic.The noble gas isotope compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in pyrite suggest that the ore-forming fluids were dominantly derived from crustal sources with minor mantle input.Sulfur isotopic values of pyrite vary between 0.2&and 3.5&,suggesting that S was derived from a homogeneous magmatic source or possibly from fluids derived from the crust.The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides(207Pb/204Pb?15.51 e15.71,206Pb/204Pb?17.35e18.75,208Pb/204Pb?38.27e40.03)indicate that the Pb of the Wulong gold deposit is a mixture of crust and mantle components.Geochronological and geochemical data,together with the regional geological history,indicate that Early Cretaceous magmatism and mineralization of the Wulong gold deposit occurred during the rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific Plate,which resulted in lithospheric thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton(NCC),which indicates that the deposit is of magmaticehydrothermal origin.     

辽东林家三道沟-小佟家堡子地区金（银）矿成矿特征及成因

以林家三道沟、小佟家堡子金（银）矿床为例,系统总结了区内金（银）矿床的成矿条件及地质特征,对矿床的相关岩体、围岩及矿石进行了流体包裹体、稳定同位素测试分析。结果表明：矿床赋存于古元古界辽河群大石桥亚群杨树沟岩组第6岩段碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造和盖县亚群汤家沟岩组碎屑岩建造中;主要容矿岩石为硅化大理岩、变粒岩、片岩;近矿围岩蚀变主要为硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化和碳酸盐化;自然金的粒度以显微不可见金为主;均一温度（100～200 ℃）、成矿流体盐度（w（NaCl）（1.91 % ～9.73%）均较低;矿石石英中成矿流体δD值为-48.0‰～-93.0‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O计算值为-8.63‰～+1.31‰,表明成矿流体主要来自于地热水和原生地层水;矿石硫同位素δ³⁴S值平均为+8.61‰,赋矿围岩、岩体δ³⁴S为＋0.50‰～＋7.6‰,表明矿石中硫主要来自古元古代地层和印支晚期岩体;金（银）矿石中²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.664～19.186 7,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.044～15.883,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为37.693～38.784,铅源具有壳幔混合源特点。矿床成因类型为沉积变质-岩浆热液叠加型。     

江西冷水坑Ag-Pb-Zn矿田碳、氧、硫、铅同位素特征及成矿物质来源

江西冷水坑矿田是武夷山地区重要的银铅锌集中区之一。无论是世界上少有的斑岩型银铅锌矿床还是火山沉积 热液改造矿床都独具特色,具有很高的研究意义。该矿田的黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿等硫化物的δ34S值变化为-380‰~694‰,平均为187‰。大约为-411‰的δ13C值与峰值约为2‰的δ34S值的很窄分布表明成矿流体中的碳和硫来源于深部岩浆,并不排除地层提供一部分硫和碳的可能性。硫化物矿石的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为17771~17867、15564~15685和38235~38652。地层中火山岩、火山岩沉积岩以及变质岩石的 206Pb/204Pb比值为17899~18220,与矿石铅既有联系又有分离。然而,矿石和花岗斑岩的长石铅中206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值是相近的,它们在208Pb/204Pb 206Pb/204Pb和207Pb/204Pb 206Pb/204Pb图上落在同一条直线上。这条铅同位素混合线两个端员分别为上地壳和地幔。这些证据都强烈地支持了成矿物质主要来源于斑岩岩浆系统,地层对于成矿流体和物质的贡献不可或缺。冷水坑是一个典型的与次火山岩有关的岩浆热液成因的Ag Pb Zn矿田,成矿作用均发生于中国东部燕山中期陆内环境。     

