中国东西重力潮汐剖面

为了检验体潮与海潮的理论模型,分析了中国东西重力潮汐剖面（1981年9月-1985年1月）。同时,为研究LaCoste ET-20和ET-21重力仪的格值系统,建立了一条由17台LaCoste G型和2台LaCoste D型重力仪观测的重力垂直基线。在基线上标定的结果表明,ET-21重力仪的格值大了1％。由标定得到的格值计算剖面上各测站的潮汐因子,经海潮改正后,接近Wahr模型值,振幅因子的残差:O₁波小于0.3μGal,M₂波小于0.4μGal。但是上海和拉萨的观测经海潮改正后,相位迟后有很大的改善,振幅因子却更偏离于模型值,其潮汐异常主要是近海的海潮模型不完善,以及在海潮计算中,所采用的地球模型未考虑地壳与上地幔的横向不均匀性所引起。     

Adaptability of the ocean and earth tidal models based on global observations of the superconducting gravimeters

As the gravity field is the most primary and direct physical quantity reflecting the density variation of the Earth’s interior and its geodynamic properties under various environmental changes and as the knowledge of the fine structure of the Earth’s interior and its geo-dynamics has a strong impact on space research, grav-ity observations become more and more important in Earth sciences. Therefore based on a global network of superconducting gravimeters (SGs), the Global Geo-dynamic Proje…     

武汉超导重力仪观测最新结果和海潮模型研究

利用武汉台站GWR_C032超导重力仪观测资料,在对原始数据进行有效预处理的基础上作调和分析,获得反映地球内部介质特征的重力潮汐参数.基于卫星测高技术和有限元方法同时考虑验潮站数据作约束条件获得的多个全球海潮模型,利用负荷理论和数值褶积积分技术计算了重力负荷,对周日和半日频段内的重力潮汐参数实施负荷改正,提出了“负荷改正有效性”概念,研究了全球海潮模型适应性.数值结果说明,海潮改正的有效性高达91%（O1,NAO99）和92%（M2,ORI96）.基于11个海潮模型对主波（O1,K1,M2和S2）的负荷改正说明平均有效性为（86%,70%,73%和84%）,振幅因子与理论模型间的差异分别从（212%,155%,116%和080%）降到（031%,039%,034%和008%）,同时还说明利用NAO99和ORI96全球海潮模型能获得比其他模型更佳的负荷改正效果.文章还利用国际地球动力学计划网络其他7个台站的超导重力仪观测研究了全球海潮模型的适定性问题,结果说明不同模型中不同潮波具有明显的区域特点,早期构制的SCW80全球海潮模型仍可作为大地测量研究中的重要参考模型.     

南极中山与昭和站重力海潮负荷效应及背景噪声研究

利用南极中山站LCR-ET21重力仪器与昭和站GWR058仪器获得的重力潮汐观测资料,采用最新的三个全球海潮模型(Dtu10,Eot11A和HAM11A)研究了南极地区的海潮负荷效应和背景噪声.结果表明,由三个海潮模型计算的重力负荷均值改正后,中山站O_1和M_2振幅观测残差分别由13.83%和20.55%下降到5.32%和5.95%,昭和站O_1和M_2振幅观测残差分别由10.84%和21.52%下降到1.91%和3.40%,说明海潮负荷改正的有效性.利用加汉宁窗的FFT变换,获得了地震频段的地震噪声等级(SNM),其值分别为1.574(中山站)和1.289(昭和站).而在潮汐频段,中山站的背景噪声比昭和站高一个数量级,主要由不同观测仪器和台站局部环境所致.本文结果可为进一步利用南极重力资料研究局部环境和全球动力学问题提供有效参考.     

武汉台重力潮汐长期观测结果

采用武汉台超导重力仪(SG C032)14年多的长期连续观测资料,研究了固体地球对二阶和三阶引潮力的响应特征,精密测定了重力潮汐参数,系统研究了最新的固体潮模型和海潮模型在中国大陆的有效性.采用最新的8个全球海潮模型计算了海潮负荷效应,从武汉台SG C032的观测中成功分离出63个2阶潮汐波群和15个3阶潮汐波群信号,3阶潮波涵盖了周日、半日和1/3日三个频段.重力潮汐观测的精度非常高,标准偏差达到1.116 nm·s^-2,系统反映了非流体静力平衡、非弹性地球对2阶和3阶引潮力的响应特征.结果表明,现有的武汉国际重力潮汐基准在半日频段非常精确,但在周日频段存在比较明显的偏差,需要进一步精化.对于中国大陆的大地测量观测,固体潮可以采用Dehant等考虑地球内部介质非弹性和非流体静力平衡建立的固体潮理论模型或Xu 等基于全球SG观测建立的重力潮汐全球实验模型作为参考和改正模型,海潮负荷效应应该采用Nao99作为改正模型.     

