引入调节变量的入境旅游对消费物价影响分析——基于1999~2014年香港季度数据的实证研究

引入调节变量,采用香港1999~2014年的季度统计数据建立一个新实证模型,利用Pearson相关性分析方法、计量经济学非平稳数据分析方法和Granger因果关系检验方法系统分析了入境旅游、经济增长和消费物价之间的关系。研究结果表明：① 入境旅游、经济增长和消费物价之间存在相关性和稳定的长期均衡关系;入境旅游对消费物价的带动性高于经济增长。② 入境旅游与消费物价、经济增长和消费物价、入境旅游和经济增长之间都存在单向Granger因果关系,入境旅游发展必然带动经济增长并影响消费物价。③ 入境旅游对消费物价产生影响的原因主要是入境游客规模扩大和结构单一;负面影响主要表现在影响当地底层民众生活品质、损害当地旅游形象和主客感情;对策主要为拓展入境旅游类型并使旅游发展红利惠及底层民众。     

香港国际直接投资与出入境旅游的关系研究

选择1976—2016年香港国际直接投资和出入境旅游的时间序列数据,利用格兰杰因果检验和弹性系数法分析二者之间的关系。结果表明:香港的国际直接投资和出入境旅游之间存在长期稳定的协整关系;香港的外商直接投资和入境旅游、对外直接投资和出入境旅游之间均互为因果关系,外商直接投资与出境旅游之间呈单项的格兰杰因果关系;香港国际直接投资对出入境旅游均有较好的带动作用,但外商直接投资对出入境旅游的带动作用大于对外直接投资对出入境旅游的带动作用。     

我国入境旅游和经济增长关系分析

文章分析了入境旅游发展的区域差异，并用Granger因果检验来考察入境旅游和各区域经济增长之间是否存在相应的因果关系，Granger因果检验的结果表明在东部地区，入境旅游和经济增长存在单向因果关系。东部地区的入境旅游对区域的经济增长产生显著影响。但是全国和中西部地区的入境旅游与经济增长之间不存在显著的因果关系。类似地，东部地区入境旅游增长是其第三产业增长的Granger原因。但是全国和中西部地区的入境旅游和相应区域第三产业的增长并不存在显著的因果关系。在区域层面上。只有少数区域支持入境旅游是区域GDP增长的Granger原因，它们是东部地区的北京、广东、上海、天津、福建、江苏、浙江、海南和广西；中部地区的黑龙江和湖南以及西部地区的云南和陕西。在这些省区市。入境旅游对区域经济增长产生显著的影响。但总体而言，入境旅游在我国还没有足够的发展。     

近30年来中国航空客运与入境旅游的关联效应及空间差异划分

利用1978―2010年的时间序列数据及2009―2010年中国31个省区截面数据,采用协整分析和相关分析法,分析了入境客流量与民航客运的关联关系及空间差异,结果发现：1）从时间序列数据分析看,入境客流量与国际航空客运量和国际航线里程之间存在着长期稳定的均衡关系;格兰杰因果关系检验表明,国际航线里程与入境客流量存在双向格兰杰因果关系,即两者相互促进发展;入境客流量与国际航空客运量间存在单向格兰杰因果关系,即入境客流量增加能有效促进国际航空客运量的增长。2）从31个省区的截面数据分析发现,入境客流量与民航客运量呈明显的线性正相关。以入境客流量市场占有率和航空客运量市场占有率为指标,将中国31个省区划分为高客运-高入境、中客运-中入境和低客运-低入境3个等级。     

1978年改革开放以来中国旅游业发展的地理格局

运用基尼系数、首位度分析、热点分析和Pearson相关分析,从全国和地区两种尺度对1978年改革开放40年来中国旅游业发展格局进行了研究。分析发现：① 旅游业发展格局的整体特征是东高西低,南高北低;入境旅游长期呈现极化分布的特征,广东是入境旅游的“极核”,京—沪处于第二梯队,甘—新—青—藏—宁发展滞后;国内旅游经历了极化分布到均衡分布的过程。② 旅游业发展格局阶段性特征：现代旅游起始阶段——入境旅游极化严重,广东地位举足轻重;国内旅游培育阶段——入境旅游空间结构未变（广东第一,北京第二,上海第三）,国内旅游总体极化分布;旅游大发展阶段——北京入境旅游地位逐渐被上海取代,国内旅游总体均衡分布;旅游新常态阶段——入境旅游空间结构改善,国内旅游第一层级省份明显增加,出境旅游稳步快速增长,北京、上海引领出境旅游人均消费。③ 影响中国旅游业发展的因素比较多元：政策、管理制度、旅游需求、旅游吸引物、经济水平、消费水平、产业发展、投资状况、交通条件、食宿服务、中介服务和对外开放程度等因素对中国国内旅游和入境旅游均有不同程度的影响。     

