南秦岭勉(县)略(阳)构造混杂岩带的泥盆纪-石炭纪古海洋演化

南秦岭勉略构造混杂岩带是由太古宙-石炭纪不同时代的构造岩片组成的非史密斯地层区。其中,泥盆纪发育裂谷火山岩,石炭纪发育蛇绿岩、岛弧和洋壳火山岩及放射虫硅质岩。泥盆纪-石炭纪的火山岩、硅质岩常量元素、微量元素、Ce异常、稀土元素总量和轻/重稀土元素分异特征及其配分型式反映出当时勉略洋为一开放洋盆。区域地质资料分析表明,勉略洋是在早古生代后期勉略裂陷槽的基础上进一步发育而成的。该洋盆于石炭纪俯冲萎缩,在三叠纪后期最终关闭和碰撞造山。     

Volcanism in Sanjiang Tethyan Orogenic Belt:New Facts and Concepts

Sanjiang area in Southwestern China is tectonically sit-uated at the east end of Himalaya-Tethys tectonic do-main and at the conjunction of Tethyan MountainChain and Circum-Pacific Mountain Chain.It is one ofthe key areas to understand the global tectonics and alsoone of gigantic metallogenic provinces in China and evenin the world.Volcanism had occurred during the periodof time from Proterozoic to Cenozoic.The most impor-tant and active periods of volcanism,however,areCarboniferous,Permian and Triassic.The pattern ofspatial distribution of Sanjiang volcanic rocks andophiolites can essentially be described as that severalintra——continental micro-massif volcanic districts arerespectively sandwiched between each two of four couplingophiolite—are volcanic belts,which are successively fromwest to east:Dingqing-Nujiang belt,Laneangjiangbelt,Jinshajiang belt and Ganzi-Litang belt.Fourtectono-magmatic types of volcanic rocks have been recognized in Sanjiang area as follows:mid-ocean-ridge/para-mid-ocean-rid     

The Bentong–Raub Suture Zone

It is proposed that the Bentong–Raub Suture Zone represents a segment of the main Devonian to Middle Triassic Palaeo-Tethys ocean, and forms the boundary between the Gondwana-derived Sibumasu and Indochina terranes. Palaeo-Tethyan oceanic ribbon-bedded cherts preserved in the suture zone range in age from Middle Devonian to Middle Permian, and mélange includes chert and limestone clasts that range in age from Lower Carboniferous to Lower Permian. This indicates that the Palaeo-Tethys opened in the Devonian, when Indochina and other Chinese blocks separated from Gondwana, and closed in the Late Triassic (Peninsular Malaysia segment). The suture zone is the result of northwards subduction of the Palaeo-Tethys ocean beneath Indochina in the Late Palaeozoic and the Triassic collision of the Sibumasu terrane with, and the underthrusting of, Indochina. Tectonostratigraphic, palaeobiogeographic and palaeomagnetic data indicate that the Sibumasu Terrane separated from Gondwana in the late Sakmarian, and then drifted rapidly northwards during the Permian–Triassic. During the Permian subduction phase, the East Malaya volcano-plutonic arc, with I-Type granitoids and intermediate to acidic volcanism, was developed on the margin of Indochina. The main structural discontinuity in Peninsular Malaysia occurs between Palaeozoic and Triassic rocks, and orogenic deformation appears to have been initiated in the Upper Permian to Lower Triassic, when Sibumasu began to collide with Indochina. During the Early to Middle Triassic, A-Type subduction and crustal thickening generated the Main Range syn- to post-orogenic granites, which were emplaced in the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic. A foredeep basin developed on the depressed margin of Sibumasu in front of the uplifted accretionary complex in which the Semanggol “Formation” rocks accumulated. The suture zone is covered by a latest Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous, mainly continental, red bed overlap sequence.     

