环渤海地区港口与城市关系的动态测度及驱动模式研究

港城交互作用是港口城市形成、演化并实现可持续发展的关键因素,因此,如何测定港城关系并从中揭示港城交互作用的模式是港口城市研究的一个难点问题.一直以来,港城关系中港口功能与城市功能定量分析方法以及港城互动关联机制的研究比较薄弱.在RCI基础上,提出DCI的概念、内涵及其算法,并以此为基础,对环渤海地区主要海港城市的港城关系状况及DCI值动态变化趋势进行定量测度,并运用脉冲响应函数对港城驱动模式进行系统分析,揭示不同港口城市在港城相互作用方面的具体差别与联系,丰富地理学对于港城关系内在机理的认识.结果显示:环渤海地区12个海港城市港城关系状况可以分为港口驱动型、城市驱动型和港城稳定型三类;变动趋势可以分为持续上升型、持续下降型及波动型三类;港城交互作用机制及稳定性存在明显差别.港城关系的强弱或倾向性与港口或城市规模没有直接关系,而是与港口或城市发展阶段、港口与腹地的关系等深层次问题密切相关.     

港城脱钩的可能性机理与实际估测————以环渤海港口城市为例

在探讨城市发展是否可能与港口运营脱钩的理论探索的基础上,采用Tapio脱钩模型进行估测,构建了包括产业多样化指标的港口及城市评价体系,以2000—2019年环渤海地区12个主要港口城市为样本,实证检验港城脱钩类型。研究发现：尽管大部分港口城市的脱钩状态时常变化,但港城脱钩确实可能成为港口城市的演化路径,其过程是渐进的。港城脱钩的影响因素主要有城市发展阶段、产业多样化等,港口运营与本地经济一直未能深入融合的城市以及经济实力雄厚、发展路径多样的中心城市实现港城脱钩的难度相对较小。在环渤海案例区,丹东和秦皇岛已处于港城脱钩状态,天津和青岛未来出现港城脱钩的潜力较大,大连的港城关系演化尚不稳定,唐山、营口、日照等多数样本的港城关联仍然密切、脱钩可能性较小。     

中国海港城市“港-城空间系统”演化理论与实证

随着经济全球化的深入和世界性产业转移浪潮,海港加快向第3代甚至第4代转型,发展中国家的海港城市成为承接国际产业转移首选之地。作为国际物流供应链枢纽节点,海港可以通过对物流资源的整合,实现功能提升、产业集聚和空间成长,并推动港-城空间系统演化更新。基于相关研究评述,根据海港及海港城市发展的新特点,提出现代海港城市"港-城空间系统"演化理论,将其分为港城形成初期的港-城共生、港-城空间集聚、港口外迁与城市裂变、港-城双向网络发展4个时序阶段,对各阶段的特征进行了刻画和解析。其次,从港口对城市产生地域空间效应、港城空间相互作用及其动态变化、现代物流资源整合与流空间塑造3方面对"港-城空间系统"演化的动力机制进行系统分析。最后,通过对中国典型海港城市案例分析加以实证,验证前述"港-城空间系统"演化理论。     

港口城市空间格局、发展趋势及借鉴——以南非德班为例

港城空间结构一直是港口城市发展的重要内容,经济全球化背景下的国际港口普遍呈现由贸易和物流综合中心向港口及港际联盟发展的态势。南非与中国同属于发展中国家,南非德班属于非洲的门户型港口城市且处于向港际联盟发展的阶段,就港城关系来看德班港在城市中发挥主导作用且呈继续上升的趋势。因此本文选取德班港为主要研究案例,运用文献综述、专题地图分析及数据比较法,从港口对城市城乡结构、土地利用的空间布局、产业集聚及城市交通的影响方面分析,总结发展中国家处于此阶段的门户型港口城市内部空间布局结构特点,并对港城空间结构的发展提出建议。     

港口与城市空间联系研究回顾与展望

港口作为水运的中心环节和水陆交通节点,本身空间意义突出.因此,港口与城市的空间联系涵盖了港口城市的诸多方面.将港口与其所依托城市的空间关系作为主题,通过对比国内外研究异同和地理学、城市科学等不同学科研究特色,把握港城空间关系演变的过程-格局-机理.分别从港-城空间模型、港口与城市空间成长规律及其机理、港口演化与城市兴衰的历史地理解析、港与城的空间融合及空间规划、港口发展新因素对城市的空间影响等方面解析国内外港口与城市空间联系研究的发展脉络和主要论点,总结现有研究的基本范畴和理论范式,最后在分析现有研究不足的基础上展望相应研究趋向,为今后的港口与城市空间联系研究提供一个分析架构.     