城市化与城市旅游发展因果关系的判定及生成机理研究——张家界案例

城市化与城市旅游发展之间到底存在相互影响关系还是单向影响关系,学术界一直存在很大争论,但这个问题的回答对快速城市化进程中中国城市旅游如何因应这种关系而采取对应的资源配置方式具有重要意义。以典型旅游城市张家界市为案例,将城市化率和旅游总收入占城市GDP的百分比作为衡量城市化水平和旅游发展水平的变量指标,采用Eviews软件,在对这两项指标1988-2011年时间序列数据先后进行平稳性检验、协整性检验的基础上,构建向量自回归模型,确定了城市化水平与旅游发展水平两个变量关系的滞后阶数,并进行了格兰杰因果关系检验。结果显示,张家界城市化与其旅游发展水平之间存在长期稳定的"均衡"关系,二者在滞后阶数为1的情况下可以获得最为理想的向量自回归模型,且张家界城市化水平与其城市旅游发展之间同时存在长期和短期的单向格兰杰因果关系。说明张家界的城市旅游发展影响其城市化进程,但城市化进程并不影响其城市旅游发展。从城市化和城市旅游发展过程入手,认为旅游发展水平提高使旅游从业机会增多,在旅游业附加值大于农业附加值的作用下,农业人口迅速转化为城镇人口,是城市旅游发展推动城市化水平提高这一因果关系生成的内在机理。而城市化以当地农村居民转化为主,所形成的旅游收入小于GDP增长的特征是导致城市化与旅游发展之间没有形成因果关系的原因。该文最后提出了张家界市在城市发展过程中应紧紧依托旅游产业构建新型城镇化的思路。     

我国入境旅游客源与旅游外汇收入的多尺度对比研究——EMD方法的新应用

基于2005—2010年间我国入境旅游客源和旅游外汇收入的月数据,引入处理非平稳时间序列的经验模态分解(EMD)方法,进行两个要素的多尺度分解及对比。研究结果表明:(1)入境旅游客源与旅游外汇收入具有几乎一致的波动周期,分别为3个月、半年、1年及39个月。(2)入境旅游客源并不是旅游外汇收入变化的必要条件。如果外界条件不变,入境旅游客源的变化趋势以3个月周期震荡为主,上升速度极为缓慢;而旅游外汇收入则保持迅速提升,周期性波动并非其主要变化特征。(3)比起盲目吸引入境旅游客源,更应根据区域旅游资源特点与发展基础,寻找旅游业发展中新的增长点,才更具长远意义。     

中国省际旅游业发展演进的时空特征

采用Kemel密度估计和马尔科夫链分析方法,并在分析框架中引入空间因素,分析中国省际国内旅游和人境旅游发展演进的时空动态变化特征.从时间动态性的视角看,中国省际国内旅游和人境旅游的发展演进均存在俱乐部收敛趋势,广大的旅游低收人地区与少数的旅游高收人地区长期并存;从空间动态性的视角看,近邻效应对国内旅游和入境旅游的发展演进都有一定影响,部分地区向邻区的平均发展水平演进.但是无论从时间还是空间动态角度,国内旅游和人境旅游的演变趋势都不尽相同.     

经济增长与耕地消耗的关系研究——基于协整理论的分析

采用协整理论、格兰杰因果关系检验以及误差修正模型,利用1979-2005年的时间序列数据,分析了经济增长的规模效应、结构效应、聚集效应、投资效应与耕地消耗之间的关系.研究结果表明,经济增长各变量与耕地消耗之问均存在长期的均衡关系;误差修正模型显示经济规模扩大和固定资产投资等经济增长指标在短期内对耕地消耗的拉动作用非常明显,同时经济增长的聚集效应在短期内具有减少耕地消耗的趋势,经济增长的结构效应在短期内对耕地消耗的作用不明显;格兰杰因果关系检验显示,经济增长的规模效应、投资效应与耕地消耗之间存在单向的因果关系.     

入境旅游与区域经济增长关系实证分析

以山东为例,利用单位根检验、协整分析、Granger因果检验等现代计量经济学方法,基于1978～2007年的时间序列数据,对入境旅游发展与区域经济增长之间的关系进行了分析.实证结果表明:山东入境旅游与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的协整关系,并构建了一个协整模型,模型表明入境旅游增长1%,能拉动国内生产总值增长0.45%,通过误差修正模型反映了变量之间的短期波动与长期均衡关系.Granger因果检验得出山东入境旅游发展对山东经济增长具有促进作用,并依据研究结论提出相关建议.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,