江西相山铀矿田成矿物质来源的Nd、Sr、Rb同位素证据

对相山大型火山岩型铀矿田中邹家山和沙洲铀矿床及其赋矿围岩（碎斑熔岩及次花岗闪长斑岩）进行了Nd、Sr、Pb同位素研究。结果表明：成矿期萤石的εNd(t)值（－6．7～-8．3）和初始^87Sr/^86Sr比值（0．7145－0．7207）与赋矿围岩的εNd(t) 值（－6．2～－9．4）和初始^87Sr/^86Sr比值（0．7121－0．7192）相似。在εNd(t)-tl图上，成矿期萤石数据点的投影域与赋矿围岩的基本吻合，均落在相山元古宙基底演化域范围内。成矿期黄铁矿的铅组成在^206Rb/^204Pb-^207Pb/^204Pb关系图上呈线性分布，而火山岩的铅同位素组成位于此相关线低值一端。利用异常铅线的斜率及成矿年龄计算出富铀体质体的形成年龄为144Ma，这与赋矿围岩的成岩年龄（135－140Ma)接近。因此，相山铀矿田成矿物质主要来自富铀的火山－侵入杂岩,而火山－侵入杂岩则是由类似于地表出露的元古宙基底变质岩部分熔融形成的。由引可见，相山铀矿田的成矿物质主要来源于地壳。     

Geology and Geochemistry of the Buerkesidai and Kuoerzhenkuola Gold Deposits in the Sawuershan Region, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, Northwest China

The Sawuershan region, one of the important gold metallogenic belts of Xinjiang, is located in the western part of the Kalatongke island arc zone of north Xinjiang, NW China. There are two gold deposits in mining, namely the Kuoerzhenkuola and the Buerkesidai deposits. Gold ores at the Kuoerzhenkuola deposit occur within Carboniferous andesite and volcanic breccias in the form of gold‐bearing quartz–pyrite veins and veinlet groups containing native gold, electrum, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Gold ores at the Buerkesidai deposit occur within Carboniferous tuffaceous siltstones in the form of gold‐bearing quartz veinlet groups and altered rocks, with electrum, pyrite and arsenopyrite as major metallic minerals. Both gold deposits are hosted by structurally controlled faults associated with intense hydrothermal alteration. The typical alteration assemblage is sericite + chlorite + calcite + quartz, with an inner pyrite–sericite zone and an outer chlorite–calcite–epidote zone between orebodies and wall rocks. δ³⁴S values (0.3–1.3‰) of pyrite of ores from Kuoerzhenkuola deposit are similar to those (0.4–2.9‰) of pyrite of ores from Buerkesidai deposit. δ³⁴S values (1.1–2.8‰) of pyrite from altered rocks are similar to δ³⁴S values of magmatic or igneous sulfide sulfur, but higher than those from ores. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb data of sulfide from ores range within 17.72–18.56, 15.34–15.61, and 37.21–38.28, respectively. These sulfur and lead isotope compositions imply that ore‐forming materials might originate from multiple, mainly deep sources. He and Ar isotope study on fluid inclusions of pyrites from ores of Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits produces ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar and ³He/⁴He ratios in the range of 282–525 and 0.6–9.4 R/Ra, respectively, indicating a mixed source of deep‐seated magmatic water (mantle fluid) and shallower meteoric water. In terms of tectonic setting, the gold deposits in the Sawuershan region can be interpreted as epithermal. These formations resulted from a combination of protracted volcanic activity, hydrothermal fluid mixing, and a structural setting favoring gold deposition. Fluid mixing was possibly the key factor resulting in Au deposition in the gold deposits in Sawuershan region.     