新疆北部地区上古生界火山岩分布及其构造环境

新疆北部地区石炭系火山岩主要发育于石炭纪-早二叠世由洋盆向陆内盆地转换阶段,发育碰撞与碰撞后伸展期两类构造环境火山岩; 围绕造山带构成西准噶尔、东准噶尔、准南三大岩区; 石炭系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩组合,二叠系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-流纹岩组合。下石炭统多表现为碰撞期活动陆缘构造环境海相中基性火山岩,上石炭统表现为被动陆缘海陆过渡相钙碱性系列中酸性火山岩; 下二叠统表现为陆相偏碱性中基性、中酸性火山岩。西准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套海陆交互相中基性火山岩组合,具汇聚岛弧过渡壳特点。东准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套基性、中酸性岩石组合,具早期岛弧挤压、晚期板内伸展环境特征; 准南博格达山前表现为典型裂谷环境火山岩。二叠系火山岩均为碰撞期后板内伸展构造环境,主要分布于西准噶尔岩区; 表现为东准卡拉麦里残留洋最先闭合隆升,西准达尔布特残留洋随后闭合,最后是北天山洋关闭构造演化次序。新疆北部地区上古生界石炭系-下二叠统火山岩油气成藏多遵循“源控论”,主要围绕石炭系与下二叠统烃源岩发育区、有效生烃中心于构造高部位成藏,晚石炭世伸展裂陷应为有利勘探领域。     

云南思茅地区上石炭统沉积特征及其构造背景

思茅地区位于东特提斯构造域的东段,晚古生代时期属扬子地台西缘的一部分。晚石炭世具有台盆相间的沉积格局,形成了三类不同的沉积：滨岸沉积、浅海台地沉积和深水浊流沉积。其中深水浊流沉积以火山源浊流沉积为特征,是在平缓的碳酸盐台地或陆棚之上通过断陷事件发展起来的,包括了５个沉积旋回,表现出强烈的火山活动期与火山休眠期交递进行的沉积旋回特征。自晚石炭世早期到晚期,火山活动期逐渐增长,休眠期逐渐缩短,反映出盆地性质自稳定向活动的转化过程。火山岩具有岛弧型火山岩特征,说明晚石炭世,思茅地区具有活动型大陆边缘沉积特征     

西藏东巧北尕苍见岛弧的厘定及地质意义

在班公错—怒江小洋盆内晚侏罗世存在向南的俯冲已被许多学者所证实,近期在班—怒带中部的东巧蛇绿岩带北侧发现一套晚侏罗世火山岩——尕苍见(组)火山岩,该套火山岩以内部变形微弱而明显有别于东巧蛇绿岩带,其地球化学特点反映具有岛弧性质,并具有初期为拉斑玄武质-钙碱性岩浆喷发,尔后以钙碱性火山活动为主,至晚期岛弧演化成熟,发生岛弧橄榄安粗质火山喷发活动,并伴有富Nb岛弧玄武岩产出。证明在班怒小洋盆内晚期也曾存在向北的俯冲作用。这一发现对完整重溯班—怒带构造演化和构建青藏高原大地构造格局具有重要意义。     

Geochemistry of the Mian-Lue ophiolites in the Qinling Mountains, central China: Constraints on the evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt and collision of the North and South China Cratons

The Anzishan ophiolite, a typical ophiolitic block of early Carboniferous age in the Mian-Lue suture zone of the Qinling Mountains, central China, consists of amphibolites/metabasalts, gabbros and gabbroic cumulates. All of these rocks, as well as those in the Hunshuiguan-Zhuangke (HZ) block, have compositions similar to normal MORB and back-arc basin basalts (BABB) with high ε_Nd(t) values, indicating that they were derived from a depleted mantle source. The Mian-Lue suture zone also contains blocks of other lithologies, e.g., rift volcanic rocks in the Heigouxia block and arc volcanic rocks in the Sanchazi block. Although they are in fault contact with each other, the presence of these different blocks in the Mian-Lue suture zone may represent a complete Wilson cycle, from initial rifting to open ocean basin to final subduction and continent-continent collision, during the late Paleozoic-early Triassic. In this region, the North and South China Cratons were separated by Paleo-Tethys at least until the early Carboniferous, and final amalgamation of both cratons along the Qinling orogenic belt took place in the Triassic.     

