变星及发射线星系的计算机自动搜索

本文发展了一套计算机自动证认，交叉比对的技术，应用于１９８年９月至１２月间北京天文台６０／９０ｃｍ施密特望远镜的ＣＣＤ测光资料及ＧＳＣ星表，由二个系统的Ｖ星等资料，在６个平方度内找到５颗变星；利用二个系统Ｂ颜色带宽的不同，进行发射线星系统巡天，在３个平方度内找到１５个致密核发射线星秒并讨论了本方法用光变天体，色指数反常天体，位置移动天体，发射线天体巡天的可能性。     

50个发射线天体的物端稜镜光谱

从1981年开始,北京天文台开展了发射线星系的物端稜镜巡天。用60/90cm Schmidt望远镜加5.°3的物端稜镜在敏化的ⅢaJ底片上可以得到亮于16~m的星系光谱像。本文公布了第一批巡天结果:在覆盖天区约220平方度的12张底片上证认出50个发射线天体,47个河外星系(其中3个可能是新的Seyfert星系),3个行星状星云(其中一个N2242以前被当作河外星系)。文中给出了这些天体的名称、坐标、星等及光谱结构分类等资料,并比较系统地讨论了发射线星系的证认及光谱结构分类。我们还将本巡天的结果与其他天文台的结果作了比较。这些天体的证认图见图版Ⅰ—Ⅱ。     

发射线星系的物端棱镜巡天(Ⅳ)

本文发表的是用北京天文台60厘米施密特望远镜进行发射线星系物端棱镜巡天结果的第四篇文章。文中的表1包括100个发射线天体,其中的96个是发射线星系;其余的对象有3个行星状星云,1个发射线星。在这些发射线星系中,属于s,sd型的有69个,d,ds型的有27个,分别占72％和28％。除了4个已知的Seyfert星系之外,至少还有5个也可能是Seyfert星系。这些发射线天体中的23个是IRAS源,它们都与具有强发射的现象相联系.     

ROSAT选射电源的性质：Ⅰ.样本

ＲＯＳＡＴ卫星的全天巡天观测到了一大批射电星系和各种活动星核,为我们研究这些活动性剧烈的河外天体的辐射机制、多波段辐射相关性以及各类星系核之间的演化联系提供了重要数据。通过将ＲＯＳＡＴ全天巡天观测与ＰＭＮ射电（５ＧＨｚ）巡天观测进行交叉证认,我们得到了６４２颗天射电源。对这些对应体随后进行的光学证认构建了一个星系和活动星系核的大样本。其中３１１个对应体（占５２％）被过去的光学观测证实为河外天体（包     

宇宙信息

甚大巡天望远镜拍摄狮子三重星系 欧洲南方天文台的甚大巡天望远镜和它的照相机拍摄了狮子座中壮观的三重星系。不过照片中的暗弱天体而非这三个星系可能才是吸引天文学家的真正原因。这些暗弱天体的锐利影像说明甚大巡天望远镜及其照相机具备了探测更遥远宇宙的能力。     

大视场巡天望远镜探测器响应与滤光片优化分析

大视场巡天望远镜(Wide Field Survey Telescope,WFST)是采用主焦式光学设计、2.5 m口径、具备强大巡天能力的望远镜,可以开展大规模图像巡天,用于刻画银河系和近邻宇宙的组成和结构、普查太阳系天体和外部构成、开展时域天文监测等科学研究工作.结合大视场巡天望远镜光学系统的透过率、西藏阿里站址的大气透过率和冒纳凯阿台址的天光发射谱,比较不同电荷耦合器件(Charge Coupled Device,CCD)量子响应曲线、读出噪声和不同曝光时间情况下,不同类型天体在u、g、r、i、z和w波段的能谱响应,分析各个波段测光信噪比,优化确定CCD响应曲线和用于太阳系天体巡天的白光滤光片(w)设计.分析结果显示:蓝敏CCD对探测超新星等高能爆发暂现源有优势,但在r、i、z波段效率降低,从而降低这些波段的巡天探测灵敏度.光学宽带CCD响应曲线兼顾蓝端和红端能谱响应,在相同观测时间内,可以实现比蓝敏CCD更高的巡天灵敏度.采用宽带CCD响应曲线,结合估算的WFST系统光学成像效率及站址的天光和消光,计算给出了巡天观测对太阳系天体(G2V恒星光谱)、椭圆星系(E)、漩涡星系(Sbc/Scd)、不规则星系(Im)、类星体、I型和II型超新星的探测灵敏度.通过调节w波段的带宽和中心波长,可以实现对不同类型天体的能谱响应信噪比最大化.综合比较,确定w滤光片的优化设计波长范围为367–795 nm.最后,计算给出了各波段长期巡天图像数据叠加的探测灵敏度随曝光时间的变化曲线.     