Synthetic tidal parameters for gravity over China and its neighbor area

The synthetic tidal parameters with high spatial resolution for gravity over China and its neighbor area are con- structed with Earth’s tidal model and ocean tide loading calculated using TPXO7 global ocean tide model as well as tidal data over China seas. The comparison between synthetic parameters and ones observed by spring gravime- ters at some seismic network stations and Hong Kong station and one observed by super-conducting gravimeter at Wuhan station shows that the average differences in amplitude factors and phases are smaller than 0.005 and 0.5° respectively; and that the discrepancies between observational and synthetic parameters are dependent on gravim- etric technique in that the synthetic parameters are in well agreement with the superconducting gravimetric obser- vations. This also indicates that the synthetic result is a good estimation for tidal gravity, and the numerical results in the present paper not only can provide ground and space gravimetry such as absolute gravimetry with correction model of tidal gravity, but also provide effective tidal parameters over areas where no observation is carried out.     

北京地区最新重力潮汐结果及其在检测液核共振效应中的应用

利用中国计量科学研究院北京昌平基地iGrav-012超导重力仪最新观测资料,对其作仔细地预处理,根据调和分析方法精密测定了重力潮汐参数,基于负荷理论与卷积积分技术获得了包含HAM11a,DTU10,EOT11a在内的14个全球海潮模型的重力海潮负荷效应,利用近周日频段内潮波振幅因子的共振效应求解了自由核章动(FCN)的本征参数.调和分析结果表明,重力潮汐的观测精度非常高,标准差达到1.184nm·s-2.基于加汉宁窗的快速傅里叶变换方法获得地震频段的地震噪声等级(SNM)为0.206,说明该台站是低背景噪声的.周日主波O1和K1经海潮模型作负荷效应改正的平均有效性分别为83%和85%;使用13个高精度海潮模型进行迭积计算获得的FCN本征周期为430.0(427.8,432.3)恒星日,品质因子Q值为-5137.     

International tidal gravity reference values at Wuhan station

The international tidal gravity reference values at Wuhan station are determined accurately based on the comprehensive analysis of the tidal gravity observations obtained from 8 instruments. By comparing these with those in the tidal models given by Dehant (1997) while considering simultaneously (i) the global satellite altimeters tidal data, and (ii) the Schwiderski global tidal data and the local ones along the coast of China, it is found that the average discrepancy of the amplitude factors and of the phase differences for four main waves are given as 5.2% and 3.6% and as 0.16° and 0.08° respectively. They are improved evidently compared to those determined in early stage, indicating the important procedures in improving the Wuhan international tidal gravity reference values when including the long-series observations obtained with a superconducting gravimeter, and when considering the influence of the ocean loading and of the nearly daily free wobble of the Earth’s core.     

Temporal variations in free core nutation period

Based on the nearly diurnal resonance in the tidal gravity observations,the temporal variations in period of the Earth's free core nutation (FCN) are investigated by using the tidal gravity observations of 18-year duration recorded continu-ously with a superconducting gravimeter (SG) at Brussels. The effects of the global oceanic tide loading and local barometric pressure on the SG observations have been removed by using eleven high-precision global digital models of oceanic tides and barometric pressure me...     

中国大陆精密重力潮汐改正模型

利用理论和实验重力固体潮模型,充分考虑全球海潮和中国近海潮汐的负荷效应,建立了中国大陆的精密重力潮汐改正模型.结果表明,采用不同的固体潮模型会对重力潮汐结果产生相对变化幅度小于0.06％的差异;在沿海地区海潮负荷的影响约为整个潮汐的4％,而中部地区约为1％,其中中国近海潮汐模型的影响约占整个海潮负荷的10%,内插或外推潮波的负荷约占海潮负荷的3％.通过比较实测的重力数据表明,本文给出的重力潮汐改正模型的精度远远优于0.5×10^-8 m·s^-2,说明了本文构建的模型的实用性,可为中国大陆高精度重力测量提供有效参考和精密的改正模型.     