西南三江造山带火山岩—构造组合及其意义

岩石构造组合是指表示板块边界或特定的板块内部环境特征的岩石结合。中国西南“三江”造山带的火山岩可划分为五种火山岩－构造组合：洋脊型／准洋脊型组合，岛弧及陆缘弧组合，碰撞型组合，碰撞后组合及陆内拉张型组合。阐述了各种火山岩－构造组合的特点及构造含义。对在造山带火山岩岩石－构造组合分析中经常遇到的一些问题，如“构造岩片”研究方法、地球化学判别图解的使用条件、准洋脊型火山型组合的构造含义、蛇绿岩带－火山弧的成对性、岩浆作用的同步性和滞后性、以及火山岩的深部“探针”作用等问题进行了讨论。     

Geochemistry of arc volcanic rocks of the Zagros Crush Zone,Neyriz, Iran

The northeastern margin of the Tethyan Neyriz ophiolite complex in southwestern Iran is tectonically juxtaposed under cataclastically-deformed island arc volcanic–volcaniclastic rocks. We document this arc component of the Zagros Crush Zone in the Neyriz area, and describe its petrographic and geochemical characteristics. The arc unit which we call the Hassanabad Unit, is tectonically intercalated with Cretaceous limestone in the cataclastic shear zone around the Hassanabad pass north of Neyriz.Analyses of the distributions of the major, rare earth and other trace elements in the volcanic rocks of the Hassanabad Unit reveal a dominantly calc-alkaline island arc composition. Volcanogenic sandstone and sedimentary breccia, with clasts of basalt, andesite and diorite, are cataclastically intercalated with pillowed calc-alkaline island arc volcanic rocks, pelagic limestone and radiolarian chert. Trace element geochemistry corroborates the petrographic evidence that the poorly-sorted and angular volcanogenic sediments were derived locally from the island arc volcanic and intrusive rocks. The emplacement of the volcanic arc rocks adjacent to the thrust sheets of the crustal and mantle sequences of the Neyriz ophiolite was probably a result of subduction-related processes during closure of the Tethys ocean during the Late Cretaceous.     

特提斯中西段古生代洋陆格局与构造演化

笔者根据国内外研究进展和区域地质对比,将特提斯中西段的古生代构造域划分为Iapetus-Tornquist洋加里东造山带、Rheic洋华力西期造山带、乌拉尔-天山中亚造山带和古特提斯Pontides-高加索-Mashhad造山带,并提出4个初步认识:(1)Rodinia超大陆在新元古代裂解形成的原特提斯大洋在欧洲以Ia...     

Cretaceous–Tertiary convergence and continental collision,Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone,western Iran

The Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone contains the metamorphic core of the Zagros continental collision zone in western Iran. The zone has been subdivided into the following from southwest to northeast: an outer belt of imbricate thrust slices (radiolarite, Bisotun, ophiolite and marginal sub-zones, which consist of Mesozoic deep-marine sediments, shallow-marine carbonates, oceanic crust and volcanic arc, respectively) and an inner complexly deformed sub-zone (late Palaeozoic–Mesozoic passive margin succession). Rifting and sea-floor spreading of Tethys occurred in the Permian to Triassic but in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone extension-related successions are mainly of Late Triassic age. Subduction of Tethyan sea floor in the Late Jurassic to Cretaceous produced deformation, metamorphism and unconformities in the marginal and complexly deformed sub-zones. Deformation climaxed in the Late Cretaceous when a major southwest-vergent fold belt formed associated with greenschist facies metamorphism and post-dated by abundant Palaeogene granitic plutons. In the southwest of the zone a Late Cretaceous island arc—passive margin collision occurred with ophiolite emplacement onto the northern Arabian margin similar to that in Oman. Final closure of Tethys was not completed until the Miocene when Central Iran collided with the northeast Arabian margin.     