产业区演化研究的主要领域与进展——兼论对创意产业区演化研究的启示

产业区是20世纪80年代以来经济地理学研究的核心领域之一,作为城市经济发展的重要场所及产物和城市空间类型之一,其形成与发展引起了国内外学界高度关注。梳理文献发现产业区研究主要集中在：本质探究、形成机理、演化时间过程及未来趋向等方面,然现有研究存在如下问题：①未能形成产业区演化研究的理论框架;②研究视角虽较为多元,但大都孤立地讨论产业区演化,研究思路过于追求学科特色而缺乏综合性研究逻辑,无法将其嵌入城市与区域发展之中;③鲜有关注以生产性服务业、创意产业为主导的产业区演化。针对现有问题,借鉴演化经济地理学从产业区演化的动力来源、时一空过程、景观表征入手,界定了产业区演化的概念和内涵,构建了产业区演化研究范式,并针对后工业社会创意产业区或创意集群的演化现象,提出了研究建议。     

内陆港（Inland Port）国际研究进展与趋势——基于国际SCI 和SSCI 期刊文献的分析

通过对111篇国际SCI和SSCI期刊内陆港（Inland Port）文献的分析,结果发现：1）从20世纪90年代以来,国际上对内陆港的相关研究逐渐增多,尤其是自2016年以来,文献数量增长迅速。研究者的地区分布以亚洲、欧洲和北美洲最多,研究主题多与交通运输、物流等领域结合,表明内陆港已经成为交通运输体系和供应链运输网络的重要组成部分,但其概念至今尚未统一。其概念探讨主要集中在不同地理背景下对内陆港功能和作用、与海港的便捷交通链接,以及随经济发展延伸出来的附加功能方面。2）内陆港的空间布局体系大致可以分为供应链导向型布局和产业集群型布局,腹地经济基础、交通基础设施与地方政策因素等都影响内陆港的选址和布局。3）内陆港对区域的影响广泛而深远,在城市空间规划和土地利用、区域经济发展和就业以及降低能耗和减排、实现区域可持续发展等方面产生持续的空间效应、经济效应和环境效应。4）内陆港的运营和管制需要特别关注港口规划与各管理主体之间及其与管理制度的关系,以实现内陆港高效、持续、健康的发展。文章最后着眼于全球内陆港研究新趋势和新发展格局背景下中国对内陆港发展实践需求,指出未来内陆港研究需要重点关注概念再界定与评价实证、空间布局与规划、区域影响与港城关系研究、开发投资与潜在效益之间的风险关系研究等方面。     

基于共词分析的智慧城市研究现状与展望

以中国知网(CNKI)总库中主题为智慧城市的文献为数据源,采用共词分析法和因子分析、聚类分析及多维尺度分析等相结合的方式探讨我国智慧城市的研究现状,展望其发展趋势。目前国内智慧城市研究主题分散,缺乏主线及核心,应深入研究和理解智慧城市的概念和模型等本质问题;对物联网、云计算等研究热点,应理清理论、技术及发展模式,拓宽研究广度和深度;研究集中在信息通信技术(ICT)等技术领域,缺乏人、社会及环境等非技术要素的研究;应更为全面地关注智慧城市形态给城市发展带来的正面及负面影响。因此,随着未来国内智慧城市研究和实施的不断深入,其发展将会渐趋理性、合理、系统和全面。     

城市精明发展研究热点与前沿可视化分析

以CNKI中国知网总库和Web of Science核心合集数据库为数据源,利用可视化分析工具Citespace V对2000-01-01—2019-05-01城市精明发展研究的相关文献进行分析。根据热点关键词共现和聚类分析、突现词前沿路径辨识分析、发文作者及机构合作网络分析以及发文期刊网络分析等方法绘制国内外相应的知识结构图谱,并立足城市精明发展研究的理论内涵、量化测度、实践应用层面进行评述。结果表明：1）国内外城市精明发展研究领域形成了初具规模的研究网络,但知识结构网络紧密性有待加强。2）国内外研究主题聚类知识群组数量较多,关键词共现聚类演化路径较长且相对分散,尚未形成势力强劲的时区流动和继承脉络。3）国内研究热点前沿逐渐从宏观理论分析转向城市微观实践应用以及城市收缩新兴态势。4）国内外研究人员学科背景广泛但互引关系稀松,亟待加强交流探讨;国内研究机构学科划分细致广泛,区域科研能力差异显著,东部地区和北京表现突出。5）国内经济管理与可持续发展、地理学、建筑科学与工程领域城市精明发展研究载文成果较为丰富。     