The trinity pattern of Au deposits with porphyry,quartz–sulfide vein and structurally-controlled alteration rocks in Ciemas,West Java,Indonesia

The Ciemas gold mining area is located in the Sunda arc volcanic rock belt, West Java, Indonesia. Ore bodies are associated with Miocene andesite, dacite and quartz diorite porphyrite. To constrain ore genesis and mineralization significance, a detailed study was recently conducted examining these deposits, which included detailed field observation, petrographic study, petrochemistry, sulfur isotope analyses, zircon U–Pb dating, and fluid inclusion analysis. The results include the following findings. 1) Ore types have been identified as porphyry, a quartz–sulfide vein, and structure-controlled alteration rocks. 2) In host rocks, zircon LA–ICP-MS U–Pb dating of quartz diorite porphyrite, amphibole tuff breccia and andesite yield ages of 17.1 ± 0.4 Ma, 17.1 ± 0.4 Ma and 17.5 ± 0.3 Ma, respectively. 3) Fluid inclusions in the quartz from ore are given priority to liquid and gas–liquid phases, and their components are of the NaCl–H₂O system with homogenization temperatures of 240–320 °C, salinities of 14–17%, densities of 0.85–0.95 g/cm³, and fluid pressure values between 4.1 and 46.8 MPa, corresponding to metallogenic depths from 150 to 1730 m. Fluid characteristics are identified as similar to those of high sulfur epithermal deposits. 4) The sulfur isotopic compositions are notably uniform, the δ³⁴S values of wall rocks range from 3.71 to 3.85‰, and the δ³⁴S values of ores vary from 4.90‰ to 6.55‰. The sulfur isotopic composition of ores is similar to that of the wall rocks, indicating a mixed origin of mantle with a sedimentary basement. 5) The trace element patterns of different ore types are similar, which indicates that they originate from the same source. Au deposits primarily occurred during the late magmatic activity. Finally, we have set up the regional metallogenic model, confirming that this gold deposit in the Sunda arc volcanic rock belt belongs to a metallogenic system from porphyry to epithermal type.     

关于三阶段铅演化体系：以大厂锡矿床及Lewisian片麻岩为例

以大厂锡-多金属矿床、Lewisian片麻岩为例,讨论了成矿/成岩过程中铅的三阶段演化轨迹。在206Pb/204Pb对207Pb/204Pb图解上,大厂硫化物铅的数据点构成了Pb-Pb等时线,该等时线给出了1.508Ga的矿化源岩年龄,说明成矿物质主要来自中元古代基底岩石——四堡群。四堡群本身又可能来自太古宙(2.86Ga)老陆壳,故大厂硫化物中的痕量铅应该具有三阶段的演化史。用三阶段铅演化模式解释大厂硫化物铅同位素资料,结果表明,太古宙老陆壳从上地幔源区分离出来时,其μ2=11.93,大厂矿床矿化源岩的μ3=9.76。不同变质程度的Lewisian杂岩全岩铅具有不同的演化历史:北部区角闪岩相片麻岩具有两阶段的演化史,中心区麻粒岩相片麻岩具有三阶段的演化史。北部区片麻岩两阶段Pb-Pb等时线给出了2.951Ga的成岩年龄,其μ1=7.81。中心区片麻岩三阶段Pb-Pb等时线给出了2.68Ga的变质年龄,其火成源岩的μ2=3.51。在解释异常铅等时线时,对其演化阶段级次的判别具有十分重要意义,它直接涉及不同演化阶段U-Pb体系μ值的计算。资料证明,如果把三次等时线当作二次等时线加以解释,则会导致一系列错误结论的产生。在一般情况下,用三阶段铅演化模式解释某组铅同位素资料时,只是假设第二阶段U-Pb体系是处于封闭状态的,但无任何直接证据。Lewisian北部区片麻岩两阶段铅演化体系与中心区片麻岩三阶段铅演化体系共存的情况为解决上述问题提供了极好的资料。     