晚三叠世昌都盆地构造背景及对成煤作用的控制

位于西藏东部的昌都盆地是经历石炭纪、二叠纪以及三叠纪多期成煤盆地叠合改造形成的构造盆地,其中以晚三叠世巴贡组含煤地层分布最为广泛。三叠纪时期,盆地两侧的金沙江洋盆与澜沧江洋盆相继闭合,区域构造背景复杂,是决定成煤古地理条件的首要因素。不同的构造背景形成特定的岩浆岩石类型和构造岩浆岩组合。昌都地体两侧晚三叠世火山岩的地球化学特征分析表明,昌都盆地东缘双峰式火山主要受伸展应力控制,形成裂陷,造成地形起伏大,区域沉降幅度大,沉积速率快,不利于发育稳定的成煤环境。盆地西缘与澜沧江洋壳俯冲相关的侵入岩发育,反映在挤压应力背景下形成坳陷,相对简单的基底构造为发生持续稳定的聚煤作用提供了良好的古地理环境。在后期构造作用的控制下,连续的煤层多被错断,呈角度不一、大小悬殊的单斜断块或褶皱产出,在巴贡、夺盖拉等地保存有具工业价值的煤矿点。     

On Geodynamic Evolution of Simao Region (Southwestern Yunnan, China) during Late Paleozoic and Triassic

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＳｉｍａｏｒｅｇｉｏｎ (ＳＷＹｕｎｎａｎ ,Ｃｈｉｎａ) ,ｓｉｔｕａｔｅｄｂｅ ｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅＡｉｌａｏｓｈａｎｂｅｌｔｉｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔａｎｄｔｈｅＬａｎｃａｎｇｊｉａｎｇｚｏｎｅｉｎｔｈｅｗｅｓｔ (Ｆｉｇ .1) ,ｉｓａｋｅｙａｒｅａｔｏｃｈｒｏｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｌｙｃｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｌａｔｅＰａｌｅｏｚｏｉｃｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｔｈｕｓｏｆｐｒｉｍｅｉｎ ｔｅｒｅｓｔｗｈｅｎｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｌａｔｅ ｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｈｉ…     

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带西段洞错蛇绿岩中的辉长岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地质意义

洞错蛇绿岩位于班公湖-怒江缝合带西段阿里地区,前人对其空间展布、构造环境及成因有过一定的探讨,但研究程度薄弱.选择洞错蛇绿岩中的辉长岩为研究对象,对其开展详细的岩相学、地球化学、年代学等工作,解读洋盆的形成时间及构造环境.结果表明,辉长岩与N-MORB相比具有较高的Mg#,低K、Na、P和Ti的元素特征,亏损Hf、Zr、Nb等高场强元素（HFSE）,具有轻稀土亏损型配分模式,表明可能源于N-MORB型亏损地幔源区.地球化学元素研究表明辉长岩岩浆源自亏损的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩~30%部分熔融,可能形成于与洋内俯冲相关的岛弧或者弧前构造环境,属于SSZ型蛇绿岩.辉长岩锆石的U-Pb测年指示其结晶年龄为222±4.8 Ma（MSWD=0.5,n=28）,代表了辉长岩的形成年龄,佐证了洞错蛇绿岩形成于晚三叠世,表明班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆从晚三叠世开始存在洋内俯冲消减地质作用.      