UKST855天区的类星体巡天

我们利用Kodak IIIaF乳剂的UK Scbmidt物端棱镜光谱片对UKST 855天区进行了类星体和发射线星系巡天.选出了105个候选者,给出了入选者的坐标、估计星等、低色散光谱和证认图.对巡天方法的有效性进行了讨论.     

发现土星尺寸的太阳系外行星

美国航天局的凌星系外行星巡天望远镜(Transiting Exoplanet Survey Telescope,简称TESS)任务由麻省理工学院的天体物理学家领导。该望远镜于2018年4月18日发射升空,主要目标就是寻找太阳系外行星.     

暗蓝星系计数与星暴矮星系统

本采用演化星族综合方法，讨论了在低红移因短时间星暴过程而变亮的矮星系统。指出，它们的存在能够与目前暗星系计数和红移巡天结果相容，作为一个附加的星系族，它们较易演化为低面光度的星系而在邻域中探测不到，因此是解释暗星系计数和红移巡天结果的适当候选天体，值得对它们作进一步的研究。     

射电活动星系核中盘与喷流联系

本文收集了射电源表１Ｊｙ,Ｓ４ ,Ｓ５ 中的活动星系核的宽发射线数据,发现射电活动星系核的宽发射线与５ＧＨｚ 射电辐射强相关。ＢＬＬａｃ 天体具有较弱的宽发射线辐射,但具有与其它活动星系核类似的统计行为。结果表明射电活动星系核中的喷流与吸积过程存在本质联系。     

Neighbourhoods of isolated star forming dwarf galaxies

We report the discovery of small groups of uncatalogued, compact, star forming (SF) dwarf galaxies (DGs) by Hα mapping of the neighbourhoods of apparently isolated, catalogued, SF DGs. Our sample consists of dwarf  ( M ≥−18 mag)  galaxies at least 2 Mpc away from any other catalogued galaxy. The galaxies were selected to exhibit Hα emission of any intensity, i.e. not selecting only strong starbursts, as an indicator of recent or on-going star formation with the goal of understanding why are they presently forming stars. We identified possible neighbours by imaging the galaxies and their surroundings through Hα filters centred at or near the redshift of the galaxy, and searching for localized Hα emission with the characteristics of the line emission from the sample galaxies.
We identified 20 possible SF neighbour galaxies, 17 of them not previously catalogued, in three of the five search fields where we had good quality data, and present here their positions and, images and morphology, as well as some indications of binarity. The relatively large number of possible neighbour candidates, combined with their relative faintness, argue that it would be virtually impossible to identify truly isolated galaxies. It seems that the objects we selected as extremely isolated are probably the brightest members of sparse groups of galaxies, where the other members are also DGs that are presently forming stars. In order to enhance the confidence of this statement regular redshifts are required for our candidate neighbours.     

Template-based classification of SDSS-<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">GALEX</Emphasis> point sources

We have classified a sample of 37,492 objects from SDSS into QSOs, galaxies and stars using photometric data over five wave bands (u, g, r, i and z) and UV GALEX data over two wave bands (near-UV and far-UV) based on a template fitting method. The advantage of this method of classification is that it does not require any spectroscopic data and hence the objects for which spectroscopic data is not available can also be studied using this technique. In this study, we have found that our method is consistent by spectroscopic methods given that their UV information is available. Our study shows that the UV colours are especially important for separating quasars and stars, as well as spiral and starburst galaxies. Thus it is evident that the UV bands play a crucial role in the classification and characterization of astronomical objects that emit over a wide range of wavelengths, but especially for those that are bright at UV. We have achieved the efficiency of 89% for the QSOs, 63% for the galaxies and 84% for the stars. This classification is also found to be in agreement with the emission line diagnostic diagrams.     