中亚构造域多期叠加斑岩铜矿化:以阿尔泰东南缘哈腊苏铜矿床地质、地球化学和成岩成矿时代研究为例

新疆青河县新近发现哈腊苏铜矿床,正在进行的勘探证实具有大型铜储量前景。它位于阿尔泰东南缘,靠近额尔齐斯构造变形带。这个区域经历了古生代中期的洋-陆俯冲、古生代晚期的陆-陆碰撞以及其后的陆内活化等地质过程。铜成矿与哪种地质地质过程有关受人关注,矿床成因也存在斑岩型、热液脉型和火山岩型等不同认识。哈腊苏铜矿区主要出露中泥盆统基性火山岩(含苦橄岩)及侵入其中的不同时期含铜蚀变斑岩体,包括花岗闪长斑岩、斑状花岗岩、石英二长斑岩和石英闪长斑岩等,斑岩SiO_2质量分数为57.24%～65.45%,其中花岗闪长斑岩δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)=7.9‰～8.6‰,ε_(Nd)(t)=7.3～8.5(接近于MORB值),(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_t=0.70383～0.70410(接近原始地幔值),暗示岩浆起源于地幔或下地壳。矿区含铜蚀变斑岩全岩矿化(Cu 0.2%),矿体(Cu 0.3%以上)呈透镜状和不规则分枝脉状,产状与斑岩体相仿,95%以上矿体产于斑岩体内。围岩蚀变从矿体到斑岩再到基性火山岩围岩,发育钾长石黑云母化、黑云母绿泥石化、青磐岩化的分带,后期脉状线型钾长石化叠加于早期面状弥散型钾硅酸盐蚀变之上。没有次生硫化物富集现象,原生铜矿石出现细脉浸染型和脉状叠加型两种自然类型,前者以"黄铁矿+黄铜矿+辉钼矿"为典型金属矿物组合,后者呈在前者背景上的"石英+黄铁矿+黄铜矿"脉状叠加矿化。相对于前者,后者Cu、Au品位明显偏高(分别达到Cu 2.21%、Au 0.83 g/t)、微量和稀土元素总量降低,微量元素蛛网图和REE配分曲线更为平缓,Eu正异常更加显著。基性火山喷发、幔源岩浆侵入和多期矿化叠加是哈腊苏铜成矿的关键,早期斑岩型铜成矿基础上的后期构造热液矿化叠加显著。细脉浸染型铜矿石中共生黄铁矿-黄铜矿的硫同位素温度计指示斑岩型铜成矿温度为420～560℃。铜矿石硫化物δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)主体范围为-1‰～-4‰,矿石硫源自幔源斑岩体(有地层硫酸盐还原硫少量混入);黄铁矿~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.052～18.461,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.501～15.606,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.813～39.335,与矿床所在区域喀拉通克岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物接近,成矿金属主体来自幔源斑岩;脉状矿化叠加型铜矿石中含铜硫化物石英脉晶出母液(δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)=6.4‰～10.2‰,δD_(V-SMOW)=-89‰～-80‰)具有岩浆水的O、H同位素组成特点。通过成岩、成矿和热液蚀变的年代学研究获得:(1)含铜蚀变的斑状花岗岩(381.6±2.5)Ma和花岗闪长斑岩(371.8±9.6)Ma的U-Pb谐和年龄、细脉浸染型铜矿石中辉钼矿(376.9±2.2)Ma的Re-Os等时线年龄,是洋-陆俯冲期斑岩成岩成矿的年龄记录;(2)含铜蚀变石英二长斑岩(265.6±3.7)Ma的U-Pb谐和年龄和脉状叠加型铜矿石中钾长石(269.2±3.2)Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄,是陆-陆碰撞晚期斑岩铜矿化蚀变的年龄记录;(3)含铜蚀变石英闪长斑岩(215.8±4.6)Ma的U-Pb谐和年龄和脉状叠加型铜矿石中钾长石(198.2±2.3)～(206.4±2.7)Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄,是陆内构造岩浆活化期的年龄记录。多期构造-岩浆-热液矿化叠加作用是哈腊苏铜成矿的显著特征。该研究为认识中亚构造域斑岩铜矿床的多期叠加成矿作用特征积累了新资料。     