班公湖-怒江带、羌塘地块特提斯演化 与成矿地质背景

孟家屯岩组是山东省地矿局第九地质队张连峰等人１９９２年进行１∶５００００新汶、放城幅区调时，在新泰市孟家屯一带发现的一套石英岩组合的表壳岩，并将其划归为泰山岩群的底部［１］。前人认为孟家屯岩组总体上发生了３期变质作用?：第一期区域变质作用，使孟家屯岩组泥质岩中出现了斜长石、蓝晶石、铁铝榴石，基性岩中出现斜长石、普通角闪石等新生矿物，变质作用达中级变质，岩石的形成温度为T＝５３０～６３０℃，压力p＝０．５８～０．７２GPa，属中压相系中的低角闪岩相；第二期区域变质作用为泰山岩群地层发生的退变质作用，形…     

班公湖-怒江带、羌塘地块特提斯演化 与成矿地质背景

早古生代—泥盆纪,研究区沉积环境以陆棚碎屑岩相和碳酸盐台地相为主,代表冈瓦纳大陆北缘和特提斯南侧的被动大陆边缘。石炭纪—二叠纪,本区进入特提斯南、北缘弧盆系统演化阶段,龙木错-双湖带北部、金沙江带南部和冈底斯带分别在石炭纪、二叠纪形成岩浆弧。中生代是特提斯南缘弧盆演化阶段,SSZ型蛇绿岩形成岩浆熔离型铬、镍、铂族金属矿床和热液型金矿。班公湖-怒江带特提斯在中侏罗世至早白垩世向南、北两侧俯冲并形成岩浆弧,该岩浆弧是重要的成矿带,形成斑岩铜矿、矽卡岩型磁铁矿和热液型多金属矿床。北羌塘东段侏罗纪弧后前陆盆地有利于形成沉积型、沉积-热液改造型和热液型铁、铜、锑、金矿床。晚白垩世碰撞作用主要与热液型矿床有关,分布范围较大,也可能存在晚白垩世至新生代碰撞阶段的斑岩铜矿。     

西南三江地区洋板块地层特征及构造演化

以大地构造研究为主导,初步梳理了三江地区洋板块地层系统的分布及其构造演化规律。本文阐述了三江地区经历原-古特提斯大洋连续演化、分阶段拼贴增生至最终俯冲消亡的地质演化历程。甘孜-理塘弧后洋盆于早石炭世打开,二叠纪—中三叠世进入顶峰扩张期,晚三叠世洋盆萎缩引起向西俯冲,最终在晚三叠世末局部地区保留残留海。哀牢山弧后洋盆不晚于早石炭世形成,早石炭世—早二叠世整体扩张发育,早二叠世末或晚二叠世初开始向西俯冲,晚三叠世最终完全关闭。金沙江洋盆早石炭世时已扩张成洋,到早二叠世晚期开始俯冲,石炭纪—早二叠世早期是金沙江洋盆扩张的主体时期,早二叠世晚期至早、中三叠世俯冲消亡。澜沧江弧后洋盆中晚泥盆世开始扩张,在石炭纪—早二叠世发育为成熟洋盆,早二叠世晚期洋内俯冲形成洋内弧,晚二叠世—早、中三叠世双向俯冲消亡。昌宁-孟连洋为特提斯洋主带,具有原-古特提斯洋连续演化的地质记录,晚奥陶世开始向东俯冲消减,二叠纪末、早三叠世发生弧-陆碰撞作用,昌宁-孟连洋盆闭合。     

Ophiolites from the Mianlüe Suture in the Southern Qinling and Their Relationship with the Eastern Paleotethys Evolution

Abstract The Mianlüe suture extends from Derni‐Nanping‐Pipasi‐Kangxian to the Lüeyang‐Mianxian area, then traverses the Bashan arcuate structure eastward to the Huashan region, and finally to the Qingshuihe area of the southern Dabie Mountains. From east to west, with a length of over 1500 km, the ophiolitic melangé associations are distributed discontinuously along the suture. The rock assemblages include ophiolite, island‐arc and oceanic island rock series, indicating that there existed a suture zone and a vanished paleo‐ocean basin. The Mianlüe paleo‐ocean basin experienced its main expansion and formation process during the Carboniferous‐Permian and closed totally in the Triassic. It belongs to the northern branch of the eastern paleotethys, separated from the northern margin of the Yangtze block under the paleotethys mantle dynamic system.     