区域交通基础设施可达性研究进展

随着中国区域交通基础设施快速发展,可达性研究受到学界与规划界广泛关注.本文通过梳理近20 年来国内外区域交通基础设施可达性研究的发展脉络,从可达性时空变化及其地域效应方面总结国内外区域交通可达性研究的各自特点与发展方向,判断未来国内相关研究主题.综合比较可知,区域交通可达性的空间格局与时空演变研究仍是国内外交通地理学的研究热点问题.国外研究评价指标丰富,空间分辨率不断提高,分析技术方法日益多样,研究内容更趋于多元化,不断拓宽了可达性研究与应用领域.国内研究发展快,但研究指标体系有待完善,空间分辨率仍有待提高,亟待考虑交通需求与政策干预等现实因素.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

THE MOST PERFECT EXAMPLE OF AN ALIEN ECOLOGY EVER CONSTRUCTED

Much science-fiction literature is based upon the creation and exploration of alternative environments. Stanley G. Weinbaum's short story, “Parasite Planet,”introduces an unusual environment that may be wrong in the light of recent evidence on Venus but still stimulates the geographical imagination.     

Metals and models: Diagenic modelling in freshwater lacustrine sediments

This review aims to distill and synthesize the existing information on the use of models to describe and predict the distribution and movement of metals in lacustrine sediments. As such it examines the causes of metal diagenesis, the origin and form of the equations that govern these phenomena, and the predictability or measurability of the parameters that appear in the models. The paper concludes by highlighting some seminal results from modelling studies, including the determination of the factors controlling the formation of surficial Mn-Fe-enriched zone or layers, the substantial contribution possible from metal reduction to organic matter regeneration, the calculation of mixing-corrected metal input histories to lakes, and the prediction of growth rates and morphologies for both deep-sea and lacustrine ferromanganese nodules.     

Guidelines to Authors

正1.Aims and scope Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions(SCAR)is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Portable Utopia: Glasgow and the United States 1820–1920. Bernard Aspinwall. Studies in Russian Historical Geography. James H. Bater and R. A. French, eds. Water and Sanitation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives. Peter G. Bourne, ed. Green Politics. Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak. The Southern Cone: Realities of the Authoritarian State. César N. Caviedes. Women in Third World Development. Sue Ellen Charlton. Land Management: New Directions. David Chiddick and Alan Millington, eds. Geography and Ethnic Pluralism. Colin Clarke, David Ley, Ceri Peach, eds. Geomorphological Hazards in Los Angeles. R. U. Cooke. Regional Impacts of United States-Mexico Economic Relations. Alfonso Corona and Lay James Gibson. eds. Patterns of Jobs and Geographic Mobility. Torvald Gerger. Cities and Sickness: Health Care in Urban America. Ann Lennarson Greer and Scott Greer, eds. Neighborhoods: Their Place in Urban Life. Howard W. Hallman. Development and the Rural-Urban Divide. John Harriss and Mick Moore, eds. Patterns of Undocumented Migration: Mexico and the United States. Richard C. Jones, ed. Central Place Theory. Leslie J. King. The Geography of Western Europe: A Socio-economic Survey. Paul L. Knox. Regions and Resources: Strategies for Development. David T. Krisge, Daniel A. Seiver, Oliver S. Goldsmith and Michael J. Scott. Geography of Crowding and Human Response. A Study of Ahmedabad City. K. M. Kulkarni. Haciendo Pueblo. The Development of a Guadalajaran Suburb. Kathleen Logan. The Imperial Lion: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Central Africa. Stewart A. Marks. Water in the Hispanic Southwest: A Social and Legal History, 1550–1850. Michael C. Meyer. Imlil: A Moroccan Mountain Community in Change. James A. Miller. Tourism in Canada: Selected Issues and Options. Peter E. Murphy, ed. David Harvey's Geography. John L. Paterson. Raster Scanning, Processing and Plotting of Cartographic Documents. Donna J. Peuquet and A. Raymond Boyle. The USSR and the Muslim World: Issues in Domestic and Foreign Policy. Yaacov Ro'i, ed. Environmental Perception and Behavior: An Inventory and Prospect. Thomas F. Saarinen, David Seamon, and James L. Sell. Incised channels, Morphology, Dynamics, and Control. Stanley A. Schumm, Michael D. Harvey, and Chester C. Watson. The Gap Between Rich and Poor: Contending Perspectives on the Political Economy of Development. Mitchell A. Seligson, ed. Twentieth-Century Richmond. Planning, Politics and Race. Christopher Silver. Land Conservation and Development: Examples of Land-Use Planning Projects and Programs. F. R. Steiner and H. N. van Lier, eds. Biogeography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J. A. Taylor, ed. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky, eds.