地球重力场的精细频谱结构及其应用

综述了近年内在全球地球动力学合作观测和研究网络框架下开展的重力场观测、频谱结构和应用研究方面的成果. 内容涉及精密大气、海潮负荷信号检测, 重力潮汐和自由核章动参数测定, 海潮模型和重力固体潮模型有效性检验, 重力潮汐实验模型构制, 地球球型基频和低阶震型谱峰分裂现象和地球Chandler摆动等方面. 文章还介绍了综合现代大地测量技术, 全球超导重力仪的长期、连续观测在地表水循环、同震和震后形变、地球慢形变和地壳垂直运动等方面将发挥重要作用的情况.     

香港地区重力固体潮和海潮负荷特征研究

介绍了在香港地区重力固体潮合作观测成果, 获得了该地区完整的重力固体潮实测模型. 利用全球和近海海潮模型以及岛屿验潮站数据较系统地研究了海潮负荷特征, 反演了全球海潮模型的适定性. 数值结果说明周日频段内的海潮模型要比半日频段内的模型更加稳定, 实施验潮站潮位高变化改正对精密确定重力固体潮相位滞后起重要作用. 文章还研究了重力观测残差和台站背景噪声水平. 本项研究填补了中国地壳运动观测网络在该地区重力固体潮观测空白, 为地表和空间大地测量提供有效参考和服务.     

利用小波分析重力的长期变化

运用小波滤波方法估算Chandler和周年项的潮汐因子.本文分析了四个台站(Brussels, Boulder, Membach以及Strasbourg)的观测记录,运用合成潮方法得到重力残差后,用Daubechies小波带通滤波器滤波残差,得到256～512 d时间尺度上的序列,根据标准差最小原则确定观测极潮周年和Chandler项的周期,然后利用最小二乘法估算它们的潮汐因子,同时给出未经模型改正的周年重力.由于高阶Daubechies小波构造的滤波器具有良好的频率响应,且能压制信号中的高阶异常成分,使滤波的信号更加光滑,因此计算结果具有更小的均方差,更加可靠.     

GPS Height and Gravity Variations Due to Ocean Tidal Loading Around Taiwan

This study presents predicts ocean tidal loading (OTL) effects using a Green’s function approach and validates a novel tidal model for Taiwan. Numerical integration of OTL is performed using the Gauss quadrature method and a local tidal model for the inner zone and a global model for the outer zone. Observed time series of GPS-derived vertical displacements and gravity variations (3–7 days) at five co-located GPS-gravimeter stations along the South East China and Taiwan coasts were utilized to assess the accuracy of the proposed models and two other models. The OTL-induced gravity variations are 3–16 μgal and the vertical site displacements are 13–27 mm. Generally, an OTL model using a mixed global and local tidal model generates better agreement with the observations than an OTL model using a global tidal model only. However, containing a local model inside a global model does not always produce a good agreement with the observations. The relatively large discrepancies between modeled and observed OTL values at some stations indicate that there is a need for an improved local tidal model in the study area. An erratum to this article can be found at     

中国固体潮向量空间分布特征的研究

本文对中比合作和我们独立获得的共10个台站17个仪器架次2890天的固体潮观测资料采用卡特莱特(Cartwright)的完全展开和维尼迪可夫(Venedikov)方法统一地进行了调和分析,并用中井(Nakai)方法对观测资料进行了拟合预处理以提高分析结果的信噪比,同时用线性内插方法处理了仪器灵敏度以资对比.本文着重讨论了分析结果所提供的我国大陆固体潮矢量空间分布的区域性特征及其与海洋负荷的关系.结果表明:中国大陆固体潮空间分布受到海洋负荷的明显控制.O1波尤为显着.文中讨论了仪器流变模型对观测矢量的影响.根据流变模型改正后的结果,所得到的地球对引潮力的实际响应的相位滞后,大多数发站都接近于-1,它论证了理论原则的正确性.文中还讨论了残差矢量与海洋负荷矢量的关系,它们的一致性最概括地说明了海洋负荷对固体潮的影响.文中用误差矢量的方法研究了分析结果的精度,它说明目前海潮改正的精度仍然是不够的.在上述工作基础上,文中最后得到了经海潮改正后的 M2波和 O1波的观测矢量.      