A new classification of the Turkish terranes and sutures and its implication for the paleotectonic history of the region

The Turkish part of the Tethyan realm is represented by a series of terranes juxtaposed through Alpine convergent movements and separated by complex suture zones. Different terranes can be defined and characterized by their dominant geological background. The Pontides domain represents a segment of the former active margin of Eurasia, where back-arc basins opened in the Triassic and separated the Sakarya terrane from neighbouring regions. Sakarya was re-accreted to Laurasia through the Balkanic mid-Cretaceous orogenic event that also affected the Rhodope and Strandja zones. The whole region from the Balkans to the Caucasus was then affected by a reversal of subduction and creation of a Late Cretaceous arc before collision with the Anatolian domain in the Eocene. If the Anatolian terrane underwent an evolution similar to Sakarya during the Late Paleozoic and Early Triassic times, both terranes had a diverging history during and after the Eo-Cimmerian collision. North of Sakarya, the Küre back-arc was closed during the Jurassic, whereas north of the Anatolian domain, the back-arc type oceans did not close before the Late Cretaceous. During the Cretaceous, both domains were affected by ophiolite obduction, but in very different ways: north directed diachronous Middle to Late Cretaceous mélange obduction on the Jurassic Sakarya passive margin; Senonian synchronous southward obduction on the Triassic passive margin of Anatolia. From this, it appears that the Izmir-Ankara suture, currently separating both terranes, is composite, and that the passive margin of Sakarya is not the conjugate margin of Anatolia. To the south, the Cimmerian Taurus domain together with the Beydağları domain (part of the larger Greater Apulian terrane), were detached from north Gondwana in the Permian during the opening of the Neotethys (East-Mediterranean basin). The drifting Cimmerian blocks entered into a soft collision with the Anatolian and related terranes in the Eo-Cimmerian orogenic phase (Late Triassic), thus suturing the Paleotethys. At that time, the Taurus plate developed foreland-type basins, filled with flysch-molasse deposits that locally overstepped the lower plate Taurus terrane and were deposited in the opening Neotethys to the south. These olistostromal deposits are characterized by pelagic Carboniferous and Permian material from the Paleotethys suture zone found in the Mersin mélange. The latter, as well as the Antalya and Mamonia domains are represented by a series of exotic units now found south of the main Taurus range. Part of the Mersin exotic material was clearly derived from the former north Anatolian passive margin (Huğlu-type series) and re-displaced during the Paleogene. This led us to propose a plate tectonic model where the Anatolian ophiolitic front is linked up with the Samail/Baër-Bassit obduction front found along the Arabian margin. The obduction front was indented by the Anatolian promontory whose eastern end was partially subducted. Continued slab roll-back of the Neotethys allowed Anatolian exotics to continue their course southwestward until their emplacement along the Taurus southern margin (Mersin) and up to the Beydağları promontory (Antaya-Mamonia) in the latest Cretaceous–Paleocene. The supra-subduction ocean opening at the back of the obduction front (Troodos-type Ocean) was finally closed by Eocene north–south shortening between Africa and Eurasia. This brought close to each other Cretaceous ophiolites derived from the north of Anatolia and those obducted on the Arabian promontory. The latter were sealed by a Maastrichtian platform, and locally never affected by Alpine tectonism, whereas those located on the eastern Anatolian plate are strongly deformed and metamorphosed, and affected by Eocene arc magmatism. These observations help to reconstruct the larger frame of the central Tethyan realm geodynamic evolution.     

蛇绿岩与大陆缝合线

从六十年代以来,被誉为“地球科学革命”的板块构造学说,引起广泛的地质工作者的重视。因为它能圆满地解释地球的主要面貌之间的动力学关系。板块构造的概念是近二十年来从各海洋区搜集的大量地球物理资料而发展起来的,因而在阐明洋壳(约200兆年)的构造比陆壳获得较大的成功。由于板块构造提供了一个全球动力学体系的框架,使人们对中生代以来的大陆演化的许多作用有所了解。对板块学说有兴趣的地质工作者,想根据均变论的原则,去解释古大陆的形成、演化的历史。