A search for double-peaked narrow emission line galaxies and AGNs in the LAMOST DR1

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST) has released more than two million spectra,which provide the opportunity to search for double-peaked narrow emission line(NEL) galaxies and active galactic nuclei(AGNs).The double-peaked narrow-line profiles can be well modeled by two velocity components,respectively blueshifted and redshifted with respect to the systemic recession velocity.This paper presents 20 double-peaked NEL galaxies and AGNs found from LAMOST DR1 using a search method based on a multi-Gaussian fit of the narrow emission lines.Among them,ten have already been published by other authors,either listed as genuine double-peaked NEL objects or as asymmetric NEL objects,and the remaining ten are original discoveries.We discuss some possible origins for the double-peaked narrow-line features,such as interaction between jet and narrow line regions,interaction with companion galaxies,and black hole binaries.Spatially resolved optical imaging and/or follow-up observations in other spectral bands are needed to further discuss the physical mechanisms at work.     

High-redshift QSOs in the FIRST survey

In a pilot search for high-redshift radio quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), we have obtained spectra of 55 FIRST sources     with very red     starlike optical identifications. 10 of the candidates are QSOs with redshifts     (four were previously known), six with     . The remaining 45 candidates comprise: one     broad-absorption-line (BAL) QSO; three low-redshift galaxies with narrow emission lines; 18 probable radio galaxies; and 23 M stars (mainly misidentifications). The success rate (high-redshift QSOs / spectroscopically-observed candidates) for this search is 1/2 for     , and 1/9 for     . With an effective search area of 4030 deg², the surface density of high-redshift     QSOs discovered with this technique is 0.0015 deg⁻².     

New Hα stars. NGC 6910 region. II.

A search for Hα objects in four fields with an overall area of about 0.14 square degrees in the region of NGC 6910 (the core of the known Cyg OB9 association) has led to the discovery of 64 emission stars, of which 49 are newly detected. The high surface density is indicative of a very rich T association or, possibly, of the projection of several T associations onto one another in this direction. The latter possibility is also indicated by the range of the R photometric stellar magnitudes of the emission stars, 9^m.68-19^m.42. A comparison with earlier observations shows that for many of the stars, the emission line intensity is variable. A P Cyg Hα line profile is recorded for the star V 1515 Cyg with an emission component equivalent width that greatly exceeds the equivalent absorption width.     

Extremely red galaxy counterparts to 7C radio sources

We present RIJHK imaging of seven radio galaxies from the 7C Redshift Survey (7CRS) which lack strong emission lines and we use these data to investigate their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with models that constrain their redshifts. Six of these seven galaxies have extremely red colours ( R − K >5.5) and we find that almost all of them lie in the redshift range 1< z <2. We also present near-infrared spectroscopy of these galaxies which demonstrate that their SEDs are not dominated by emission lines, although tentative lines, consistent with H α at z =1.45 and z =1.61, are found in two objects. Although the red colours of the 7CRS galaxies can formally be explained by stellar populations that are either very old or young and heavily reddened, independent evidence favours the former hypothesis. At z ∼1.5 at least 1/4 of powerful radio jets are triggered in massive (> L *) galaxies, which formed the bulk of their stars several Gyr earlier, that is at epochs corresponding to redshifts z ≳5. If a similar fraction of all z ∼1.5 radio galaxies are old, then extrapolation of the radio luminosity function shows that, depending on the radio source lifetimes, between 10 and 100 per cent of the near-IR selected extremely red object (ERO) population undergo a radio outburst at epochs corresponding to 1< z <2. An ERO found serendipitously in the field of one of the 7CRS radio sources appears to be a radio-quiet analogue of the 7CRS EROs with an emission line likely to be [O  ii ] at z =1.20. The implication is that some of the most massive elliptical galaxies formed the bulk of their stars at z ≳5 and these objects probably undergo at least two periods of active galactic nucleus activity: one at high redshift during which the black hole forms and another one at an epoch corresponding to z ∼1.5.     

