淮河流域暴雨过程的数值模拟和诊断分析

利用中尺度数值模式WRF输出结果，对2003年7月4-6日淮河流域出现的暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明，WRF模式对这次暴雨过程的雨带位置和走向均有较好的模拟，但暴雨中心位置偏移。这次暴雨过程中尺度天气系统的发生、发展、加强及衰减均在模拟结果中有所显现。     

一次典型东北冷涡暴雨的数值模拟及诊断分析

利用中尺度数值模式WRF,模拟了黑龙江省2004年8月28～29日出现的暴雨过程,并对此次过程进行诊断分析。结果表明。WRF中尺度模式能够较好的模拟冷涡暴雨天气,并从暴雨形成的辐合辐散、水汽、垂直速度等物理量诊断分析此次暴雨过程的演变及物理特征。     

甘肃东南部一次暴雨天气的数值模拟和螺旋度分析

利用NCEP每6h一次的1°×1°格点资料和中尺度模式WRF(V3.1),对2005年7月1～2日发生在甘肃东南部的一次暴雨天气进行了诊断分析和数值模拟,运用模式输出资料对本次天气过程的螺旋度与降水的关系进行了分析讨论。结果表明:高原短波槽的生成,以及来自南海和孟加拉湾的水汽输送是造成此次暴雨天气过程的主要原因;WRF模式对西北暴雨具有一定的模拟能力;螺旋度的空间分布对西北地区东部暴雨的预报具有一定的指示意义;700hPa正值螺旋度的分布形状与高原短波槽和700hPa切变线的形状存在对应关系;而400hPa以下大值正螺旋度的产生可能是西北暴雨发生发展的重要原因之一。     

不同云微物理参数化方案对舟曲"8.8"暴雨过程模拟的影响

利用NCEP 每6h一次的1°×1°格点资料和中尺度模式WRF(V3.2),选用Kessler 方案、Lin 方案和Morrison 双参数方案等3 种云微物理参数化方案,对2010 年舟曲"8.8"特大暴雨天气进行了数值模拟试验,以分析不同参数化方案对降水特征、物理量特征和云微物理特征模拟的影响.结果表明,此次暴雨过...     

浙北地区一次飑线天气的数值模拟分析

利用NCEP1°×1°的再分析资料对2014年3月29日发生在浙北地区的一次飑线天气过程进行诊断分析,并用中尺度数值模式WRF3.2.1对该过程进行数值模拟。结果表明,高空槽、低层冷涡和地面气旋为这次飑线天气的主要影响系统;K指数和θse等值线反映了浙北地区大气层结的不稳定性。此外,WRF模式基本上能模拟出本次飑线过程的中β尺度结构特征。数值模拟结果显示,低层正涡度,高层负涡度的配置有利于强对流的产生和发展;850hPa的流场特征能够很好地分析出飑线系统经历发生、发展到消亡的演变过程。     

沪宁高速公路一次大雾过程的数值模拟及诊断分析

利用新一代中尺度数值预报模式WRF和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2007年10月26日发生在沪宁高速公路区域的一次大雾天气过程进行了数值模拟,同时采用沪宁高速公路自动气象监测站的实时资料对模拟效果进行了验证,发现WRF模式较成功地模拟了此次大雾过程.结果表明:(1)此次大雾是一次典型的辐射雾,其形成主要原因之一是...     

耦合不同陆面方案的WRF模式对“8.8”舟曲暴雨过程的模拟

利用NCEP每6 h一次的1°×1°格点资料和中尺度模式WRF(V3.2),选用不同的陆面参数化方案,对2010年8月7—8日发生在甘肃舟曲的一次西北地区特大暴雨天气过程进行数值模拟试验。结果表明,此次暴雨过程数值模拟的准确率对陆面参数化方案的选择比较敏感。在WRF模式中,耦合陆面方案比不耦合陆面方案对暴雨的模拟效果更好,耦合陆面方案所模拟的降水分布、地表通量以及地面气象要素都与实况更加接近。耦合不同的陆面方案模拟的降水以及感热通量、潜热通量都存在较大的差别,但是采用不同的陆面方案模拟的地表温度和水汽差别并不大。总体而言,采用PX陆面方案对降水的模拟效果比采用其他方案都合理,与实况最接近。     

一次梅雨锋暴雨过程的中尺度对比模拟分析

使用新一代细网格WRF中尺度数值模式和MM5（V3）模式,对2003年7月4～6日发生在江淮流域的一次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了数值模拟对比分析。结果表明：WRF和MM5都能较好的模拟这次暴雨过程雨带的分布和走向,而WRF能更好的模拟降水中心的位置和雨量;与暴雨过程相联系的低空急流和涡度场等分布特征的模拟,WRF模式亦优于MM5模式。此外,在云贵高原东麓山地,与WRF模式相比,MM5模式在低层模拟出虚假的低压环流,这可能与两模式所采用的垂直坐标差异有关。对WRF的模拟结果分析发现,700hPa湿位涡异常区与暴雨发生区对应很好。     

多普勒天气雷达资料在暴雨数值模拟中的同化应用

基于中尺度数值模式WRF及其三维变分同化系统WRF-3DVAR对2008年6月广西地区的一次强降雨过程,进行了多普勒天气雷达的多普勒径向速度和反射率因子的三维变分同化对于暴雨过程模拟效果影响研究。结果表明：(1）同化柳州、桂林和永州多普勒天气雷达观测资料后,模式对广西东北部地区特大暴雨的模拟效果明显改进;(2）WRF-3DVAR能够有效地同化多普勒天气雷达径向速度和雷达反射率因子,同化后使得模式初始场包含有更详尽的中尺度特征信息;(3）在高分辨率中尺度数值模式中有效地利用多普勒天气雷达资料,改善了分析场中尺度结构的描述,从而减轻了spin-up现象,能较好的提高中尺度降雨预报。     

基于WRF模式的暴雨天气过程的数值模拟及诊断分析

利用新一代中尺度数值预报模式WRF2.2和1°×1°的NCEP气象再分析资料,对2009年9月17日发生在江苏南部地区覆盖沪宁高速公路的一次大暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟。经AWMS（the automatic weather monitoring system）实测数据验证,此次天气过程的模拟效果较为理想。对模式输出的物理量进行诊断分析后发现：长江中下游地区的β中尺度低涡的发展、移动对暴雨过程中降水的加强和维持起着重要的作用;水汽辐合带在500hPa以下非常显著,在暴雨区形成了深厚的高湿环境,为暴雨的产生、加强和维系提供了重要的水汽条件;暴雨区内前期及降水过程中都存在较为强烈的垂直运动,且涡度场与散度场在垂直结构配置上一致,使得大气层结不稳定能量释放,形成了旺盛的对流天气;对流层中上层大气为中性层结,低层为位势不稳定,所以整层大气有对流发展,有利于暴雨的形成。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.