中国地壳运动观测网络基准站倾斜固体潮观测中的海潮负荷信号改正问题

利用最新的全球海潮模型（Csr3.0,Fes95.2,Tpxo2,Csr4.0和Scw80)和中国近海海潮资料，基于标准地球模型负荷格林函数，采用Agnew的积分格林函数方法研究了倾斜固体潮观测中的海潮负荷效应。文章计算了中国地壳运动观测网络25个基准站8个主要潮流的倾斜负荷，数值结果说明对某一潮波而言，倾斜负荷振幅达10^-9弧度，沿海地区达10^-8弧度或更多。文章构制了北京和上海等8个主要台站的倾斜负荷随时间变化。     

Determination of the long period tidal waves in the GGP superconducting gravity data

Several results about the long period (LP) tidal waves are obtained by the analysis of series of superconducting gravity data, provided by the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP). The most important result is the determination of a single group called LPMF, composed by all LP tides but representing accurately the parameters of the M_f wave. As the LP tidal generating potential is vanishing at latitudes ±35°15′52″ we cannot determine accurate tidal amplitude factors for the stations located between ±40° and ±30°. However, it is still possible to obtain tidal residual vectors and compare them with oceanic tidal loading computations. For 15 stations the NAO99 oceanic model is giving a coherent picture. For nine stations with M_f amplitude larger than 3 μgal (1 μgal = 10 nm s⁻²) a global analysis is obtained by introducing the loading effect of the ocean directly in the observation equations. The mean amplitude factor obtained for LPMF is larger than expected from the models and there is a significant phase lag, showing the imperfection of the tidal oceanic models for M_f. Other new result is the first separate estimation of the parameters of the LP tides, generated by the tidal potential of third degree, dominated by a Lunar declinational monthly wave, called here 3M_md. Due to their small amplitudes (under 1 μgal) these waves are practically hidden by the noise. Nevertheless, the quality of the data and the flexibility of the VAV analysis method [Venedikov, A.P., Arnoso, J., Vieira, R., 2001. Program VAV/2000 for tidal analysis of unequally spaced data with irregular drift and colored noise. J. Geodetic Soc. Jpn. 47 (1), 281–286; Venedikov, A.P., Arnoso, J., Vieira, R., 2003. VAV: a program for tidal data processing. Comput. Geosci. 29, 487–502.] allow getting significant results, in agreement with the theory of the Earth deformation by the tidal potential of third degree.     

LCR-ET20弹簧型潮汐重力仪观测结果的分析和比较

基于武汉国际重力潮汐基准站LCR-ET20弹簧重力仪潮汐观测资料，利用国际标准的数据预处理和分析方法，采用与GWR型超导重力仪同址观测对比方法，较系统研究了ET20仪器特征以及大气和海洋重力信号．数值结果表明，尽管ET20的观测精度要比超导型重力仪的精度低一个量级，弹簧蠕变性导致的仪器漂移十分大，但该仪器仍获得了与超导重力仪相当的潮汐参数，能有效用于重力场的时间变化观测．      

大气重力信号的理论计算及其检测

基于标准大气定律和大气圆柱体分布模型,本文引进了大气重力格林函数,用离散格积方法求得了大气对重力场观测的影响,对台站高程、周围地形和地表温度变化等因素的影响问题进行了讨论．结果说明台站近区气压变化是大气重力信号的主要贡献者,考虑大气质量负荷引起的弹性地球形变效应后,对距台站0．5°的区域积分获得的大气重力导纳值为-0．3603μGal／hPa,占全球大气变化引起的总信号的90％以上,这一理论模型结果与超导重力仪实测结果相吻合,并能较有效地用于消除重力观测中的气压干扰成分．     

Analysis and comparison of the tidal gravity observations obtained with LCR-ET20 spring gravimeter

Introduction The tidal variation signals of the solid Earth recorded with the modern measuring techniques can be used to provide effectively the means to cognize the Earths motion, deformation and structure character, especially to monitor the material motion in the Earths interior. In the recent 20 years, the distribution character of the global gravity field has made great progress since the continuous and deep theoretical studies in geophysics and geodesy domains. The successful manufactur…