Database of molecular masers and variable stars

We present the database of maser sources in H2 O, OH and Si O lines that can be used to identify and study variable stars at evolved stages. Detecting the maser emission in H2 O, OH and Si O molecules toward infrared-excess objects is one of the methods for identifing long-period variables(LPVs, including miras and semiregulars), because these stars exhibit maser activity in their circumstellar shells. Our sample contains 1803 known LPV objects. Forty-six percent of these stars(832 objects) manifest maser emission in the line of at least one molecule: H2 O, OH or Si O. We use the database of circumstellar masers in order to search for LPVs which are not included in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars(GCVS). Our database contains 4806 objects(3866 objects without associations in GCVS) with maser detection in at least one molecule. Therefore it is possible to use the database in order to locate and study the large sample of LPV stars. The database can be accessed at http://maserdb.net.     

Probing outflow activity in very low mass stars and brown dwarfs

The discovery that newborn very low mass stars and brown dwarfs have optical forbidden line spectra similar to low mass young stars was a strong indication that these objects can also launch outflows. Forbidden lines are the traditional tracers of outflow activity in young stars and observations at these wavelengths have contributed much to the understanding of outflows. However in the case of brown dwarfs, the forbidden emission line regions observed are not well resolved spatially. Thus, their origin in an outflow could not be confirmed. Here, the technique of spectro-astrometry as a means of spatially probing the forbidden emission line regions of very low mass stars and brown dwarfs is introduced. Indeed spectro-astrometric data presented here demonstrates, for the first time, that young brown dwarfs that are actively accreting can drive outflows. Also discussed is the important role adaptive optics will play when it comes to spatially resolving the forbidden emission line regions of sub-stellar objects and the potential for developing spectro-astrometry to a 2D form through integral field spectroscopy.     

Spectrophotometric Study of the Region of the Sky Around the Galaxies Markarian 261 and 262

Results are presented from a detailed spectrophotometric study of a unique system of physically coupled galaxies whose spectra contain identical emission lines. This system consists of four galaxies, three of which have a double or multiple structure in their central portions and are, by definition, galaxies with two or multiple nuclei. Two of these objects are the galaxies with an ultraviolet excess (UVE), Mark 261 and Mark 262, while one is a galaxy made up of two identical starlike nuclei that are referred to as the “twin objects.” In the DSS2 charts, the latter show up as two adjacent stars without any surroundings. However, there are two condensations between these starlike nuclei. The fourth object has a triplet structure. It is shown here that all these objects have the same emission (line) spectra and red shifts. All the physical characteristics that can be determined from the spectra are determined: red shifts, relative intensities of emission lines, their equivalent widths, distances to the galaxies, etc. It is concluded that the members of this system have a common origin, more or less consistent with Ambartsumyan's idea of the fragmentation of an isolated, high density body. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 503–514 (November 2005).     

Massive stellar populations in Wolf-Rayet galaxies

The analysis of the long-slit spectral observations of 40 Wolf-Rayet (WR) galaxies with heavy element mass fraction ranging over two orders of magnitudes from Z_⊙/50 to 2Z_⊙ are presented. We derive the number of O stars from the luminosity of the Hβ emission line, the number of early carbon Wolf-Rayet stars (WCE) from the luminosity of the red bump (broad CIV λ5808 emission) and the number of late nitrogen Wolf-Rayet stars (WNL) from the luminosity of the blue bump (broad emission near λ4650). We identified some of weak WR emission lines, most often the N III λ4512 and Si III λ4565 lines, which have very rarely or never been seen and discussed before in WR galaxies. A new technique for deriving the number of WNL stars (WN7–WN8) from the N III λ4512 and the number of WN9–WN11 from Si III λ4565 emission lines has been proposed. This technique is potentially more precise than the blue bump method because it does not suffer from contamination of WCE and early WN (WNE) stars and nebular gaseous emission. We find that the fraction of WR stars relative to all massive stars increases with increasing metallicity, in agreement with predictions of evolutionary synthesis models. The relative number ratios N(WC)/N(WN) and the equivalent widths of the blue and red bumps derived from observations are also in satisfactory agreement with theoretical predictions, except for the most metal-deficient WR galaxies. A possible source of disagreement is too low a line emission luminosity adopted for a single WCE star in low-metallicity models.