西天山阿希金矿成矿地球化学特征研究

阿希金矿为1990年代在西天山发现的产于晚古生代陆相火山岩中的大型金矿床.容矿围岩为下石炭统大哈拉军山组中基性-中酸性火山岩,以钙碱性为主,少量碱性系列岩石,具有富硅、钠,贫铝、钾、镁、钙成分和里特曼指数偏高的特点;岩石稀土元素含量中等,属于轻稀土富集型,分馏程度较高;容矿火山岩以K、Rb、Ba、Th等大离子元素富集和Ti、Y、Yb、Sc等亏损为特征,接近于板内过渡型玄武岩系列岩石;容矿岩、近矿蚀变岩和矿石皆富集有Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi等低温组合元素,且表现出渐进富集之特点;火山岩和矿石中铅具壳幔混合源特征;含金石英脉锶同位素初始值与区内容矿火山岩、矿化有关的蚀变矿物十分接近,均小于0.709而大于0.705;成矿流体属于K⁺[Na⁺]-SO₄^2-[Cl^-]型,具有低温(120~180℃)、低压(7.2~21.8 MPa)、低盐度(2.4%~4.5%,NaCl)、富含CO₂、N₂、O₂等特征;流体pH值中等(5.7~8.8),E_h值-0.88~+1.18 eV,成矿环境弱还原;金矿石中黄铁矿δ³⁴S值0.95‰~10.51‰,以深源火山成因硫为主;氢氧同位素值域较宽,反映流体以大气降水为主.总之,阿希金矿具备了浅成低温热液系统金矿的基本地球化学特征,但在成矿时代和成矿背景等方面,有别于经典同类矿床.     

深穿透地球化学异常源同位素识别研究:以新疆金窝子金矿床、内蒙古拜仁达坝—维拉斯托多金属矿床为例

通过研究两个已知隐伏矿床(新疆金窝子金矿床、内蒙古拜仁达坝—维拉斯托多金属矿床)不同介质(地气、细粒级土壤、围岩、矿石)中的铅、硫同位素特征,探讨铅、硫同位素对地气、土壤中异常物质来源的示踪,得到以下结论:(1)两矿床的介质从地气、矿石、围岩到土壤,铅同位素比值(208Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、206Pb/204Pb)一般依次增加;土壤异常区相对土壤背景区,δ34S偏高。但对两个矿床背景区、异常区地气中的铅同位素组成、土壤中的铅、硫同位素组成进行方差分析后发现,数据均没有明显的差异,从统计学的角度初步证明研究区不适宜用铅、硫同位素示踪地气、土壤中异常物质的来源。(2)两个矿床的矿石、围岩中铅同位素组成均有明显差异,即围岩中明显有放射成因铅的积累。但这种差异没有显著地反映到背景区、异常区的地气中,原因有待进一步查证。仅从捕获剂的角度初步探讨了其原因。用土壤全量中铅、硫同位素组成特征来示踪土壤异常源,并没有成功,建议采用偏提取的方法测量其中活动态中的铅、硫同位素组成,在深穿透地球化学研究中更合理。     

伊犁盆地砂岩型铀成矿同位素地质特征

本对伊犁盆地可地浸砂岩型铀矿及其蚀源区进行了同位素地质特征研究，结果表明：伊犁盆地砂岩型铀矿具有多时期成矿的特点，其成矿年龄分别为82.4,60,11.4,7.1,3.5Ma，而主要成矿期集中在第三纪的中、上新世。伊犁盆地南侧蚀源区发育有以海西期为主的花岗岩和火山岩，前为293－316Ma，后为235－259Ma，从含矿砂体精选出的锆石，其U－Pb同位素年龄为308Ma，与蚀源区花岗岩，火山岩的时代一致，从而肯定了含矿砂体的物质来源，此外，通过对含矿砂体和蚀源区岩石U-Pb同位素体系演化特征的研究，指伊犁盆地砂岩型铀矿具有多铀源富集的特点，这些铀源分别是：地层沉积时形成的富铀砂体（主要的）和富铀的蚀源区岩石的近代风化淋滤释出的铀。